Comparative floral and pollen morphology of some invasive and native impatiens species

To evaluate the hypothesis of competitive superiority of invasive species, we compared the invasive Impatiens parviflora DC. and I. Glandulifera royle, the naturalized I. Nevskii pobed. and the native I. Noli-tangere L. in the flowers’ morphometric characters at different phases of anthesis. The characters in which alien species have a competitive superiority over closely related I. Noli-tangere are revealed. Morphological variability was studied by morphometric observations of the following characters: bud: length and diameter; spurred sepal: length and width; spur: length and diameter; lateral sepal: length and width; largest petal: length and death; large lobe of lateral petal: length and width; small lobe of lateral petal: length and width; anther: length; stamen’s filament: length; calyptra: length and width; ovary: length and diameter; length of a style, length of a stigma. There is a tendency for alien Impatiens species of the earlier development of androecium and gynoecium: сaliptra is formed at the stage of uncolored bud, the pistil is differentiated in ovary, short style and stigma is formed at the stage of colored bud. No other flowers’ morphometric characters, representing competitive advantage of the invasive I. Glandulifera and I. Parviflora over the native I. Noli-tangere and naturalized I. Nevskii were identified.

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Additional information on Meloidogyne polycephannulata and its proposal as a junior synonym of M. incognita

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 129-146

Author(s):

Jessica M.S. Monteiro ◽

Vanessa S. Mattos ◽

Marcilene F.A. Santos ◽

Ana C.M.M. Gomes ◽

Valdir R. Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variability ◽

Junior Synonym ◽

Valid Species ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Nominal Species ◽

Aflp Data ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Additional Information ◽

Phylogenetic Studies ◽

Type Population

Summary The type population of Meloidogyne polycephannulata is synonymised with M. incognita based on morphological and morphometric characters, as well as biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic studies. Morphological variability and a wide host range were reported for M. incognita during its first description and later re-description. Meloidogyne polycephannulata was described in Brazil from specimens collected in a carrot field (type population). The esterase phenotype (Est) characterised for this species was identical to the phenotype Est I2 of M. incognita, the most ubiquitous phenotype used for diagnostics. Morphological and morphometric characters of the descriptions of the two nominal species showed major similarities, as well as variability within the range of variation detected in M. incognita. In PCR assays, three SCAR markers species-specific for M. incognita (incK14 F/R, Mi/FR and incB06 F/R) amplified the same fragments of 399 bp, 955 bp and 1200 bp, respectively, for populations in both species. In phylogenetic studies based either on concatenated sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2-D3 rRNA, mitochondrial COII regions or on RAPD and AFLP data, the populations of both species grouped in the same clade with high bootstrap support. Altogether, these results provide congruent evidence that the M. polycephannulata type isolate deposited at the Embrapa Cryopreserved National Collection of Root-knot Nematodes is not a valid species but rather a junior synonym of M. incognita.

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Comparative study of floral characteristics in the component lines of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19739 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

MJ Hasan ◽

Umma Kulsum ◽

MH Rahman ◽

A Akter ◽

AKM Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Restorer Line ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Filament Length ◽

Style Length ◽

Maintainer Line ◽

Anther Length

Significant variations were obtained among the component lines for most of the floral traits. BRRI9A exhibited superiority for angle of open florets, stigma length and breadth, anther breadth, filament length, style length and panicle exertion rate while its corresponding maintainer lines BRRI9B showed superiority for duration of open florets, stigma length and breadth, anther breadth and filament length. This indicated BRRI9A and its corresponding maintainer line BRRI9B possessed very good floral traits that influence out crossing. Among the restorer lines BR168R showed superiority for duration of open florets, angle of open florets, duration of bloomed florets/panicle, stigma length, anther length and number of pollen/microscopic focus. This suggested BR168R could be used as promising restorer line with BRRI9A for hybrid seed production in local condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19739 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 1-8, 2014 (June)

