scholarly journals Interactive Effects of N Form and P Concentration on Growth and Tissue Composition of Hybrid Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003
Author(s):  
Chonthicha Pakwan ◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
Hans Brix
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Form

This study aimed to assess effect of nitrogen (N) form and phosphorus (P) level on the growth and mineral composition of hybrid Napier grass. Experimental plants were grown with different N forms (NO3−, NH4NO3, and NH4+; 500 µM) and P concentrations (100 and 500 µM) under greenhouse conditions for 42 days. Growth rate, morphology, pigments, and mineral nutrients in the plant tissue were analysed. At the low P concentration, the better growth was found in the plants supplied with NH4+ (relative growth rate (RGR) = 0.05 g·g−1·d−1), but at the high P concentration, the NH4+-fed plants had 37% lower growth rates and shorter roots and stems. At the high P level, the NH4NO3−-fed plants had the highest RGR (0.04 g·g−1·d−1). The mineral nutrient concentrations in the plant tissues were only slightly affected by N form and P concentration, although the P concentrations in the plant tissue of the NO3−-fed plants supplied with the high P concentration was 26% higher compared to the low P concentration plants. The N concentrations in the plant tissues did not vary between treatments. The results showed that the optimum N form for the plant growth and biomass productivity of hybrid Napier grass depends on P level. Hybrid Napier grass may be irrigated by treated wastewater containing high concentrations of N and P, but future studies are needed to evaluate biomass production and composition when irrigating with real wastewater from animal farms.

Field Determination of the Critical Nutrient Concentrations for Cladophora in Streams

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wong ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Total P

Many streams in southern Ontario experience excessive seasonal growth of aquatic plants such as Cladophora and Potamogeton. A direct relation, with a regression coefficient of 0.87, was observed between ambient P concentration in the water and P content of plant tissue in six rivers. Critical or growth controlling total P concentration of 60 μg/liter in stream water and 1.6 mg/gram dry weight in plant tissue were determined. Unlike P, no significant correlation was observed between N content of plant tissue and N concentration in water. The correlation of total P with plant growth can be used to estimate the waste load which would result in maximum growth rate of Cladophora.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake of Archidium acanthophyllum and Cyanotis lanata from Savanna Microsites on Baasi Inselberg in Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Olubukunola Oluwole Oyesiku
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Ion Contents

Nutrient concentrations and their mobility between soil and two dominant plants, moss (Archidium acanthophyllum Snider. (Archidiaceae) and succulent monocot (Cyanotis lanata Benth. Commelinaceae) growing on Baasi -Inselberg was investigated over a period of 36 months. The surface of the inselberg was divided into four microsites (Ms). Ms-1, bare soil; Ms-2, A. acanthophyllum only; Ms-3, C. lanata only; Ms-4, both Ms-2 and Ms-3. Samples of soil and plants were taken from one quadrat (0.5 m x 0.5 m) in each microsite for analysis of their ion contents. Plant debris, dust and rain water formed the primary sources of nutrients on the inselberg. Early rainfall (in April) triggered the growth of A. acanthophyllum which peaked in May and sharply decreased in June. Thereafter growth rate increased gradually from June to December (early dry season) and remained constant between January and March. In the early rainy season and early dry season, nutrient 2+ -1 + -1 2+ -1 + -1concentrations were higher (Ca , 1500 µgg ; K , 150 µg g ;Mg , 100 µg g ;Na , 30 µg g ) than other months of the seasons. In Ms-4 there was a higher resultant sequestration of ions in the plant tissues + -1 2+ -1 2+ -1 + -1 + (K , 800 µgg ;Ca , 600 µgg ; Mg , 160 µgg ;Na , 28 µgg ). The Ms-1 was the source of Na + 2+ 2+concentration in Ms-4, for K Ms-2 and Ms-3, for Mg Ms-2 only and for Ca Ms-1, 2 and 3.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Level and Form Affect Taro Growth and Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W. Osorio ◽  
X. Shuai ◽  
S. Miyasaka ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
R.L. Shirey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Form

