scholarly journals Soft Skills and Psychological Well-being: A Study on Italian Rural and Urban NEETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Mauro Ellena ◽  
◽  
Marta Elena ◽  
Francisco Simões ◽  
Maria Fernandes-Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Soft Skill ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Gender

Soft skills retain a certain importance in fully understanding the NEET phenomenon: however, only few researchers have focused on them specifically. The aim of this work is two-fold: a) to detect the differences in terms of soft skills and psychological well-being between urban and rural NEETs; and b) to evaluate which of the soft skills analysed may be predictors of psychological well-being. A sample of young 6998 18−34 years old representative of the Italian population was used. Although gender and educational attainment play a key role in determining NEET status, the degree of urbanisation must be considered because it appears to influence the well-being and perceived soft skills of a group of NEETs. The present study shows that females with low educational attainment residing in rural areas have lower levels of well-being than females with low educational attainment residing in urban areas. A similar influence exists in relation to one particular soft skill: positive vision. Furthermore, soft skills predict psychological well-being wherein degree of urbanisation and gender seems to play a determining role. Policies should, therefore, consider these issues in their design and implementation phases. Keywords: NEETs; rural; urban; soft skills; psychological well-being. ····· Abilitățile psiho-sociale (descrise sub această denumire în articol) au importanță în înțelegerea fenomenului NEET (tineri care nu lucrează și nu se află nici în cadrul sistemului educațional – NEET – l. engl.); cu toate astea, puțini cercetători s-au concentrat pe aceste abilități. Scopul acestui studiu este împărțit în două: a) să determine diferențele în termeni de abilități `soft` și bunăstare psihică între urban și rural în rândul NEET și b) să evalueze care dintre aceste abilități ar putea fi predictori ai bunăstării psihologice. S-a folosit un eșantion de 6998 tineri între 18 și 34 de ani, reprezentativ pentru populația din Italia. Deși genul și educația joacă un rol important în determinarea statutului NEET, gradul de urbanizare trebuie luat în considerare, deoarece se pare că influențează bunăstarea și abilitățile psihice ale grupului de NEET. Prezentul studiu arată că femeile cu educație mai puțină, din mediul rural, au un nivel mai scăzut de bunăstare decât femeile de acest fel din mediul urban. O influență similară există în relație cu o anumită abilitate `soft`: viziunea pozitivă. Mai mult, abilitățile `soft` prognosticând bunăstarea psihică, gradul de urbanizare pare să joace în această ecuație un rol determinant. Așa că politicile sociale ar trebui să ia în considerație aceste elemente în cadrul aspectelor legate de design-ul acestora și în procesul de implementare. Cuvinte-cheie: NEET; rural; urban; abilități `soft`; bunăstare psihică.

Multiple Dimensions of Impoverishment in Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Hosnieh Mahoozi ◽  
Jeurgen Meckl
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Multiple Dimensions

Concerning the demands of Sen’s (1984) Capability Approach to the assessment of human well-being, we estimate multidimensional poverty and compare the results with traditional measures of income poverty in Iran. We detect poverty in urban and rural Iran over 1999-2007, a period with relatively high GDP growth. The results reveal that the pace of income poverty reduction is much faster than the pace of multidimensional poverty alleviation. The pace of poverty reduction is much slower in rural areas than in urban areas and the capital city, Tehran. Hence, inequality between rural and urban areas increased over the time. We also show how policymakers may benefit from applying the multidimensional approach in targeting the subgroups by the most deprived aspects.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF MORBIDITY AS INDICATORS OF WOMEN'S HEALTH IN TRIPURA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sanjay Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Rural And Urban

Morbidity among people has an important inuence on their physical functioning and psychological well-being. The objective of the study is to assess morbidity status of the women population in North Tripura and Unokuti District of Tripura and to determine the important determinants of morbidity. The present paper shows out of the total 350 respondents, a total of 115 rural and urban respondents suffer from chronic diseases. Atotal of 235 respondents are found to have suffered/ suffering from seasonal diseases. The result reveals that with an increase in age, the probability of suffering from chronic illness increases with Exp (B) =1.074. The risk of being chronically ill decreases with increase in educational attainment (EDLR) with Exp (B) = 0.861. The risk of being chronically ill is more for women compared to male respondents.

scholarly journals Social Media Reveals Urban-Rural Differences in Stress across China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cui ◽  
Tingdan Zhang ◽  
Dandan Pang ◽  
Kokil Jaidka ◽  
Garrick Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Sources

Modeling differential stress expressions in urban and rural regions in China can provide a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on psychological well-being in a country that has rapidly grown economically in the last two decades. This paper studies linguistic differences in the experiences and expressions of stress in urban-rural China from Weibo posts from over 65,000 users across 329 counties using hierarchical mixed-effects models. We analyzed phrases, topical themes, and psycho-linguistic word choices in Weibo posts mentioning stress to better understand appraisal differences surrounding psychological stress in urban and rural communities in China; we then compared them with large-scale polls from Gallup. After controlling for socioeconomic and gender differences, we found that rural communities tend to express stress in emotional and personal themes such as relationships, health, and opportunity while users in urban areas express stress using relative, temporal, and external themes such as work, politics, and economics. These differences exist beyond controlling for GDP and urbanization, indicating a fundamentally different lifestyle between rural and urban residents in very specific environments, arguably having different sources of stress. We found corroborative trends in physical, financial, and social wellness with urbanization in Gallup polls.

