scholarly journals Causes of Rural-Urban Migration and Its Effect on Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riffat Rehman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The important theme of the current research is to investigate the causes of migration and its effect on quality of life. The main objective of the study was to see the effect of migration on household income in rural areas of Punjab-Pakistan especially in district vehari. A total of 322 sampled respondents were purposively interviewed. The study indicates that about 71% of the total respondents migrated with their families during the period (2008-2017). The study revealed that, quality of education, and employment and family conflict were observed as major causes of rural-urban migration. Due to non-parametric distribution of data Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to see before and after effect of migration on household income and expenditures. To check the hypothesis regression analysis has been conducted. The Moreover, after migration the monthly income and expenditure of the respondents increased. The earning members of 66.8% of the respondents increased after migration. The joint families were scattered in to nuclear family. Before migration business were the main occupation of about 42% of the respondents while after migration most of them were engaged with private jobs and some have their own business. The education ratio of 85.3% of the respondents increased with migration. Positive changes have been observed in pre and post facilities under consideration. It is concluded from the result that education was the major cause that enhance the quality of life. It is recommended that basic facilities like education, health and creation of off-farm jobs, improved training opportunities and development programs should be provided to rural peoples. It also depicts several empirical studies conducted in different countries.

scholarly journals Then Effects of rural-urban migration on economic status of rural residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Thiengtham Keopasith ◽  
Shen Neng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

The study examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents. The study utilized a mixed-methods research approach to collect and analyze data, first, data were collected through a questionnaire from households whose family members migrated to urban centers, and interviews were held with various heads of villages in the study area. The study reveals that the majority of the migrants were able-bodied youth who migrated to urban centers to seek employment and education. Migrants’ families at places of origin benefited from migration of their own relations to urban centers mainly through remittances which enabled them to improve their livelihood as the remittances were spent on daily consumption and investment into business activities. The study recommends that government should formulate policies that would create employment for citizens in rural areas, and encourage the private sector to build industries in rural areas to prevent rural-urban migration. Government and the private sector should also empower rural farmers through the promotion of markets for farm produce in order to improve the income of rural farmers, reduce poverty, improve the quality of life and well-being, increase their happiness, satisfaction, and minimize rural-urban migration. The study findings are limited to developing countries where rural-urban migration is a challenge due to the generally low quality of life in rural areas. Further research on the effects of rural-urban migration on the economic status of rural residents should involve a quantitative analysis of the impact of remittances by migrants on poverty reduction in rural areas.

Impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of patients operated on at the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Carlos Mena Canata ◽  
Rebeca Noemí Ruiz Vallejos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of adenotonsillectomy on the quality of life of postoperative patients.The study is observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective. The files of all postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients in Otorhinolaryngology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, San Lorenzo Paraguay. The Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire (OSA 18) was applied, asking patients about symptoms before and after surgery. An effective sample of 143 postoperative patients was obtained. The average age was 6.05 ± 2.08 years, 55.10% (81) were male and 44.89% (66) were female, 65.30% (96) were from urban areas and 34.69% (51) from the rural areas. The t test was performed for means of two paired samples, comparing the results of the Obstructive sleep apnea – 18 questionnaire surveys before and after surgery which presented a significant difference (p <0.05) with a tendency to improve the quality of life after surgery. It has been shown that there is a significant difference, a considerable improvement in the quality of life of patients after adenotonsillectomy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Quality of Life and Nasal Symptoms in Chronic Rhinitis Patients Between Before and After Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Malinee Tongdee ◽  
Nichapha Dechapaphapitak ◽  
Thanuchporn Kafaksom ◽  
Umaporn Udomsubpayakul ◽  
Chamard Wongsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Chronic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Background: Chronic rhinitis is a common disease which impacts the quality of life. The symptom of diseases could be controlled after treatment. However, the difference in the quality of life and symptoms after 3 months of treatment is not documented. Objective: To compare the quality of life in chronic rhinitis patients before and at 3 months after treatment. Methods: Prospective study in new cases of chronic rhinitis patients at adult allergy clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital, from August 2017 to March 2018. Assessment of quality of life and nasal symptoms was performed by using the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF36) and the rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaires (RCQ36). Descriptive statistic, t test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were applied in the data analysis. Results: Of 127 patients, 65.4% were female. Chronic rhinitis was classified as allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, and unspecified rhinitis in 72.4%, 18.9%, and 8.7%, respectively. The result of the study showed that there was statistically significant improvement in the quality of life (SF36 and RCQ36 ) and the decrease of nasal and other symptoms score after 3 months of period treatment in chronic rhinitis patients (P < .05). Conclusions: The improvement in the quality of life (SF36 and RCQ36) and the decrease in nasal and other symptoms were documented after 3 months of treatment in chronic rhinitis patients. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Program Empathic Caring Consultation terhadap Professional Quality of Life Pada Psikolog

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Anya Asbar ◽  
Maya Khairani ◽  
Marty Mawarpury
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Professional Quality Of Life ◽  
Professional Quality ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

This study aims to determine the effect of the Empathic Caring Consultation (ECC) program on Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) in psychologists. This study involved seven psychologists. The research sample was taken using purposive sampling method. The research method used was one group pretest-post test design. ProQOL is measured using the Professional Quality of Life Version V scale, while the implementation of ECC training refers to the concept of Prawitasari. Analysis using Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a significant value (p) = 0.340 (BO); 0.932 (STS); 0.496 (CS) (p> 0.05). The results of the study showed that there was no effect of the ECC program on ProQOL on psychologists. This is because there are several variations of the three ProQOL components before and after treatment.

scholarly journals Impact of Hearing Aids on Poverty, Quality of Life and Mental Health in Guatemala: Results of a before and after Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Spreckley ◽  
David Macleod ◽  
Brenda González Trampe ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Hannah Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before And After Study