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Morphometry of non-native black bullhead Ameiurus melas from Slovakia

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-010-0069-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 888-893 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrea Novomeská ◽

Vladimír Kováč ◽

Stanislav Katina

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Size Range ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

External Morphology ◽

Ontogenetic Changes ◽

Geometrical Analysis ◽

Native Population ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Black Bullhead ◽

Ameiurus Melas

AbstractThe study on the external morphology of the non-native black bullhead (Ameiurus melas) was carried out on a population from Slovakia, based on triple regression and geometrical analysis. The breakpoints distribution in distance-based morphometric characters indicated that black bullhead reached its definitive phenotype early in ontogeny. Ontogenetic changes in external morphology occurred continuously throughout the whole size-range of the sample examined, and inter-individual morphological variation was very low. Such uniformity may reflect the possible founder effect and/or little phenotypic plasticity of this non-native population. No sexual dimorphism was observed. This is the first detailed study on external morphology of the species, and as such it contributes to the assessment of phenotypic plasticity and/or overall morphological variability of black bullhead’s invasive populations.

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Genetic Analysis of Traits Distinguishing Outcrossing and Self-Pollinating Forms of Currant Tomato, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill.

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/161.1.333 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 161 (1) ◽

pp. 333-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael S Georgiady ◽

Richard W Whitkus ◽

Elizabeth M Lord

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait Locus ◽

Quantitative Trait ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Rflp Markers ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Style Length ◽

Lycopersicon Pimpinellifolium ◽

Anther Length ◽

Trait Locus ◽

Locus Mapping

Abstract The evolution of inbreeding is common throughout the angiosperms, although little is known about the developmental and genetic processes involved. Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (currant tomato) is a self-compatible species with variation in outcrossing rate correlated with floral morphology. Mature flowers from inbreeding and outcrossing populations differ greatly in characters affecting mating behavior (petal, anther, and style lengths); other flower parts (sepals, ovaries) show minimal differences. Analysis of genetic behavior, including quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, was performed on representative selfing and outcrossing plants derived from two contrasting natural populations. Six morphological traits were analyzed: flowers per inflorescence; petal, anther, and style lengths; and lengths of the fertile and sterile portions of anthers. All traits were smaller in the selfing parent and had continuous patterns of segregation in the F2. Phenotypic correlations among traits were all positive, but varied in strength. Quantitative trait locus mapping was done using 48 RFLP markers. Five QTL total were found involving four of the six traits: total anther length, anther sterile length, style length, and flowers per inflorescence. Each of these four traits had a QTL of major (>25%) effect on phenotypic variance.

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Anatomical Structure of Sepal and Petal of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton & Rose) During Flower Development

Jurnal Biodjati ◽

10.15575/biodjati.v4i2.4581 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 163-174

Author(s):

Utaminingsih Utaminingsih ◽

Sulhan Etfanti ◽

Suharyanto Suharyanto ◽

Maryani Maryani

Keyword(s):

Flower Development ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Image Capture ◽

Epidermal Tissue ◽

Petal Length ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Bud Size ◽

Sepal Length ◽

Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton & Rose) is one type of cactus plant which is very potential as an ornamental plant and edible fruit. Flower is organ that play an important role in the process of breeding plants generatively. This reasearch aimed to study the anatomical structure of sepals and petals of red dragon fruit plants during flower development. The research stages included: sepals and petals sampling that held at various stages of flowering ; morphological observation (measurement length of sepals and petals); anatomical slides of sepals and petals cross section using the embedding method, anatomical observation and image capture of sepals and petals. The parameters observed were bud size, sepal length, petal length, sepal thickness, petal thickness, and tissue description composed. The results of this study indicated that buds have an increased development pattern. The increase in bud size is directly proportional to the stage of the bud. Sepal and petal are composed of epidermal tissue which form papillae, cryptophore stomata, secretory parenchyma space containing mucus, and tissues transport system is closed collateral.