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

Re-examining Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan: A New Assessment of Regional Variations

2019 ◽  
pp. 097215091984441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hummera Saleem ◽  
Malik Shahzad Shabbir ◽  
Bilal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Statistical Survey

The objective of this study is to investigate the multidimensional poverty (MDPT) level in the rural and urban areas of Pakistan. This study further adhered three essential factors such as education, health and living standard of people. It is observed that most of the studies have conducted and adhered regarding monetary poverty. The data have been obtained from the ‘Pakistan Social and Living Standard Management’ (PSLM) statistical survey. The finding of this analysis shows that, during all periods, MDPT in Pakistan remained significantly more in rural areas compared to urban regions. This empirical analysis provides an integrating technique adopting MDPT to overcome the socio-economic issues, which rapidly upsurge in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is a fundamental obligation of the state to provide sustainable and millennium development necessities of life such as food, health, water and education to meet the global standards of well-being of their people.

scholarly journals Associations of the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown on Self-Reported Happiness and Worry about Developing Loneliness: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Rural, Regional, and Urban Australian Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9501
Author(s):  
Vivian Isaac ◽  
Teresa Cheng ◽  
Louise Townsin ◽  
Hassan Assareh ◽  
Amy Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Australia adopted hard lockdown measures to eliminate community transmission of COVID-19. Lockdown imposes periods of social isolation that contributes to increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and worry. We examined whether lockdowns have similar psychosocial associations across rural and urban areas and whether associations existed between happiness and worry of loneliness in the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Data were collected using the “COVID-19 Living Survey” between 13 and 20 May 2020 by BehaviourWorks Australia at the Monash Sustainable Development Institute. The mean self-reported feeling of happiness and anxiousness (N = 1593), on a 10-point Likert scale with 0 being least happy or highly anxious, was 6.5 (SD = 2.4) and 3.9 (2.9), respectively. Factors associated with happiness were older age and having a postgraduate education. Participants worried about becoming lonely also exhibited reduced happiness (estimate = −1.58, 95%CI = −1.84–−1.32) and higher anxiousness (2.22, 1.93–2.51) scores, and these conditions remained associated after adjusting for demographics. Interestingly, worry about loneliness was greater in rural areas than in urban communities. The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on rural youth and those less-educated was evident. Participants in rural Australia who were worried about becoming lonely were reportedly less happy than participants in major cities. This dataset provides a better understanding of factors that influence psychological well-being and quality of life in the Australian population and helps to determine whether happiness may be an associative factor that could mitigate self-feelings of anxiety and worry about loneliness.

scholarly journals Rural–urban divide in human capital in Poland after 1988

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wosiek
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nature Studies

Research background: The subject of the study is the disproportionate development of rural and urban areas in terms of human capital in the context of the convergence process. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the study is to assess the rural–urban disparities on the educational attainment of the population (adopted as a human capital proxy), based on the example of Poland. Methods: The Bray-Curtis measure of structures diversity, the Kruskal-Wallis test and regression analysis were applied to investigate the scale and dynamic of the rural–urban educational divide in Poland in the period 1988–2018. Findings & Value added: The paper emphasizes the aspect of rural–urban differences in the Polish economy and their dynamic nature. Studies have revealed that in 1988–2018, in Poland, the disparity in educational attainment between rural and urban populations was gradually reduced. This process, however, was not accompanied by the reduction of internal educational disparities in the rural space. The study results are helpful in verifying the effectiveness of public funds, allocated in recent years in order to accelerate the multi-functional development of rural areas in Poland and other CEE countries.

scholarly journals The Relationship between External and Internal Risk Factors with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-59 Months in Slums in Indonesia, 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Made Agus Nurjana ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini ◽  
Olwin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (Tb) remains a health problem throughout the world. World Health Organization (WHO) has set it as a “Global Emergency” disease. The difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of it in children, different from it in adults, causes the treatment of it in children often neglected. This problem is exacerbated by the supporting environmental conditions, namely living in slums, which makes the risk of transmission even higher. OBJECTIVE: To identify internal and external factors related to Tb in children aged 0-59 months living in slums in Indonesia. MATERIAL & METHOD: The data source used was the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) using a sample of children less than five years old who lived in slums in 34 provinces in Indonesia. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis found three risk factors, namely BCG immunization status (age-based), at-risk home environment, and gender (residential area-based). Vaccinated children under one year of age have the best probability of not suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Those who live in a house inhabited by less than five people, or in that occupied by more than four with no one of which smokes or does not suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis has a probability of not being exposed to it. Likewise, women who live in rural areas have almost two times less probability of suffering from it, compared to men in urban areas. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants in slums are the status of BCG immunization, air cleanliness in the neighborhood, which can be seen from the differences of risks in rural and urban, and the number of inhabitants per house and their behavior.

scholarly journals Poverty, beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission, and the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Mpabe Bodjongo ◽  
Mathieu Juliot
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Hiv Aids

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of income poverty and beliefs about HIV-AIDS transmission on the gap in HIV-AIDS testing among women between rural and urban areas in Cameroon. The analysis is based on a sample of 7,464 women from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 5) of Cameroon (NIS, 2015). Based on the literature on the demand for preventive health care, econometric results obtained using a decomposing differencesmodel based on Yun method, reveal that the HIV-AIDS screening rate of women living in rural areas is lower than that of women living in urban areas. Improvements in the level of economic well-being, demonstrated knowledge about HIV-AIDS, and education levels of rural women are likely to reduce this gap. On the other hand, having a child, knowing where to get tested for HIV-AIDS, or being an elderly person does no help reduce this gap.

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