There are 466 million people globally with disabling hearing loss, many of whom can benefit from hearing aids. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of providing hearing aids on poverty, mental health, quality of life, and activities, among adults in Guatemala. A nonrandomised before and after study was conducted, with a comparison group to assess for secular trends. Adult cases with bilateral hearing impairment were identified within 150 km of Guatemala City, as well as age- and sex-matched comparison subjects without disabling hearing loss. All participants were interviewed with a semistructured questionnaire, and cases were offered hearing aids. Participants were reinterviewed 6–9 months later. We interviewed 135 cases and 89 comparison subjects at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, cases were poorer than comparison subjects with respect to individual income (p = 0.01), household income (p = 0.02), and per capita expenditure (PCE) (p = 0.003). After provision of hearing aids, median household income improved among cases (p = 0.03). In the comparison group, median individual income (p = 0.01) and PCE (p = 0.03) fell between baseline at follow-up. At follow-up, there were also improvements in productive time use, quality of life, and depressive symptoms among cases, but these were less apparent in the comparison group. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a positive effect of hearing aids in improving quality of life, economic circumstances and mental health among Guatemalan adults.

Rural-Urban Migration of Food Security and Nutrition: African Studies Over a Decade

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
QUEEN EZENWANYI IWUNZE ◽  
PRINCE CHIKWERE
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The quest for improved livelihoods and better education among the broader reasons cause individuals and sometimes a whole nuclear family to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. Migration presents with its concerns including food security, nutrition and health. This paper reviews exclusively, though not exhaustive, studies conducted in Africa from 2010 to 2019. Google Scholar and PubMed Central were searched for studies on rural-urban migration and food (in) security and/or health and/or nutrition. Movement of humans is a cause of food insecurity. This food insecurity affects both rural households and urban households, but in different ways. Improvement in food security in the rural areas and urban areas should be done differently and not a one-fit-all approach. The population growth should be checked and significant improvements made in agriculture, in the urban and rural areas.

scholarly journals Personality traits, psychosocial effects and quality of life of patients submitted to dental bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elize Bonafé ◽  
Márcia Rezende ◽  
Marina Molinari Machado ◽  
Suellen Nogueira Linares Lima ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Clinical Registry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Perception is defined as the ability to distinguish through the senses. All perception is dependent on factors such as personality, previously lived experiences and cultural elements. When planning an aesthetic treatment, consider the way the patients perceive the changes and outcomes is essential for reaching their expectations. The objective of this study was to assess if there was predominance of a personality trait of patient undergoing dental bleaching and if this treatment could promote changes in this traits, in the psychosocial impact and quality of life of these individuals. Methods The assessment of personality characteristics, quality of life, psychosocial and self-perception was a cross-sectional observational study and it was carried out by applying questionnaires to 55 patients that were submitted to a clinical phase. The psychometric instruments used were NEO FFI-R (personality), PIDAQ (psychosocial effect) and WHOQOL-BREF (quality of life). Each test domain was prior and after bleaching by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (α = 0.05). The internal consistencies of each scale were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Results No statistical significant differences among personality traits means were observed among participants but there was predominance of two predominant personality traits in this study: conscientiousness (45.5%) and extraversion (34.5%). In four test domains of the PIDAQ, significant differences were observed before and after dental bleaching. The overall perception of the PIDAQ was also statistically significant demonstrating an improvement. There were no differences on overall or specific domains scores of the WHOQOL before and after treatment. Conclusions Subjects who underwent dental treatment improved their self-confidence and reduced concerns about dental aesthetics, social and personality impact of dental alterations. Trial registration This study was conducted in parallel to a clinical investigation that aimed to evaluate tooth sensitivity related to dental bleaching technique and registered in REBEC clinical registry under protocol RBR-6pt2n3 in 13 November 2013.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE GYNECOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON THE PATIENTS' QUALITY OF LIFE

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Ekaterine Isakidi ◽  
Otar Vasadze
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Goal:The final goal of the medical intervention is to improve the patient's quality of life.This descriptive study evaluates the impact of the gynecological interventions on the patient's quality of life.As well as it evaluates the quality of life based on objective and subjective criteria, the identification and determination of which is very important for the accurate determination of the patient's quality of life before and after the medical intervention. Methods: The questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) consisting of 26 questions and evaluating 4 dimensions of quality of life: physical health, mental state, social relations and the environment, was used in this study.It should be noted that the questionnaire was translated into Georgian within the frame of this study. The Data Statistics Program was implemented through SPSS 24.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. Results: The study was conducted in 2020 in three medical institutions in 2 stages, before and after the gynecological interventions. 225 patients were interviewed in the first stage and 188 patients in the second stage. 27.1% (61) of the study participants were patients aged 18- 35, 51.6% (116) were aged 35-54, and 21.3% (48) were patients aged 55 and older

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Migration of Food Security and Nutrition: African Studies Over a Decade

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
QUEEN EZENWANYI IWUNZE ◽  
PRNCE CHIKWERE
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The quest for improved livelihoods and better education among the broader reasons cause individuals and sometimes a whole nuclear family to migrate from rural areas to urban areas. Migration presents with its concerns including food security, nutrition and health. This paper reviews exclusively, though not exhaustive, studies conducted in Africa from 2010 to 2019. Google Scholar and PubMed Central were searched for studies on rural-urban migration and food (in) security and/or health and/or nutrition. Movement of humans is a cause of food insecurity. This food insecurity affects both rural households and urban households, but in different ways. Improvement in food security in the rural areas and urban areas should be done differently and not a one-fit-all approach. The population growth should be checked and significant improvements made in agriculture, in the urban and rural areas.

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