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Morphological variability of recent species of the order Cassiduloida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Mexico

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.1.46382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽

pp. 423-437

Author(s):

Andrea-Alejandra Caballero-Ochoa ◽

Blanca-E. Buitrón-Sánchez ◽

Carlos-A. Conejeros-Vargas ◽

Brenda-L. Esteban-Vázquez ◽

Mariana-P. Ruiz-Nava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Relationship ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Living Species ◽

Qualitative Characters ◽

Recent Species ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Character Correlations

ntroduction: In Mexico, there are two recorded living species of Cassiduloida: Cassidulus caribaearum and Rhyncholampas pacifica. Most of the taxonomic studies on cassiduloids have used external morphology, pedicellariae and morphometric characters; however, the intraspecific variation of quantitative and qualitative characters has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To compare the basic morphology of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum. Methods: We examined a total of 2 158 specimens of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum, selecting 50 to evaluate shape and size with linear regression and Principal Component analysis. We selected an additional 62 specimens per species to identify significant character correlations and morphological groups within species. Results: There is a direct relationship between Test length and Test width. Test height/Test width, and Total length (oral view)/Distance from the ambitus to the peristome apex, are the two main ratios to distinguish both species. C. caribaearum is more dorsoventrally compressed and has a round peristome base; versus R. pacifica has a tall and triangular one. There are four morphological groups of C. caribaearum and two groups for R. pacifica. Conclusions: These two species can be distinguished with reliable morphological characters, in which peristome shape suggests that R. pacifica is more adapted to burrowing deeper into certain types of substratum.

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Inheritance of flower traits in ornamental pepper

Agropecuária Técnica ◽

10.25066/agrotec.v39i1.37822 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Angela Maria dos Santos Pessoa ◽

Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo ◽

Cristine Agrine Pereira dos Santos ◽

Michelle Gonçalves de Carvalho ◽

Júlio Carlos Polimeni de Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Analysis ◽

Gene Action ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Petal Length ◽

Anther Length ◽

Flower Traits ◽

Flower Diameter ◽

Selection Of

Diallel crosses provide estimates of useful parameters in the selection of parents for hybridization. They also help in understanding the gene action behind the determination of characters of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control of flower traits in ornamental pepper based on a complete diallel with parents F1’s and reciprocal crosses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB). Seven accessions of ornamental pepper belonging to the CCA-UFPB Germplasm Bank UFPB001, UFPB004, UFPB77.3, UFPB099, UFPB134, UFPB137 and UFPB390 were used. The morphological analysis was performed on following quantitative Capsicum descriptors: days for flowering (DFL), flower diameter (FD), petal length (PL), number of petals (NP), number of stamens (NS), anther length (AL) and fillet length (FL). The data were previously submitted to analysis of variance and then to diallel analysis. All evaluated traits were adequate to the additive-dominant model. There are possibilities of genetic gains in breeding programs, for the NP, NS, AL and FL in ornamental peppers.

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Style length and flower morphology of three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars from Iran affected by fruit load

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2021.117.3.1938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sedighehsadat KHALEGHI ◽

Bahram BANINASAB ◽

Mostafa MOBLI

Keyword(s):

Solanum Melongena ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Flower Morphology ◽

Style Length ◽

Greenhouse Condition ◽

Short Style ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Fruit Harvest ◽

Do So ◽

Fruit Load

<p>A common feature of eggplant is its heterostyly. Long-style flowers bear fruits whereas short style ones fail to do so. Heterostyly is influenced by some factors such as genotype, climatic conditions and fruit load. In this study three eggplant cultivars from Iran were cultivated under greenhouse condition. The influence of presence of fruit (two fruits and four fruits) or absence of that on style length and some other flower morphological was studied in three positions of single, basal and additional. The presence of fruit, specially four fruits reduced style length, stigma width as well as mass of flower, pistil and stigma compared to the control in all times during fruit growth, and after fruit harvest they increased again. Fruit load didn’t affect the number of stamen and stamen length. These effects were observed in all three positons of single, basal and additional flowers of all three cultivars. Generally this study showed that fruit load has decreasing effect on style length and size of flowers forming after fruit setting, which reversed after fruit harvesting.</p>

