scholarly journals Effects of Eucalyptus Globulus on the Underground Water in Udigram, Swat, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Mahmood -Ul- Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Intensive Use

The plantation of Eucalyptus in hilly areas is not encouraging insight because it vanishes more than 50 litersof groundwater per day into the atmosphere and is gradually more dangerous to the water table and rock reservoirs. Therate of water evaporated by eucalyptus is higher than compared to the incoming showers in the area.This imbalance inthe water cycle caused changes in the water table as well as the flow of water from the springs.On the other hand, itswood is of poor quality and having low market demand as well as domestic use.The precipitation shows -2 inches (-25.8 millimeters) decline per year in the winter season between 1995 and 2014, while the ratio of increase is 1.24inches (31.5 millimeters) in the summer months. Generally,the major share of annual precipitation was from the winterseason before 1995, but onward, it is in summer and the area dropped from humid to sub-humid climate.This seasonalfluctuation of rainfall and dryness of rock reservoirs has not only decreased the water table, but also caused changes inthe flow of water from the springs and rivers. The dryness of the wells after reduction in precipitation, generally leadsto the digging and intensive use of tube wells in the area. The study reveals that the dryness in spring has an aftereffecttotally of cultivation of Eucalyptus on the Raja Gira hill slopes and required mitigation to overcome the issue of wateravailability for the locals.

scholarly journals Effects of Eucalyptus Globulus on the Underground Water in Udigram, Swat, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Saifullah Khan ◽  
Mahmood -Ul- Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Intensive Use

The plantation of Eucalyptus in hilly areas is not encouraging insight because it vanishes more than 50 litersof groundwater per day into the atmosphere and is gradually more dangerous to the water table and rock reservoirs. Therate of water evaporated by eucalyptus is higher than compared to the incoming showers in the area.This imbalance inthe water cycle caused changes in the water table as well as the flow of water from the springs.On the other hand, itswood is of poor quality and having low market demand as well as domestic use.The precipitation shows -2 inches (-25.8 millimeters) decline per year in the winter season between 1995 and 2014, while the ratio of increase is 1.24inches (31.5 millimeters) in the summer months. Generally,the major share of annual precipitation was from the winterseason before 1995, but onward, it is in summer and the area dropped from humid to sub-humid climate.This seasonalfluctuation of rainfall and dryness of rock reservoirs has not only decreased the water table, but also caused changes inthe flow of water from the springs and rivers. The dryness of the wells after reduction in precipitation, generally leadsto the digging and intensive use of tube wells in the area. The study reveals that the dryness in spring has an aftereffecttotally of cultivation of Eucalyptus on the Raja Gira hill slopes and required mitigation to overcome the issue of wateravailability for the locals.

The effect of exposure to conspecifics on restlessness in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.H. King
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

AbstractWhen habitat quality is variable, there should be strong selection for the ability to detect and respond to the variation. Adult females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) are known to increase their restlessness (the proportion of time in locomotion) both during and after exposure to a poor quality host. Doing so provides a mechanism for leaving a poor host and potentially finding a better host. This study examined whether restlessness also changes in response to competition as indicated by the presence of adult conspecifics. Both restlessness and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment were greater when a female was with another female than when she was alone. However, restlessness did not remain elevated after the other female was removed. In contrast with females, restlessness of males did not increase either during or after exposure to other males, and the probability of dispersing across an inhospitable environment was unaffected by the presence of another male. The difference between females and males may be related to differences in dispersal ability and in the abundance and distribution of hosts versus mates.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

scholarly journals Multi-Decadal Trends and Variability in Temperature and Salinity in the Mid-Atlantic Bight, Georges Bank, and Gulf of Maine

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 163-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Wallace ◽  
Lev B. Looney ◽  
Donglai Gong
Keyword(s):  
River Discharge ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
The Other ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Decadal Scale

