scholarly journals AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS. COMPLEX OF ALGORITHMS OF “CLUTCH-TO-CLUTCH SHIFTS” TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURE, GENERALIZED STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT. PART 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (56) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Leonid G. KRASNEVSKIY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Functional Purpose

The article continues the series of the author publications, which considers the main provisions of the “Clutch-to-Clutch Shifts” (CTC) technology — technology for automatic controlling the switching of automatic transmission (AT) stages, used in the global mass production of vehicles, hybrid and battery electric vehicles. It provides high-quality shifts, brought to the level of continuously variable transmissions. Development of power units in recent years has led to a rapid increase in the number of AT stages, which is accompanied by a complication of kinematic schemes, designs, control algorithms and, in general, an increase in the role of mechatronic control systems (MCS) in ensuring their high technical level. Effectiveness of the CTC technology depends on the perfection of the algorithms used. But their composition is not specified, which, with a large amount of information, makes it difficult for potential users to navigate in this set. In this paper, we propose (for the first time in the Russian language) the generalized structure of a set of standard algorithms necessary for the implementation of this technology in the AT MCS, which is developed on the basis of their selection from a pre-formed database of patents and publications on the theory and technology of AT control, following classification and grouping by functional purpose. For each item of the structure, there are links to patents with matching names. Detailed descriptions of several typical CTC algorithms in the AT MCS of General Motors patents are given.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS. COMPLEX OF ALGORITHMS OF “CLUTCH-TO-CLUTCH SHIFTS” TECHNOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF ARCHITECTURE, GENERALIZED STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT. PART 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (55) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
L.G. Krasnevskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Automatic Transmissions ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Functional Purpose

The article continues the series of the author publications, which considers the main provisions of the “Clutch-to-Clutch Shifts” (CTC) technology — technology for automatic controlling the switching of automatic transmission (AT) stages, used in the global mass production of vehicles, hybrid and battery electric vehicles. It provides high-quality shifts, brought to the level of continuously variable transmissions. Development of power units in recent years has led to a rapid increase in the number of AT stages, which is accompanied by a complication of kinematic schemes, designs, control algorithms and, in general, an increase in the role of mechatronic control systems (MCS) in ensuring their high technical level. Effectiveness of the CTC technology depends on the perfection of the algorithms used. But their composition is not specified, which, with a large amount of information, makes it difficult for potential users to navigate in this set. In this paper, we propose (for the first time in the Russian language) the generalized structure of a set of standard algorithms necessary for the implementation of this technology in the AT MCS, which is developed on the basis of their selection from a pre-formed database of patents and publications on the theory and technology of AT control, following classification and grouping by functional purpose. For each item of the structure, there are links to patents with matching names. Detailed descriptions of several typical CTC algorithms in the AT MCS of General Motors patents are given.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

USE OF INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS IN RUSSIAN LESSONS IN GROUPS WITH A NON-RUSSIAN TEACHING LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Nigora Vokhidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Russian Language

The article discusses the effectiveness of innovative approaches in teaching Russian as a foreign language. It is noted that the use of new methods makes it possible to take into account the knowledge already acquired by the student for studying the Russian language and developing creative skills. The role of such a form of training as group work is shown, and some methods of interactive communication between students in practical classes in the Russian language are considered

Root with Alternation of -ravn-/-rovn- (From Materials of the Academic Description of Russian Spelling)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Arutiunova ◽  
E. V. Beshenkova ◽  
O. E. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The study investigates the rule of spelling the root -ravn-/-rovn- and is considered to be a fragment of the academic description of Russian spelling, which is currently being under investigation at the Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors clarify the meanings that determine the spelling of the unstressed root, supplement the lists of exceptions, denote words with meanings not corresponding to the given values-criteria, and, for the first time in linguistics, investigate the words that can be correlated with different values-criteria, that is, they have double motivation. The rule codifies the spelling of words that have double motivation and fluctuate in usus, dictionaries, study guides and reference books. Spelling recommendations for these words correspond to the current linguistic norm and were approved by the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019. The linguistic commentary to the rule contains the most significant etymological facts concerning the root -ravn-/-rovn- and summarises the scientific and methodological attempts to figure out the distribution of vocabulary with root -ravn-/-rovn- based on the meanings selected in the spelling rules. In the paper it is shown that the instability in spelling of various verbs with the root -ravn-/-rovn- in modern writing and dictionaries is determined by the double motivation of words, as well as contradictory recommendations and gaps in the rules.