Nitrogen (N) is often the most limiting mineral nutrient for taro growth. Two experiments were carried out under hydroponics conditions to determine the effects of varying solution N levels and N form on taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott cv. Bun Long) growth and foliar nutrient concentrations for 42 days. In the first experiment, taro plants were grown at six NH4NO3 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm N). In the second experiment, taro plants were grown at a total N level of 3 mm with five nitrate (NO3-): ammonium (NH4+) percent molar ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100). In the N level experiment, dry matter and leaf area increased up to 2 mm N and then decreased at the highest N level. The reduced growth of taro at the highest N level was attributed in part to a high NH4+ level that reduced uptake or translocation of cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. Nitrogen concentration in leaf blades increased with increasing N levels. The critical foliar N concentration that coincided with 95% of maximum growth based on a quadratic model was 40.4 g·kg-1 (dry weight basis). In the N form experiment, NO3-: NH4+ ratios of 75:25 or 100:0 favored greater plant growth compared to other treatments. Taro plants grown in NH4+-rich solutions drastically acidified the solution pH, and had retarded growth and smaller leaf area compared to those grown in NO3--rich solutions.

Effect of maturity of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay on intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics when given to zebu bulls

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
A.J. Ayala-Burgos ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell ◽  
R.M. Godoy ◽  
Hamana S. Saidén ◽  
R. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Cattle in the tropics mostly depend on pastures. During dry periods the forage available is usually mature, constraining both intake and digestion. These constraints need to be understood, for intake and digestibility define productivity. Intake depends on the rumen space made available by fermentation and outflow. Markers such as PEG (liquid phase), and chromium mordanted fibre (solid phase) can be used to measure rumen volume and outflow, but have limitations. The objective of this experiment was to measure intake, digestibility, and rumen kinetics of cattle fed ad libitum forages with very different degradation characteristics, and also to compare rumen volumes measured with markers with those obtained by manual emptying.

Aminocyclopyrachlor Absorption, Translocation and Metabolism in Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley Lindenmayer ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Philip P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Galen Brunk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Field bindweed is extremely susceptible to aminocyclopyrachlor compared to other weed species. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if absorption, translocation, and metabolism of aminocyclopyrachlor in field bindweed differs from other, less susceptible species. Field bindweed plants were treated with 3.3 kBq14C-aminocyclopyrachlor by spotting a single leaf mid-way up the stem with 10 µl of herbicide solution. Plants were then harvested at set intervals over 192 h after treatment (HAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor absorption reached a maximum of 48.3% of the applied radioactivity by 48 HAT. A translocation pattern of herbicide movement from the treated leaf into other plant tissues emerged, revealing a nearly equal aminocyclopyrachlor distribution between the treated leaf, aboveground tissue, and belowground tissue of 13, 14, and 14% of the applied radioactivity by 192 HAT. Over the time-course, no soluble aminocyclopyrachlor metabolites were observed, but there was an increase in radioactivity recovered bound in the nonsoluble fraction. These results suggest that aminocyclopyrachlor has greater translocation to belowground plant tissue in field bindweed compared with results from other studies with other herbicides and other weed species, which could explain the increased level of control observed in the field. The lack of soluble metabolites also suggests that very little metabolism occurred over the 192 h time course.

Germination percentage and emergence potential of nine newly introduced temperate forage germplasms in Shika, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Y. M. Ishiaku ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
S. A. Abubakar ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

A trial was conducted to investigate the germination percentage and emergence potential of nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum) and Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trial was carried out to ascertain their viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, napier grass and king grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet had least germination percentage with 100 % Seed dormancy.Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour indexwere observed in king grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in king grass > sweet elephant grass > napier grass > Zea mexican schard > beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum, respectively. It was concluded that these forages can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended formulti-locational trials in all the ecological zones of the country.

scholarly journals Palatability Tests on Giant Pangola grass (Digitaria valida Stent) and Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) as compared with Napier (Merker) grass (Pennisetum purpureum)

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
L. Rivera Brenes ◽  
J. A. Arroyo ◽  
H. Cestero ◽  
A. Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Signal Grass

Signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha) and Giant Pangola (Digitaria valida Stent) were introduced into Puerto Rico by the Agricultural Experiment Station in 1957, from Ceylon and Cuba, respectively. Field observations and unpublished data on yields indicate good forage possibilities for these grasses for the Island. Both were submitted to a palatability test and compared with Napier grass, (Pennisetum purpureum), which is one of our most palatable forage grasses, using a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. The two grasses are as palatable as and contain more dry matter per pound of green forage than Napier grass. Both grasses are under grazing trials and must be submitted to more field observations before final recommendations are given to the farmers.

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