scholarly journals Nutrient uptake of Archidium acanthophyllum and Cyanotis lanata from Savanna Microsites on Baasi Inselberg in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Olubukunola Oluwole Oyesiku
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ion Contents

Nutrient concentrations and their mobility between soil and two dominant plants, moss (Archidium acanthophyllum Snider. (Archidiaceae) and succulent monocot (Cyanotis lanata Benth. Commelinaceae) growing on Baasi -Inselberg was investigated over a period of 36 months. The surface of the inselberg was divided into four microsites (Ms). Ms-1, bare soil; Ms-2, A. acanthophyllum only; Ms-3, C. lanata only; Ms-4, both Ms-2 and Ms-3. Samples of soil and plants were taken from one quadrat (0.5 m x 0.5 m) in each microsite for analysis of their ion contents. Plant debris, dust and rain water formed the primary sources of nutrients on the inselberg. Early rainfall (in April) triggered the growth of A. acanthophyllum which peaked in May and sharply decreased in June. Thereafter growth rate increased gradually from June to December (early dry season) and remained constant between January and March. In the early rainy season and early dry season, nutrient 2+ -1 + -1 2+ -1 + -1concentrations were higher (Ca , 1500 µgg ; K , 150 µg g ;Mg , 100 µg g ;Na , 30 µg g ) than other months of the seasons. In Ms-4 there was a higher resultant sequestration of ions in the plant tissues + -1 2+ -1 2+ -1 + -1 + (K , 800 µgg ;Ca , 600 µgg ; Mg , 160 µgg ;Na , 28 µgg ). The Ms-1 was the source of Na + 2+ 2+concentration in Ms-4, for K Ms-2 and Ms-3, for Mg Ms-2 only and for Ca Ms-1, 2 and 3.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in the phytoplankton community of Acapulco Bay, Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín A. Rojas-Herrera ◽  
Juan Violante Gonzalez ◽  
Sergio García-Ibáñez ◽  
Víctor M.G. Sevilla-Torres ◽  
Jaime S. Gil-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Oceanic Environments

<p>Species composition and abundance of the phytoplankton community in Acapulco Bay, Mexico, were studied from May to December 2009. Samples were collected at 5 stations (4 coastal and 1 oceanic) at 3 depths (1, 5 and 10 m). Eighty-seven species were identified: 54 dinoflagellates, 32 diatoms and 1 silicoflagellate. The community was structured mainly by adiaphoric species, that is, species adapted to both neritic and oceanic environments. Species abundance and composition varied significantly during the sampling period due to increased nutrient concentrations in the rainy season. Dinoflagellate species were more abundant during the dry season, and diatom species dominated numerically during the rainy season.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of river discharge on phytoplankton structure and nutrient concentrations in four tropical semiarid estuaries

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hortência de Sousa Barroso ◽  
Helena Becker ◽  
Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Phytoplankton Structure

Abstract This study evaluated changes in phytoplankton and nutrients after an increase in river discharge in four estuaries of northeastern Brazil. Samples were taken during a markedly freshwater-deprived period (Nov/2010, dry season), and during a rainy season (May/2011). While two estuaries are located in urban areas (Ceará - CE and Cocó - CO), the others are markedly freshwater-deprived (Pacoti - PAC and Pirangi - PIR). Our findings indicate that increased freshwater had opposing effects on estuaries impacted by anthropogenic discharges (CO, CE and PIR) compared with the other, less impacted (PAC). In CO and CE, the freshwater flow during the rainy period had a nutrient diluting effect and controlled phytoplankton blooms. In PIR, only phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen decreased in the rainy season. In contrast, an increase of all nutrients was observed in PAC, and of TN in PIR, followed by an increase in phytoplankton biomass. In the rainy season, eutrophic freshwater species dominated in all the estuaries. In the dry season, blooms of Cryptomonas/Rhodomonas and Synechocystis aquatilis were, respectively, observed in CE and CO. Also in the dry season, PAC and PIR had a predominance of marine species under a condition of hypersalinity. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested the variation observed for salinity, silica, and TN are the main driver of phytoplankton structure.

scholarly journals Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on the performance of growing pullets

