scholarly journals LYME BORRELIOSIS IN NORTH BACKA DISTRICT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Dragica Kovačević Berić ◽  
Tibor Molnar ◽  
Morana Miković ◽  
Sara Savić
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Moderate Climate

Lyme disease is the most common vector borne disease in regions with moderate climate. The cause of the disease is Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi s.l.), whereas infection is spread via bite from a tick carrying the causative agent. The objective of this work is the examination of descriptive-epidemiological characteristics of Lyme disease in North Backa region in the period from 2012 to 2016. In terms of classifi cation, Lyme dis-ease does not fall into the category of diseases that must be reported when infection occurs among animals. The average rate of incidence in humans during the observed five-year period is 7/100.000. Th e highest incidence of this disease among humans was observed in 2013 (In 12.2/100,000) with 22 reported cases, whereas the lowest incidence was in 2015 (In 5.0/100,000) with 9 reported cases. The highest rate of incidence was recorded in Bačka Topola municipality – 15.9/100.000; followed by Mali Iđoš with 7.2/100.000; while the lowest rate was recorded in Subotica being 5.0 cases per 100,000 residents. Th e presence of the disease was confi rmed in all patients via labo-ratory (serological) tests. Women were more likely to become infected, with the male-female patient ratio being 41%-59%. The disease was documented predominantly among people aged 50-69. The majority of cases were re-corded during spring and summer, in the period from May to June (71%). Among animals, the disease was documented in Subotica and Mali Iđoš municipality, with average prevalence rates among dogs and horses being 0.07%; and 1.52% respectively. Subotica municipality has the most accurate records of cases and a prevalence of 0.06% among dogs, and 1.43% among horses, while Mali Iđoš municipality has higher prevalence, being 2.99% among horses and 0.14% among dogs. The highest occurrence of Lyme disease among animals was documented in 2015, with a prevalence of 2.85% among horses. The presence of causative agents among examined ticks in Mali Iđoš municipality was 16.28% on average, predominantly in 2015 (in 21.21% of examined ticks).

scholarly journals Association between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Lyme Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Klaudia Sowula ◽  
Joanna Szaleniec ◽  
Kamila Stolcman ◽  
Piotr Ceranowicz ◽  
Sebastian Kocoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Possible Cause

Objectives: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or more over at least three adjacent audiometric frequencies occurring within a 72-h period of time. One of the causes of SSNHL could be the progressive inflammatory state caused by an infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SSNHL caused by various factors, most importantly those potentially related to Lyme disease. Material and Methods: The study includes a group of 86 patients between the ages of 20 and 70 who were hospitalized due to SSNHL between 2017 and 2018. All of these patients underwent a detailed medical interview and an otolaryngological examination, including audiological and diagnostic tests. Additionally, ELISA and Western blot tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease. Results: In this group of 86 patients, nine patients presented with positive antibodies toward Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. This group was treated with antibiotics and experienced partial or complete regression of their deafness. This may suggest a relationship between SSNHL and Lyme disease. Conclusion: Infections caused by Borrelia burgdorferi may contribute to the development of inflammatory and angiopathic lesions, which are a possible cause of SSNHL. The longer the duration of the infection, the greater the likelihood of permanent and irreversible changes in the vessels of the cochlea or auditory nerve. Therefore, serological tests for Borrelia burgdorferi should be performed during the diagnosis of SSNHL as a possible cause of this illness.

scholarly journals Vaccination against Lyme disease caused by diverse Borrelia burgdorferi.

1995 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fikrig ◽  
S R Telford ◽  
R Wallich ◽  
M Chen ◽  
Y Lobet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Natural Mode ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Vector Borne

Diversity and mutations in the genes for outer surface proteins (Osps) A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi), the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, suggests that a monovalent OspA or OspB vaccine may not provide protection against antigenically variable naturally occurring B. burgdorferi. We now show that OspA or OspB immunizations protect mice from tick-borne infection with heterogeneous B. burgdorferi from different geographic regions. This result is in distinct contrast to in vitro killing analyses and in vivo protection studies using syringe injections of B. burgdorferi as the challenge inoculum. Evaluations of vaccine efficacy against Lyme disease and other vector-borne infections should use the natural mode of transmission and not be predicated on classification systems or assays that do not rely upon the vector to transmit infection.

scholarly journals A non-traumatic, blue-purple auricle: case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sewnaik ◽  
J Kamarashev ◽  
N S Peters ◽  
J B van Rijswijk
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

AbstractObjective:We report a typical case of earlobe lymphocytoma.Method:A case report and literature review are presented.Results:A 10-year-old girl presented with a blue-coloured earlobe. A diagnosis of Lyme disease was confirmed by serological tests. Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.Conclusion:The diagnostic process and ENT symptomatology of Lyme disease and borrelial lymphocytoma are summarised and discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from the Ternopil region in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Weiner ◽  
Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak ◽  
Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak ◽  
Dorota Plewik ◽  
Anna Pańczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Afzelii ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Developmental Form

