scholarly journals The False Wisdom of Tuition Based Ranking of Allied Health Programs: Is Your Program Affordable?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Little
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Physical Therapist Education ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lost Opportunity

Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the extent to which the ranking of programs based on total tuition cost changes when housing and program length were added to total tuition. Method: To accomplish this, the cost of tuition at 13 physical therapist education programs was compiled. Programs were ranked from most expensive to least expensive. The costs associated with housing, program length, and lost opportunity to earn wages were then added to total tuition. Programs were again ranked from most expensive to least expensive. Results: Regional differences in the cost of living and the total length of the program made a significant difference in the total cost of attending a program.Conclusions and Recommendations: Factors other than tuition may have a significant impact on the total cost of completing a program. Programs should consider how the length of the program and regional housing costs may affect the affordability of their program. Students should consider these other factors when comparing programs.

scholarly journals Costing out Educational Needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Noor Jehan ◽  
Muhammad Idris
Keyword(s):  
Rural Students ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Student ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Successful School ◽  
Grade One ◽  
The Cost

This study was undertaken for costing out education needs for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa based on location, gender, district and grade. The sample consisted of 778 schools, including 364 females and 414 males. The study used descriptive statistics for analysis. It was found that rural students get slightly less pocket money than urban students. The cost of average monthly stationery, uniform cost, teacher cost and total cost for urban student was higher than for rural students. District Haripur was found to be the most successful school district. It was further found that better results need good financing. The study also confirmed that the girl student cost is less than a boy student. It was also concluded that the pocket money on average increases with grade. There was no significant difference of stationery cost across grades while grade one and grade four students’ cost on uniform was slightly higher than other grades.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureteroscopy in terms of cost-effectiveness in patients with 10–30 mm renal stones

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Abdullah Erdoğan ◽  
Ercüment Keskin ◽  
Abdulsemet Altun
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Flexible Ureteroscopy ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Cost

Purpose: Kidney stones are one of the most common urological problems. When deciding on the method of treatment for this common disease, the cost of the procedure should also be taken into consideration. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 55 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 75 patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery between January 2016 and November 2018. Until operative success was achieved, all additional surgical procedures, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy procedures, and interventional procedures required to resolve complications were recorded. Total cost was compared between the percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery groups in terms of gender, mean age, stone side, stone localization and stone surface area. The total cost of 55 patients that underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy was calculated as US$14.766 after the first operation, and the total cost of 75 patients that underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery was determined to be US$46.627. The mean cost per patient was calculated US$320 ± US$186 for percutaneous nephrolithotomy and US$749 ± US$242 for retrograde intrarenal surgery (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a lower-cost and successful method in the surgical treatment of 1–3 cm stones, but the serious complications involved in this operation should be kept in mind.

Impact of coil price knowledge by the operator on the cost of aneurysm coiling. A single center study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanos Finitsis ◽  
Robert Fahed ◽  
Ian Gaulin ◽  
Daniel Roy ◽  
Alain Weill
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Aneurysm Embolization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aneurysm Coiling ◽  
Reference Cohort

BackgroundEndovascular treatment of aneurysms with coils is among the most frequent treatments in interventional neuroradiology, and represents an important expense. Each manufacturer has created several types of coils, with prices varying among brands and coil types. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cost awareness of the exact price of each coil by the operating physician on the total cost of aneurysm coiling.Materials and methodsThis was a comparative study conducted over 1 year in a single tertiary care center. The reference cohort and the experimental cohort consisted of all aneurysm embolization procedures performed during the first 6 months and the last 6 months, respectively. During the second period, physicians were given an information sheet with the prices of all available coils and were requested to look at the sheet during each procedure with the instruction to try to reduce the total cost of the coils used. Expenses related to the coiling procedures during each period were compared.Results77 aneurysms (39 ruptured) in the reference cohort and 73 aneurysms (36 ruptured) in the experimental cohort were treated, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference regarding aneurysm location and mean size. The overall cost of the coiling procedures, the mean number of coils used per procedure, and the median cost of each procedure did not differ significantly between the two cohorts.ConclusionAwareness of the precise price of coils by operators without any additional measure did not have a scientifically proven impact on the cost of aneurysm embolization.

