IZAZOVI I KAPACITETI JAVNOG UPRAVLjANjA U ZEMLjAMA BRIKS-A

Glasnik prava ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2) ◽  
pp. 69-93
Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić ◽  

In the last decade, the BRICS countries have undoubtedly become the epicenter of global economic growth. However, dissatisfaction with the modernization process has led to the emergence of a new concept: public governance. Politically, BRICS is made up of three democracies (including the largest in the world, India), a totalitarian regime (China) and a nation characterized by significant authoritarian tendencies (Russia). Several issues that are important to the BRICS member states for the coming period concern the stability of constitutional systems, anti-terrorist efforts, accounting for corruption and security. The BRICS countries have relatively well-developed institutional and legal frameworks necessary to foster the rule of law regime. However, strong corruption and political indulgence have led to erosion in political, economic and legal institutions, a weakening of judicial independence and a lack of democratic accountability. For the success of the BRICS countries, strengthening the rule of law is more critical than ever for further economic progress, which is a long-term process and requires adequate measures to be taken to ensure respect for the principle of superiority of law, equality before the law, responsibility under the law, fairness in the application of the law, division of power, participation, legal certainty in decision making, avoidance of arbitrariness and procedural and legal transparency.

Author(s):  
Wicipto Setiadi

<p>Konstitusi menyatakan bahwa negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum. Ketentuan tersebut mengandung makna bahwa hukum merupakan sesuatu yang supreme . Dengan supremasi hukum diharapkan lahir ketertiban ( order ) atau tata kehidupan masyarakat yang harmonis dan berkeadilan sehingga hukum dapat berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas negara. Dari empat belas tahun pasca reformasi Indonesia, pembangunan hukum menjadi salah satu agenda utama, namun Indonesia belum mampu keluar dari berbagai persoalan hukum, dan bahkan terjebak ke dalam ironi sebagai salah satu negara paling korup. Penelitian yang mengangkat permasalahan tentang kondisi penegakan hukum saat ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa prestasi penegakan hukum mulai terlihat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, meskipun masih juga terlihat beberapa masalah di berbagai sisi. Satu satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam pelaksanakan pembangunan hukum, yaitu hukum harus dipahami dan dikembangkan sebagai satu kesatuan sistem yang di dalamnya terdapat elemen kelembagaan, elemen materi hukum, dan elemen budaya hukum.</p><p>The Constitution declare that Indonesia is a state of law. Provision implies that the law is something that is supreme. With the rule of law is expected to appear order or a harmonious society and justice so that law can play a role in maintaining the stability of the country. Of the fourteen years of post-reform Indonesia, development of the law became one of the main agenda, but Indonesia has not been able to get out of a variety of legal issues, and even stuck to the irony as one of the most corrupt countries. The research raised issues about the current state of law enforcement is being carried out by using literature methods. From the research shows that achievement of law enforcement began to appear in recent years, although it is also seen some problems on the various sides. One of the important things that must be considered in implementing the construction of the law, the law must be understood and developed as an integrated system in which there is institutional elements, elements of legal substance, and legal culture elements.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-201
Author(s):  
Yury Fogelson ◽  
Dmitry Poldnikov

The rule of law, understood as ideology and legal rules, is believed to be a competitive advantage of Western civilization, supporting its sustainable development. Yet it can also be viewed as a social norm of citizens who respect the law and follow its commands. How does this social norm emerge in different societies? This question must be answered through the social history of the law in Western and non-Western societies from a comparative perspective. This paper outlines the main features of comparative socio-legal history and tests it on some significant historical examples. In the first part of the article, the authors propose a functional classification of legal systems into three ideal Weberian types-the law of judges, learned law, and the law of the authorities. It allows us to consider the origin of the social norm of the rule of law. In the second part of the article, the authors trace the transition from the ideal types to natural legal systems and identify the factors that determine the stability of the social norm of the rule of law where it originated. In the final part of the article, the authors conclude that, first, the social norm of the rule of law emerged in the societies where the law had been treated either as a means of resolving disputes (the law of judges) or as the rules of fair, correct conduct (learned law), for example, the Roman Republic, medieval England, continental Europe, and the Ottoman Empire. Secondly, the stability of the social norm of the rule of law seems to be explained by a "triangle" of factors, namely: 1) political competition where all participants understand the inevitability of compromise on the basis of the law, 2) law which is suitable for finding a compromise due to its internal merits, 3) a professional community of jurists who develop and apply law independently of the administration. Such a triangle is possible in any society where the law of judges or learned law prevails and where the majority of participants in the political process are ready to compromise based on the current law. / JEL Classification: K 10; K 11; K 12


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-93
Author(s):  
Dmitry Poldnikov ◽  
Yuriy Fogelson

The rule of law, understood as ideology and legal rules, is believed to be a competitive advantage of Western civilization, supporting its sustainable development. Yet it can also be viewed as a social norm of citizens who respect the law and follow its commands. How does this social norm emerge in different societies? This question must be answered through the social history of the law in Western and non-Western societies from a comparative perspective. This paper outlines the main features of comparative socio-legal history and tests it on some significant historical examples. In the first part of the article, the authors propose a functional classification of legal systems into three ideal Weberian types–the law of judges, learned law, and the law of the authorities. It allows us to consider the origin of the social norm of the rule of law. In the second part of the article, the authors trace the transition from the ideal types to natural legal systems and identify the factors that determine the stability of the social norm of the rule of law where it originated. In the final part of the article, the authors conclude that, first, the social norm of the rule of law emerged in the societies where the law had been treated either as a means of resolving disputes (the law of judges) or as the rules of fair, correct conduct (learned law), for example, the Roman Republic, medieval England, continental Europe, and the Ottoman Empire. Secondly, the stability of the social norm of the rule of law seems to be explained by a “triangle” of factors, namely: 1) political competition where all participants understand the inevitability of compromise on the basis of the law, 2) law which is suitable for finding a compromise due to its internal merits, 3) a professional community of jurists who develop and apply law independently of the administration. Such a triangle is possible in any society where the law of judges or learned law prevails and where the majority of participants in the political process are ready to compromise based on the current law.


Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova ◽  
Ivan Semenov

The national legal system is determined by traditional elements characterizing the culture and customs that exist in the social environment in the form of moral standards and the law. However, the attitude of the population to the letter of the law, as a rule, initially contains negative properties in order to preserve personal freedom, status, position. Therefore, to solve pressing problems of rooting in the minds of society of the elementary foundations of the initial order, and then the rule of law in the public sphere, proverbs and sayings were developed that in essence contained legal educational criteria.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Shoxrukhkhon Saidov ◽  

This article describes the specifics of the law-making process conducted by the prosecutor's office. The purpose and principles of the prosecutor's office's participation in this process have been studied scientifically and theoretically. Taking into account the high relevance of ensuring legality in the law-making process, opinions were expressed about the need for adequate regulation and organization of solving this task by the prosecutor's office at the level of law and legality. The participation of the prosecutor's office in law-making activities contradicts the needs of the population, the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, ensuring the rule of law, promoting the formation of a unified legal space and improving legislation, ensuring consistency legal instructions, systematization of legislation, scientifically based analysis are aimed at reducing the influence of bureaucratic interests and preventing the inclusion of factors that generate corruption in normative acts and their projects


Author(s):  
Egidijus Küris

Western legal tradition gave the birth to the concept of the rule of law. Legal theory and constitutional justice significantly contributed to the crystallisation of its standards and to moving into the direction of the common concept of the rule of law. The European Court of Human Rights uses this concept as an interpretative tool, the extension of which is the quality of the law doctrine, which encompasses concrete requirements for the law under examination in this Court, such as prospectivity of law, its foreseeability, clarity etc. The author of the article, former judge of the Lithuanian Constitutional Court and currently the judge of the European Court of Human Rights, examines how the latter court has gradually intensified (not always consistently) its reliance on the rule of law as a general principle, inherent in all the Articles of the European Convention on Human Rights, to the extent that in some of its judgments it concentrates not anymore on the factual situation of an individual applicant, but, first and foremost, on the examination of the quality of the law. The trend is that, having found the quality of the applicable law to be insufficient, the Court considers that the mere existence of contested legislation amounts to an unjustifiable interference into a respective right and finds a violation of respective provisions of the Convention. This is an indication of the Court’s progressing self-approximation to constitutional courts, which are called to exercise abstract norm-control.La tradición occidental alumbró la noción del Estado de Derecho. La teoría del Derecho y la Justicia Constitucional han contribuido decisivamente a la cristalización de sus estándares, ayudando a conformar un acervo común en torno al mismo. El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos emplea la noción de Estado de Derecho como una herramienta interpretativa, fundamentalmente centrada en la doctrina de la calidad de la ley, que implica requisitos concretos que exige el Tribunal tales como la claridad, la previsibilidad, y la certeza en la redacción y aplicación de la norma. El autor, en la actualidad Juez del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y anterior Magistrado del Tribunal Constitucional de Lituania, examina cómo el primero ha intensificado gradualmente (no siempre de forma igual de consistente) su confianza en el Estado de Derecho como principio general, inherente a todos los preceptos que forman el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos, hasta el punto de que en algunas de sus resoluciones se concentra no tanto en la situación de hecho del demandante individual sino, sobre todo y ante todo, en el examen de esa calidad de la ley. La tendencia del Tribunal es a considerar que, si observa que la ley no goza de calidad suficiente, la mera existencia de la legislación discutida supone una interferencia injustificable dentro del derecho en cuestión y declara la violación del precepto correspondiente del Convenio. Esto implica el acercamiento progresivo del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos a los Tribunales Constitucionales, quienes tienen encargado el control en abstracto de la norma legal.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Fajar Sugianto Sugianto

Abstrak Hukum dan Ekonomi merupakan salah satu disiplin dalam ilmu hukum yang menawarkan pengutamaan efisiensi ekonomi sebagai kaidah hukum dalam mengarahkan praktik hukum. Dengan melakukan konseptualisasi lebih lanjut, efisiensi ekonomi juga membantu dalam menilai dan melakukan penilaian terhadap hukum. Salah satu bentuk efisiensi ekonomi dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan ekonomis terhadap hukum dalam merumuskan keuntungan yang dihasilkan hukum. Dalam hal ini efisiensi ekonomi mengubah hukum sebagai insentif dalam mengubah perilaku manusia seperti halnya mempertahankan perilaku yang sudah sejalan dengan tujuan-tujuan hukum. Hukum seyogianya menentukan upaya perbaikan melalui penghukuman dan penghargaan sebagai insentif untuk mengungkap aspek-aspek tertentu atau krusial dari ilmu hukum.Abstract Law and Economics is one of the disciplines in the jurisprudence that offers the primacy of economic efficiency as the rule of law in directing the practice of law. With further conceptualization, economic efficiency is also useful in judging and assessing the law. One relevant form of economic efficiency discussed in this paper is the economic approach to law in formulating the expected profit of the law. In this case, economic efficiency transforms law into an incentive to change human behaviors as well as to maintain certain behaviors that are already in line with the objectives of the law. Laws should determine remedies by way of punishment and rewards as an incentive to reveal certain crucial aspects of jurisprudence.


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