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General patterns of sexual dimorphism in graylings (Thymallus), with a comparison to other salmonid species

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries ◽

10.1007/s11160-021-09694-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gernot K. Englmaier ◽

Alexander Antonov ◽

Steven J. Weiss

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Large Scale ◽

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Data Set ◽

Research Attention ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Phenotypic Characters ◽

Salmonid Species ◽

Iteroparous Species

AbstractAmong fishes, salmonids (family Salmonidae) have attracted a great deal of research attention focused on sexual dimorphism and associated selective forces. Most of this research has been directed toward anadromous and mostly semelparous salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus, Salmo), and comparatively little is known about intersexual variability in strictly iteroparous freshwater salmonids. We examined a comprehensive data set of 28 linear morphometric characters in 11 of 15 currently recognised species of grayling (Thymallinae, Thymallus), a genus consisting of iteroparous species only, to identify general patterns of intersexual morphological variability. Overall, we found that all grayling species show common sex-specific traits particularly relating to size dimensions of the dorsal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins. Although the magnitude of sexual dimorphism differed among species, there was no significant phylogenetic signal associated with these differences across the genus. These results are discussed in terms of the assumed selection pressures driving sexual dimorphism in graylings and are compared to existing knowledge in Salmonidae as a whole where similarities and differences with both Salmoninae and Coregoninae exist. The present study provides the first detailed genus-wide comparison of sexually dimorphic phenotypic characters in graylings, and highlights the need for more large-scale comparative studies in multiple salmonid species to better understand general macroevolutionary trends among this important group of freshwater fishes.

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Taxonomy of three species of the genus Spinoncaea (Copepoda, Oncaeidae) in the North Pacific Ocean with focus on morphological variability

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1043.64438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1043 ◽

pp. 147-191

Author(s):

Kyuhee Cho ◽

Chailinn Park ◽

Ruth Böttger-Schnack

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Red Sea ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Type Locality ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

The North ◽

The Pacific

Three species of Spinoncaea Böttger-Schnack, 2003 are newly recorded in three locations of the equatorial and temperate Pacific Ocean collected by using a net of 60 μm mesh size. For all three species, morphological characters and patterns of ornamentation were analyzed in detail and illustrations of both sexes, also including form variants of the females, are provided. For the first time, information about the variability of various continuous (morphometric) characters are given, such as the spine lengths on the rami of the swimming legs or the proportions of urosomites. The complementary morphological descriptions of the Pacific specimens focus on similarities or modifications of characters as compared to earlier descriptions of these species from the type locality and various other localities. For S. ivlevi (Shmeleva, 1966), originally but insufficiently described from the Adriatic Sea, the Pacific material is similar in most aspects to the comprehensive redescription of the species from the Red Sea and from the type locality, except for a difference in the morphometry of the distal endopod segment on the antenna, which is discussed here. For S. tenuis Böttger-Schnack, 2003, and S. humesi Böttger-Schnack, 2003, the Pacific material mostly coincides with the characteristic features as described in the original account from the Red Sea. For all three species, differences and/or additions in ornamentation details were found in Pacific specimens (e.g., on the intercoxal sclerite of the first swimming leg or on the genital somite of the male) and females with aberrant morphology were detected. Genetic analyses based on 12S srRNA revealed for two species, S. ivlevi and S. humesi, little or no differences in genetic sequences between Pacific specimens and those recorded from the Mediterranean Sea, thus demonstrating that specimens from both locations are conspecific. For S. tenuis, for which no comparable genetic data are available, 12S srRNA amplification was unsuccessful as was the amplification of mitochondrial COI (barcoding) for all three species. The applicability of using COI amplification for barcoding of oncaeid copepods is discussed.

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