CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF VLOGGING IN PAKISTAN: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF POPULAR VLOGS

This research is aimed to study the contemporary trends of VLogging in Pakistan in light of audience engagement. Using the quantitative content analysis approach, the themes of the most popular VLog channels and video blogs were to be determined. The sample is selected with Purposive Sampling Techniques, which allowed the researchers to study the fifty most popular VLogs produced by Pakistani VLoggers. This research study proved to be significant in understanding the ongoing impact of VLogs as a medium in Pakistan and its future scope in the country's multifaceted media industry. With such results, it is to be determined whether VLogs can be used to effectively disseminate the information and, if they can, in what direction they are creating the most impact.

MEANINGFUL LEADERSHIP: HOW CAN LEADER CONTRIBUTE TO MEANINGFUL WORK? THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COOPERATIVENESS

This study observes the query of how leader can contribute to meaningful work. How leader can contribute to their own meaningful work and also for their employees. The basic drive of this research is to explore the effect of meaningful leadership, through cooperativeness of employees how leader can subsidize to their meaningful work. Data were collected through online survey in this pandemic condition. A descriptive cross sectional survey strategy was used for this research. The data for this study were taken from public and private organizations. A 302 online questionnaires were sent among different respondents. A close ended questionnaire used for this research that is related to leaders. A cross sectional quantitative research (close ended questions) design was adopted. A purposive sampling technique was used for this research. A generally result of this study is that mediating variable cooperativeness strengthen the relationship between independent variable of meaningful leadership and dependent variable of meaningful work When meaningful leader fully collaborate with their employees and the leader of organization is supportive than employee become more satisfied, motivated, and inspired and committed with their meaningful work.

WHO THREATENS JOURNALISTS IN PAKISTAN AND WHY? : AN ANALYSIS OF CONFESSIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF WORKING JOURNALISTS

Free press works as watchdog to guard the freedom of expression but legal and societal protection and respect is predestined to sustain. In democratic societies, societal pressures, economical persuasions, political and ideological dilemmas and the parasitism of national interests while the ruler’s ego, ruling interests and challenges of authorities in dictatorial regimes, are the areas bring to bear threats for journalists. A number of national and international studies proclaim press in Pakistan as not or partial free but don’t estimate the agents and their surreptitious ends which this study is aimed to dig out and locate using base line survey in consultation with working journalists all around the country, providing equal opportunity to respond the close ended questionnaire constructed under Likert’s Scale and Guttmann Scale on applicability’s priorities. The study also investigates senior journalists to explore the criterion more in depth. The results lead to generalize the conclusion and provide with significant roadmap of policy making and evoke further research in the relevant areas.

Causes of Rural-Urban Migration and Its Effect on Quality of Life

The important theme of the current research is to investigate the causes of migration and its effect on quality of life. The main objective of the study was to see the effect of migration on household income in rural areas of Punjab-Pakistan especially in district vehari. A total of 322 sampled respondents were purposively interviewed. The study indicates that about 71% of the total respondents migrated with their families during the period (2008-2017). The study revealed that, quality of education, and employment and family conflict were observed as major causes of rural-urban migration. Due to non-parametric distribution of data Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to see before and after effect of migration on household income and expenditures. To check the hypothesis regression analysis has been conducted. The Moreover, after migration the monthly income and expenditure of the respondents increased. The earning members of 66.8% of the respondents increased after migration. The joint families were scattered in to nuclear family. Before migration business were the main occupation of about 42% of the respondents while after migration most of them were engaged with private jobs and some have their own business. The education ratio of 85.3% of the respondents increased with migration. Positive changes have been observed in pre and post facilities under consideration. It is concluded from the result that education was the major cause that enhance the quality of life. It is recommended that basic facilities like education, health and creation of off-farm jobs, improved training opportunities and development programs should be provided to rural peoples. It also depicts several empirical studies conducted in different countries.

IMPACT OF FM RADIO ON THE AUDIENCE IN SMALL CITY

Mass media is immensely dominating the life in the 21st century. With the passage of time, the role mass media has diversified; from being a mere tool for disseminating news, mass media has become a watchdog and opinion-makers. It has become a powerful agent of inducing social change. Globalization, the greater connectivity, cultural exchange over continents and the pacing up of social development in the Third World countries are some of the consequences of the application of mass media. Pakistan, among the Third World countries, has greatly employed mass media to facilitate the development and growth in its far-flung remote areas. Mass media has played an evident role in beefing up the social developments in small-town, remote cities that suffer from inaccessibility often due to weather, landscape or political turbulence. The city of Quetta, the capital of the province of Balochistan is one such where FM radio, the cheapest and easiest source of communication enjoys vast popularity. This study is conducted to explore the aspects in which FM radio as a source of communication has facilitated the people of Quetta. It also studies the utilities of FM radio in Quetta and hence what factors have caused the FM radio's popularity in Quetta to surpass the popularity of other mediums of communication. A survey with a close-ended questionnaire was conducted in which the respondents were asked about their reasons for listening radio and how many hours of the day they listen to the radio. The results concluded from the study showed that radio is equally popular in people of every age group but each age group has different utilities attached to the radio. Young people listen for entertainment purpose while people from middle age groups listen to the radio for news and current affairs programs. The housewives too listen to the radio for daily household tips. It was also ascertained that its easy availability on mobile phones, free of cost and less dependence on electricity for operation are the reasons behind its popularity in Quetta city. I hope that my research work on this particular topic will be helpful upcoming media studies students. It will also be a humble contribution from my side.