scholarly journals COST EVALUATION OF STROKE THERAPY COMPARED TO INA-CBGs ON INPATIENTS AT ANUTAPURA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rinaldhi Tandah ◽  
Alwiyah Mukaddas ◽  
Dewi Angriani ◽  
Gaby Nathania Angela Mangoting
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Stroke Therapy ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTStroke is the third cause of death in the world after heart disease, cancer, and disability including disability categorized based on its severity: mild (I), moderate (II), and severe (III) severity. This study aims to determine the difference total cost of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke therapy, each, with INA-CBGs rates. The method of data collection was conducted retrospectively taken from medical record data, and on patient medical expenses. The subject were ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients hospitalized from 2016-2017 at Anutapura Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 134 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 68% were ischemic stroke patients and 32% were hemorrhagic stroke patients. The result of research showed that there were significant differences in costs (p <0.05) between hospital real costs and INA-CBGs rates. The average total real cost of treatment for ischemic stroke therapy was IDR 7,360,196.70 and the cost of the INA-CBGs was IDR 7,427,251.65 for 91 inpatients; and the average total cost of patients with hemorrhagic stroke therapy took IDR 10,606,834.34 with average of INA CBG’s rate at IDR 4,399,393.02 for 43 inpatients. The conclusion is both of stroke therapy proved significant difference compared to BPJS claimed amount of money.Keywords: pharmacoeconomic, cost analysis, ischemic stroke, haemorrhage stroke, INA-CBG’s rate.

scholarly journals Minority Applicants to Physical Therapist Education Programs 2010–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Nuciforo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Physical Therapist Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures ◽  
Therapist Education

Background In 2011–2012, despite comprising 35% of the US population, minorities comprised 20% of applicants to and 15% of enrolled students in accredited physical therapist education programs. Solutions aimed at addressing current disparities in health care may include educating physical therapists in environments reflecting the increasing diversity of the US population. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the underrepresented minority (URM) applicant pool to Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service (PTCAS) member programs and (2) to investigate differences in application patterns between white and URM applicants in 2010–2012, including total number of programs to which they applied, likelihood of applying out of state, and application to programs with minority faculties. Design This was a national, retrospective descriptive study. Methods De-identified data for 11,690 applicants in 2010–2011 and 13,462 applicants in 2011–2012 were obtained, including applicant demographics, selected metrics, and admission decisions. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with multiple comparison procedures (Tukey honestly significant difference test) were used to investigate differences between white and URM applicant metrics and application patterns. Results White applicants achieved significantly greater grade point average and Graduate Record Examination scores than Hispanic and African American applicants. Although there were no significant differences in the average number of programs applied to between white and URM applicants, Hispanic applicants were significantly more likely to apply to programs within their state of residence. Underrepresented minority applicants were significantly more likely to apply to programs with minority faculties. Limitations This study did not attempt to generalize the results beyond PTCAS institutions. Conclusions Hispanic applicants demonstrated a significantly increased likelihood of applying within their state of residence. Underrepresented minority applicants demonstrated a significantly greater tendency to apply to PTCAS member institutions with minority faculties.

scholarly journals Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199849
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
M Madhava ◽  
Suchitra S Patil ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
K. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

Impact of Faculty and Programmatic Resources on the Proportion of Academic Doctoral Degrees in Professional Physical Therapist Education Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Dickson ◽  
Beth Deschenes ◽  
Peggy Gleeson ◽  
Jason Zafereo
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Doctoral Degree ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Doctoral Degrees ◽  
Physical Therapist Education ◽  
Core Faculty ◽  
Therapist Education