AbstractIntroductionLyme borreliosis/Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and is one of the most common vector-borne diseases transmitted by ticks.Material and MethodsA total of 136 Ixodes ricinus ticks, collected in the Ternopil (Ukraine) region, including 126 adults (70 females and 56 males), and 10 nymphs were examined. The identification of the species and their developmental form was based on morphological characteristics.ResultsPCR with B5S-Bor and 23S-Bor primers resulted in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA amplification among six ticks (4.4%). The detailed analysis based on the DNA sequencing showed the presence of DNA of Borrelia afzelii in four samples; the remaining two represented Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, although their genospecies were not determined. The research confirmed the dominance of Borrelia afzelii genospecies in the ticks from Ukraine.ConclusionIt seems reasonable to undertake similar research in ticks from other regions of Ukraine. Knowledge in this field can be useful for public health and planning the prevention of tick-borne diseases.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Milholland ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Robyn M Nadolny ◽  
Andrias Hojgaard ◽  
Erika T Machtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.

scholarly journals The Brilliance of Borrelia: Mechanisms of Host Immune Evasion by Lyme Disease-Causing Spirochetes

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Cassidy Anderson ◽  
Catherine A. Brissette
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance

Lyme disease (LD) has become the most common vector-borne illness in the northern hemisphere. The causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is capable of establishing a persistent infection within the host. This is despite the activation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. B. burgdorferi utilizes several immune evasion tactics ranging from the regulation of surface proteins, tick saliva, antimicrobial peptide resistance, and the disabling of the germinal center. This review aims to cover the various methods by which B. burgdorferi evades detection and destruction by the host immune response, examining both the innate and adaptive responses. By understanding the methods employed by B. burgdorferi to evade the host immune response, we gain a deeper knowledge of B. burgdorferi pathogenesis and Lyme disease, and gain insight into how to create novel, effective treatments.

scholarly journals A broad-range survey of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in small mammals in Yunnan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihai He ◽  
Baogui Jiang ◽  
Zihou Gao ◽  
Zongti Shao ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background: Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (BBSL), is commonly found in wild and domestic mammals worldwide. In China, human cases of B. burgdorferi infections have been identified across a wide distribution, but little direct surveillance of potential small mammal reservoirs has been performed in Yunnan Province, a tropical region in southwestern China. Here we report a thorough investigation of BBSL in small mammals collected from 2011 to 2016 from this region.Methods: Small mammals were captured using snap traps in 23 counties located in Yunnan Province. DNA was extracted from spleen tissue using DNA blood and tissue kits. A nested PCR targeting the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer gene of BBSL was used for pathogen detection. Amplicons of 252bp expected sizes were sequenced directly and analyzed using BLAST algorithm. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software and statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS version 17.0.Results: Overall, 3659 mammals belonging to 57 species were captured at 159 sample sites located in 23 counties in Yunnan Province. Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. was found in 146 mammals (3.99%), from 30 different species, 20 of which represent the first reported detection in that species. Sequence analysis revealed five genotypes of B. burgdorferi s.l., including B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. japonica, B. garinii and B. valaisiana.Conclusions: Significant differences in prevalence rates of BBSL were observed at varying landscape types and altitudes. Small mammals in forested areas had higher prevalence rates than other landscape types, as did small mammals found at altitudes greater than 2500 meters. The five genotypes of BBSL detected, suggests high genetic diversity within this province.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Disulfiram Drug Combinations and Identification of Other More Effective Combinations against Stationary Phase Borrelia burgdorferi

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Alvarez-Manzo ◽  
Yumin Zhang ◽  
Wanliang Shi ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Possible Cause

Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in USA, and 10–20% of patients will develop persistent symptoms despite treatment (“post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome”). B. burgdorferi persisters, which are not killed by the current antibiotics for Lyme disease, are considered one possible cause. Disulfiram has shown to be active against B. burgdorferi, but its activity against persistent forms is not well characterized. We assessed disulfiram as single drug and in combinations against stationary-phase B. burgdorferi culture enriched with persisters. Disulfiram was not very effective in the drug exposure experiment (survival rate (SR) 46.3%) or in combinations. Clarithromycin (SR 41.1%) and nitroxoline (SR 37.5%) were equally effective when compared to the current Lyme antibiotic cefuroxime (SR 36.8%) and more active than disulfiram. Cefuroxime + clarithromycin (SR 25.9%) and cefuroxime + nitroxoline (SR 27.5%) were significantly more active than cefuroxime + disulfiram (SR 41.7%). When replacing disulfiram with clarithromycin or nitroxoline in three-drug combinations, bacterial viability decreased significantly and subculture studies showed that combinations with these two drugs (cefuroxime + clarithromycin/nitroxoline + furazolidone/nitazoxanide) inhibited the regrowth, while disulfiram combinations did not (cefuroxime + disulfiram + furazolidone/nitazoxanide). Thus, clarithromycin and nitroxoline should be further assessed to determine their role as potential treatment alternatives in the future.

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