Increasing attention is being placed on the regional impact of climate change. This study focuses on the decadal scale variabilities of temperature and salinity in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB), Georges Bank (GB), and Gulf of Maine (GOM) from 1977 to 2016 using hydrographic survey data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Northeast Fisheries Science Center. The MAB (as defined by the shelf regions from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cod) experienced warming rates of 0.57 °C per decade during the Winter/Spring season (Jan–Apr) and 0.47 °C per decade during the Fall/Winter season (Sep–Dec). The GOM and GB, on the other hand, warmed at approximately half the rate of the MAB over the same time span (1977–2016). We found that rates of warming vary on decadal time scales. From 1977 to 1999, significant temperature increases (> 0.6 °C/decade) were found in the southern regions of the MAB during the Winter/Spring season. During the same period, significant freshening (stronger than– 0.2/decade) was found in GB and the northern regions of the MAB during the Winter/Spring and Summer seasons. From 1999 to 2016, on the other hand, we found no significant trends in temperature and few significant trends in salinity with the exceptions of some northern MAB regions showing significant salting. Interannual variability in shelf salinity can in part be attributed to river discharge variability in the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay. However, decadal scale change in shelf salinity cannot be attributed to changes in river discharge as there were no significant decadal scale changes in river outflow. Variability in along-shelf freshwater transport and saline intrusions from offshore were the likely drivers of long-term changes in MAB shelf-salinity.

scholarly journals Media Literasi: Upaya Bijak Menyikapi Terpaan Tayangan Televisi

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Wira Respati
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Passive Object ◽  
Business Orientation

The television media have transformed into industry. Tight competition among TV stations demands the media people to provide programs based on the market taste. Therefore, mostly TV stations design and produce their programs based on share and rating numbers, instead of quality. On the other side, TV stations have important roles in constructing social and cultural development. Currently, TV programs are merely produced based on the business orientation so that the quality of the TV programs is often ignored. Audience must be wise and smart to protect themselves from poor-quality TV programs exposure. This can be achieved by improving their Media Literacy. In the end, Audience is no longer treated as passive object, but actively takes control on the content selection. 

scholarly journals Modeling the irrigation requirements for an experimental site in Northern Alberta, Canada

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Rahbeh ◽  
David Chanasyk ◽  
Shane Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

A combined methodology of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM), the generation of stochastic rainfall realizations, and an historical meteorological record were used to determine the supplementary irrigation requirement for an experimental site located in northern Alberta. The site receives an annual rainfall of approximately 500 mm yr -1, and contains a fluctuating water table. The simulated results showed maximum irrigation requirements of 270 mm, however, half that amount can be required during an average or wet growing season of mean rainfall of 350 and 500 mm, respectively. The irrigation requirements were influenced by rainfall amount and distribution, downward flux and the subsequent fluctuation of the water table and the depth of water table at the beginning of the growing season, which was influenced by the winter season precipitation. The simulated results suggested that a water table less than 2 m deep from the ground surface can significantly reduce the irrigation requirements. Therefore, the winter precipitation and initial depth of the water table are suitable indicators of the likely requirement of irrigation during the growing season.

Application of Rainwater Garden in Economical Ecological Urban Landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 800-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Xuan ◽  
Hui Xuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Cyclic Utilization

With the acceleration of global sustainable development, the shortage of water resources especially the city has become the focus of attention in all countries since water is the key to build a resources-saving ecological city. The article improved the existing "rain garden" project and replenished the purification of the rain in order to realize the urban water cyclic utilization ,through recycling rainwater, which can manage rainstorm effectively , improve the urban water cycle system, as well as supply urban irrigation and underground water. Besides, the combination of urban landscape and stormwater management system, if widely accepted, will not only improve the urban water problem, but also improve the urban environment, alleviating the urban heat island effect and improving the local climate. It can shape a new resources-saving ecological city and then realize the sustainable development of resources.

scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

Response of chickpea varieties to boron application in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
MA Quddus ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
HM Naser ◽  
N Naher ◽  
F Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Four Levels

An experiment was conducted at Madaripur and Gazipur during rabi (winter) season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to determine the optimum dose of B for different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three varieties (BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8 and BARI Chola-9) and four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha-1) along with a blanket dose of N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1. Boron was applied as H3BO3. Results showed BARI Chola-9 with 1.5 kg B ha-1 produced the highest seed yield of 1338 kg ha- 1 at Madaripur and 2218 kg ha-1 at Gazipur. Nodulation, nitrogen (N) and protein contents were also found highest for the same variety and B treatment. The other two varieties (BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-8) also performed higher yield in the plot receiving 1.5 kg B ha-1 compared to 1 kg B ha-1 or 2 kg B ha-1 at both locations. The results suggest that BARI Chola-9 and 1.5 kg B ha-1 along with N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1 could be used for achieving higher yield of chickpea in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 543-556, December 2018

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