Abstract Objective The Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education has introduced a requirement that 50% of core faculty members in a physical therapist education program have an academic doctoral degree, which many programs are not currently meeting. Competition between programs for prestige and resources may explain the discrepancy of academic achievement among faculty despite accreditation standards. The purpose of this study was to identify faculty and program characteristics that are predictive of programs having a higher percentage of faculty with academic doctoral degrees. Methods Yearly accreditation data from 231 programs for a 10-year period were used in a fixed-effects panel analysis. Results For a 1 percentage point increase in the number of core faculty members, a program can expect a decline in academic doctoral degrees by 14% with all other variables held constant. For a 1% increase in either reported total cost or expenses per student, a program could expect a 7% decline in academic doctoral degrees with all other variables held constant. Programs that have been accredited for a longer period of time could expect to have proportionately more faculty members with academic doctoral degrees. Conclusions Programs may be increasing their core faculty size to allow faculty with academic doctoral degrees to focus on scholarly productivity. The percentage of faculty with academic doctoral degrees declines as programs increase tuition and expenditures, but this may be due to programs’ tendency to stratify individuals (including part-time core faculty) into teaching- and research-focused efforts to maximize their research prowess and status. Impact This study illuminates existing relationships between physical therapist faculty staffing, time spent in research versus teaching, and program finances. The results of this study should be used to inform higher education policy initiatives aimed to lower competitive pressures and the costs of professional education.

scholarly journals A Threat of Farmers’ Suicide and the Opportunity in Organic Farming for Sustainable Agricultural Development in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Mariappan ◽  
Deyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost

Agriculture is the main sources of income for humans. Likewise, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. In India, Tamil Nadu regional state has a wide range of possibilities to produce all varieties of organic products due to its diverse agro-climatic condition. This research aimed to identify the economics and efficiency of organic farming, and the possibilities to reduce farmers’ suicides in the Tamil Nadu region through the organic agriculture concept. The emphasis was on farmers, producers, researchers, and marketers entering the sustainable economy through organic farming by reducing input cost and high profit in cultivation. A survey was conducted to gather data. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to test the hypothesis regards the cost and profit of rice production. The results showed that there was a significant difference in profitability between organic and conventional farming methods. It is very transparent that organic farming is the leading concept of sustainable agricultural development with better organic manures that can improve soil fertility, better yield, less input cost and better return than conventional farming. The study suggests that by reducing the cost of cultivation and get a marginal return through organic farming method to poor and small scale farmers will reduce socio-economic problems such as farmers’ suicides in the future of Indian agriculture.

scholarly journals Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽  
Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽  
Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽  
Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Detection Coverage ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

Microfracture for the Treatment of Symptomatic Cartilage Lesions of the Knee: A Survey of International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352095450
Author(s):  
Jesus Medina ◽  
Ignacio Garcia-Mansilla ◽  
Peter D. Fabricant ◽  
Thomas J. Kremen ◽  
Seth L. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Cartilage Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Joint Repair ◽  
Vertical Walls

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the current practice trends for managing symptomatic cartilage lesions of the knee with microfracture among ICRS (International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Repair Society) members. Design A 42-item electronic questionnaire was sent to all ICRS members, which explored indications, surgical technique, postoperative management, and outcomes of the microfracture procedure for the treatment of symptomatic, full thickness chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee. Responses were compared between surgeons from different regions and years of practice. Results A total of 385 surgeons answered the questionnaire. There was a significant difference noted in the use of microfracture among surgeons by region ( P < 0.001). There was no association between the number of years in practice and the self-reported proportion of microfracture cases performed ( P = 0.37). Fifty-eight subjects (15%) indicated that they do not perform microfracture at all. Regarding indication for surgery, 56% of surgeons would limit their indication of microfracture to lesions measuring 2 cm2 or less. Half of the surgeons reported no upper age or body mass index limit. Regarding surgical technique, 90% of surgeons would recommend a formal debridement of the calcified layer and 91% believe it is important to create stable vertical walls. Overall, 47% of surgeons use biologic augmentation, with no significant difference between regions ( P = 0.35) or years of practice ( P = 0.67). Rehabilitation protocols varied widely among surgeons. Conclusions Indications, operative technique, and rehabilitation protocols utilized for patients undergoing microfracture procedures vary widely among ICRS members. Regional differences and resources likely contribute to these practice pattern variations.

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