Value Meanings of the Modern Textbook of the Russian Language

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Deikina
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
School Education ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Modern Textbook ◽  
The Russian Language

Analysis of the current trends in the teaching of the Russian language allows to assert the value of the category of values in the educational strategy. In the context of orientation of the textbook to modern requirements the role of the text in the characteristic of language as an expression of value and personal meanings is emphasized. Providing personal and humanistic thinking and the formation of value view of students in the Russian language is more successful on a wide background of text material by stimulating a variety of ways of original work of students. Its predicted results are closely related to the awareness of the value of the Russian language. Attention is paid to the resources associated with the organization of open educational space on the basis of axiological ideas as the leading in the theory of school education and textbook.

Project and Research Activities of Students on the Russian Language (From Work Experience)

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
R. L. Smulakovskaya ◽  
E. M. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Russian Language

The article discusses and summarizes the experience of project and research activities of students in the Russian language, presents the content and structure of each stage of the research project, determines the role of the project manager in getting significant and reflected results of the project research activities.

On the role of the anthropocentric factor in the realization of the derivational potential of names of ungulates as motivating lexical units

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Nikolay D. Golev ◽  
◽  
Irina P. Falomkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Search System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Building System ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper is dedicated to describing the word-building system of the Russian language in terms of its vocabulary. Lexical factors are discussed influencing the formation of lexical units’ potential as motivating units of word-building processes and relations and the realization of this potential in language activities. Of most interest for the authors are anthropocentric determinants, most of which are coordinating the lexical system and, through its mediation, the word-building system with the worldview of native speakers of the Russian language. The proposed model of derivational development of vocabulary provides such coordination through studying the deep-seated process of conceptualization of the words that are the potential motivators of neologisms. This study identifies the word frequency as an external manifestation of conceptualization. The frequency data were obtained from Google search system statistical data. Capturing not only usual but also occasional and potential words, this source is an effective tool for studying word-building processes and their results. This study has unveiled the interrelation between the language worldview of native speakers of Russian and their “word-building behavior” in language activities. The worldview has been found, first of all, to be determined by the pragmatic factor, which primarily influences the usage of a word in the speech reflected by its frequency. The frequency ranks lexical units due to their derivational potential and thereby provides a researcher with a reliable instrument for its study.

Reading literacy and periphrastic capacity in the context of individual language development

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
E. V. Arkhipova ◽  
L. V. Lagunova
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Reading Literacy ◽  
Informational Texts ◽  
Pedagogical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
New Information ◽  
Didactic Texts ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The aim of the study was to develop linguistic and methodological theoretical aspects of training the skill of paraphrasing, which constitutes an important element of reading literacy. To this end, the authors reviewed research and educational publications in the field of teaching the Russian language and conducted a pedagogical experiment to analyse pedagogical processes. Interrelation between the infosphere and axiosphere of Russian language lessons within the pedagogical discourse involves the division of didactic texts into informational and axiological, including modern linguistic and ethnographic texts that manifest Russian cultural concepts in the new information age. It is shown that various aspects of teaching paraphrasing and interpretation techniques on the basis of informational texts have already been elucidated quite efficiently. However, formation of the axiological component of reading literacy (teaching to paraphrase on the basis of linguo-ethnographic texts) has been undertaken within the framework of the present study for the first time. These issues should be considered comprehensively, in the context of language and values-based development of a personality.

Electronic Transmission Controls

2000 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmissions

The evolution of the automotive transmission has changed rapidly in the last decade, partly due to the advantages of highly sophisticated electronic controls. This evolution has resulted in modern automatic transmissions that offer more control, stability, and convenience to the driver. Electronic Transmission Controls contains 68 technical papers from SAE and other international organizations written since 1995 on this rapidly growing area of automotive electronics. This book breaks down the topic into two sections. The section on Stepped Transmissions covers recent developments in regular and 4-wheel drive transmissions from major auto manufacturers including DaimlerChrysler, General Motors, Toyota, Honda, and Ford. Technology covered in this section includes: smooth shift control; automatic transmission efficiency; mechatronic systems; fuel saving technologies; shift control using information from vehicle navigation systems; and fuzzy logic control. The section on Continuously Variable Transmissions presents papers that demonstrate that CVTs offer better efficiency than conventional transmissions. Technologies covered in this section include: powertrain control; fuel consumption improvement; development of a 2-way clutch system; internal combustion engines with CVTs in passenger cars; control and shift strategies; and CVT application to hybrid powertrains. The book concludes with a chapter on the future of electronic transmissions in automobiles.

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