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
R. A. Sobayo ◽  
E. B. Oguntona ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
D. Eruvbetine ◽  
A. M. Bamgbose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Optimum Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the nutritional effects of supplementary ascorbic acid (AA) at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg in the diets of growing pullets reared at different seasons (dry season and rainy season).240 eight weeks-old Harco pullet chicks were used in each trial, they were randomly assigned to each of the four dietary treatments in three replications of twenty chicks per replicate. Each trial lasted 12 weeks (84 days) during which data were collected and a 2 X 4 factorial arrangement was employed in the analysis of data collected. Both ascorbic acid and season significantly affected (P<0.05) growth rate with better growth rate reported in the dry season. Body weights at first lay exhibited a linear reduction with increasing concentration of ascorbic acid (P<0.05). Seasonal variation significantly affected (P<0.05) age and egg weight at first lay with higher values obtained in the rainy season. The cost-benefit analysis of supplementary ascorbic acid in the diet of experimental birds revealed that inclusion of the graded levels of ascorbic acid increased the cost of feed in a linear fashion across the dietary treatments. At the growing stage, cost of feed per kg weight gain was found to be lowest in birds fed 0 mg/kg AA. It was evident that at the growing stage, optimum response occurred with supplementation of 300 mg/kg AA.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution, nutrient concentration and seasonal changes of fine root mass in a semi-deciduous tropical dry forest and in two adjacent pastures in the Western Llanos of Venezuela

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Ana Francisca González-Pedraza ◽  
Nelda Dezzeo
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Mass

With the objective to contribute to a better understanding of ecological consequences of deforestation on the below-ground system in the Western Llanos of Venezuela, we evaluated the vertical distribution, nutrient concentration and seasonal changes of total fine root mass (FRM) (<2 mm diameter) in a semi-deciduous tropical dry forest and in 2 adjacent pastures of Cynodon nlemfuensis: a young pasture (YP, 5 years old) and an old pasture (OP, 18 years old) in the Obispo municipality, Barinas State. This evaluation included measurements at the end of the rainy season, during the dry season and during the subsequent early rainy season in 2005/2006. Highest FRM was recorded during the dry season, which probably indicates a plant water-stress response mechanism. The highest proportion (63‒88%) of FRM was concentrated in the 10–20 cm soil layer at all studied sites, probably due to a higher nutrient and moisture content at that depth. Non-significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in the total concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the FRM in soils supporting forest, OP and YP at the evaluated depths. Non-significant changes in the total FRM and nutrient concentrations were observed between the sampling periods and the 3 study sites. YP soils showed a slight increase in FRM that could be associated with the root growth of secondary vegetation, which is considered a weed and is periodically removed. Our results suggest that the land use change from tropical forest to pastures has not significantly affected the mass of fine roots and their carbon and nutrient concentrations. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings apply to other ecosystems.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of N Form and P Concentration on Growth and Tissue Composition of Hybrid Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
Hans Brix
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Form

This study aimed to assess effect of nitrogen (N) form and phosphorus (P) level on the growth and mineral composition of hybrid Napier grass. Experimental plants were grown with different N forms (NO3−, NH4NO3, and NH4+; 500 µM) and P concentrations (100 and 500 µM) under greenhouse conditions for 42 days. Growth rate, morphology, pigments, and mineral nutrients in the plant tissue were analysed. At the low P concentration, the better growth was found in the plants supplied with NH4+ (relative growth rate (RGR) = 0.05 g·g−1·d−1), but at the high P concentration, the NH4+-fed plants had 37% lower growth rates and shorter roots and stems. At the high P level, the NH4NO3−-fed plants had the highest RGR (0.04 g·g−1·d−1). The mineral nutrient concentrations in the plant tissues were only slightly affected by N form and P concentration, although the P concentrations in the plant tissue of the NO3−-fed plants supplied with the high P concentration was 26% higher compared to the low P concentration plants. The N concentrations in the plant tissues did not vary between treatments. The results showed that the optimum N form for the plant growth and biomass productivity of hybrid Napier grass depends on P level. Hybrid Napier grass may be irrigated by treated wastewater containing high concentrations of N and P, but future studies are needed to evaluate biomass production and composition when irrigating with real wastewater from animal farms.

scholarly journals SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF NUTRIENT BUDGETS IN JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Saleh Nugrahadi ◽  
Tetsuo Yanagi ◽  
Iwan G. Tejakusuma ◽  
Seno Aji ◽  
Rahmania A. Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Budgets ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Estuarine Coastal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This study aims to quantify the fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicate in Jakarta Bay and use these flux data to gain an initial understanding of the biogeochemical processes occurring in the system. We investigated water, suspended matter and sediments fluxes from estuarine, coastal water and outside of the bay. Water samples were analyzed for dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll-phytoplankton abundance, and their composition. Suspended matter and sediment were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen. Nutrient concentrations were high in the rivers or estuaries and then decreased rapidly seaward. Calculation budget results showed that Jakarta Bay is a sink for DIP, DIN and DSi during dry season and rainy season. In the dry season, the system is in the slightly fixation condition ([nfix-denit] = 0.03 mmol N m-2 d-1). In contrast, denitrification exceed nitrogen fixation ([nfix-denit] = -9.74 mmol N m-2 d-1) in the rainy season. Moreover, the bay produced net carbon about 2.6-32 mmol C m-2 d-1.

Seasonal responses and genotype-by-season interactions for the growth dynamic and development traits of peanut

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PHAKAMAS ◽  
A. PATANOTHAI ◽  
K. PANNANGPETCH ◽  
S. JOGLOY ◽  
G. HOOGENBOOM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Dry Seasons

SUMMARYInformation on the interactions between genotypes and environments for physiological traits of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of seasons and genotype×season (G×S) interactions for dynamic growth and development traits of peanut. Fifteen peanut lines varying in maturity duration, seed type and yield level were grown in a field experiment at the Khon Kaen University in Northeast Thailand during the 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons and the 2003 and 2004 dry seasons. Data were recorded on phenological development stages, pod yield and final biomass, and leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), pod growth rate (PGR), partitioning coefficient (PC), pod harvest index (HI), shelling percentage, and specific leaf area (SLA) were determined. Seasonal effects were found for all development and growth traits of the test peanut lines. Crop duration for the dry season was much longer than for the rainy season because of low temperatures during the early growth stage, causing a delay in flowering and a longer period of pod formation. The test peanut lines showed small differences in the duration of vegetative development and pod formation, but varied greatly in the seed filling duration. This period also showed the greatest differential responses to seasons between the peanut genotypes. Crop yields for the 2003 rainy and the 2004 dry seasons were much lower than for the other two seasons because of late leaf spot disease in the 2003 rainy season and cool temperatures at flowering in the 2004 dry season, resulting in poor pod setting, low PGR and low HI. The test peanut lines differed considerably in pod and biomass yields and all the growth traits measured. Significant G×S interactions were also found for all of these traits, though were much smaller than season effect. Regression analyses identified PGR as the dominant physiological trait determining the G×S interaction for pod yield. Exploring marker-assisted selection for this trait is suggested.

Seasonal variation in the dynamic growth and development traits of peanut lines

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BANTERNG ◽  
A. PATANOTHAI ◽  
K. PANNANGPETCH ◽  
S. JOGLOY ◽  
G. HOOGENBOOM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Partitioning Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Growth

Physiological traits responsible for differences in yield performance among pre-released genotypes are normally not known. The objective of the present study was to evaluate seasonal variations in dynamic growth and development traits between 12 large-seeded Virginia-type and 14 small-seeded Spanish-type advanced breeding lines of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Khon Kaen University in Northeast Thailand for three planting dates, representing the early-rainy season, mid-rainy season and dry season. Very similar phenological development was observed for all lines within each group and between the early and the mid-rainy seasons. However, a lower temperature during the early growth stage in the dry season delayed flower initiation and extended maturity. During this period, crop growth rates as well as the development rate for leaf area index and specific leaf area were also lower compared with the rainy seasons. On average, both pod yield and total biomass for the rainy season and the dry season were about the same. Variations among lines within each group were also small. For these advanced breeding lines, the pod growth rate was the most important yield determinant while the crop growth rate had lesser effect and the partitioning coefficient and pod-filling duration had no significant effect. However, the crop growth rate, pod growth rate and partitioning coefficient were important traits for a line to be the top yielder. Pod-filling duration was also important when the lines involved were considerably diverse in maturity and seed size. Information on these traits, if used together with final pod yield, will make varietal selection more efficient.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

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