scholarly journals Análisis de la inclusión económica de los jóvenes al Mercado laboral en ecuador en el periodo 2009 al 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6072-6082
Author(s):  
Melina Veliz Andrade ◽  
Andrea Vega Granda ◽  
Víctor Garzón Montealegre ◽  
Jessica Quezada Campoverde ◽  
Eveligh Prado-Carpio
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Labor Institutions ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la inclusión económica juvenil en el mercado laboral del Ecuador en el periodo 2009 al 2019, tomando como referencia información de fuentes secundarias, correspondientes a la recopilación de evidencias investigativas como la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), el Ministerio de Trabajo, el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC), entre otras revisiones bibliográficas enfocadas en la situación real que atraviesan la mayoría de los jóvenes en el país, en base a los resultados obtenidos se establecen los factores más relevantes que determinan la empleabilidad, como son la educación, la oferta y demanda laboral, las condiciones socio-económicas, instituciones labores, entre otros que como consecuencia, ha disminuido el pleno empleo, el subempleo y por lo contrario el desempleo ha aumentado.   This article aims to analyze youth economic inclusion in the Ecuadorian labor market in the period 2009 to 2019, taking as reference information from secondary sources, corresponding to the compilation of investigative evidence such as the International Labor Organization (ILO), the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Ministry of Labor, the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC), among other bibliographic reviews focused on the real situation that the majority of young people in the country go through, based on the results obtained establish the most relevant factors that determine employability, such as education, labor supply and demand, socio-economic conditions, labor institutions, among others, which as a consequence, has decreased full employment, underemployment and on the contrary, unemployment has increased.

scholarly journals TERMINATION OF EMPLOYEES’ EMPLOYMENT DURING COVID-19: A GUIDE FOR EMPLOYERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH EMPLOYMENT LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Mumtaj Hassan ◽  
Anis Shuhaiza Md Salleh ◽  
Yusramizza Md Isa @ Yusuff
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Business Profit ◽  
Almost All

The global pandemic of COVID-19 has endangered the human and economic well-being in the world. It also has a huge impact on almost all industries at home and abroad. The International Labor Organization (ILO) expects the pandemic to increase layoffs and unemployment worldwide. In this case, employers are certainly in a dilemma, each looking for and juggling between workers' income and business profit. Thus, this article explores the aspect of termination of employees’ employment through library-based research that focuses on the use of statutes, courts’ cases, legal documents, and scholarly writings published in journals. Descriptive and critical methods are used to analyse the primary and secondary sources referred to. This article stresses that there are procedures and laws which employers need to obey in order to address the excessive number of employees in the face of pandemics. Dismissal of employees should not be done arbitrarily without justifications and procedures that have been outlined by law. The discussion ended with suggestions to employers so that any layoffs can be blocked and minimized.

scholarly journals Avançou? Retrocedeu? Considerações sobre os direitos humanos e as ações afirmativas para os povos Indígenas na América Latina

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Juliane Sachser Angnes ◽  
Elisa Yoshie Ichikawa ◽  
Marcel Luciano Klozovski ◽  
Maria De Fátima Quintal de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina

This theoretical essay proposes to understand how the contemporary conception of Human Rights is configured, and from that, to articulate the affirmative actions for Indigenous peoples inserted in this conception. In other words, it reflects on how this process took place in Latin America, that is, whether these actions proposed in Latin America for Indigenous peoples adopt a perspective constituted by the “subject of law” being seen in its particularity and peculiarity, and whether there have been advances or setbacks. The results showed that, specifically, from the conceptions presented at the International Labor Organization (OIT) there was a break in the integrationist paradigm, showing a real advance in the expressions of these conceptions and the ways in which indigenous societies are understood, at least in the applied legislation in Latin America. However, there is still much to reflect on and fight for.

International Labor Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-602
Keyword(s):  
Full Employment ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Wage Increases

The primary emphasis of the report of the Director-General of the International Labor Organization to the thirty-fourth session of the Conference was the issue of wage policy in conditions of full employment. The Conference debate on this question, stimulated by the report Mr. Morse hoped, would help ILO member countries to arrive at wage-price policies “designed to promote the best interests both of workers and of the community as a whole, in conditions of full employment and scarcity of labor.” The problem of wage determination had been receiving renewed public attention, mainly owing to the desire to include restraint of wage increases in a program designed to minimize the possible inflationary effects of full employment, economic development and rearmament. There existed also a belief that adjustments in the wage structures of most countries were needed to provide increased incentives for workers to acquire skill, to work harder and to man the essential industries where labor was particularly scarce.

scholarly journals Is unemployment on steroids in advanced economies?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Di Bella ◽  
Francesco Grigoli ◽  
Francisco Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Macroeconomic Theory ◽  
Demand Shocks ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Labor Institutions ◽  
Labor Supply And Demand ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Persistent Unemployment

Abstract Conventional macroeconomic theory is based on the idea that demand shocks can only have temporary effects on unemployment, however several European economies display highly persistent unemployment dynamics. The theory of hysteresis points out that, under certain conditions, demand disturbances can have permanent effects. We find strong evidence of unemployment hysteresis in advanced economies since the 1990s. Relying on an identification scheme instigated by an insider/outsider model, we exploit the heterogeneity in impulse responses to demand shocks to investigate what labor institutions soften or amplify these responses. Our results indicate that strengthening labor institutions that promote a faster adjustment of real wages, removing disincentives for firms to hire and for workers to be employed, and improving the matching between labor supply and demand can lessen the effects of adverse demand shocks and lead to a faster reversion of unemployment rates to pre-shock levels.

Economic and Social Council

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-511
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Social Council ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
Health Organization

Economic Commission for Europe: The Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) held its twelfth (tenth anniversary) session in Geneva from April 29 to May 15, 1957 under the chairmanship of Dr. Oskar Lange. In addition to governmental representatives, the following intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations participated: the International Labor Organization(ILO), the International Monetary Fund, the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. The Executive Secretary of the Commission, Mr. Gunnar Myrdal, whose resignation was announced April 1, 1957, and who was to be succeeded by Mr. Sakari S. Tuomioja of Finland, gave the opening speech in which he voiced concern over the political split in Europe, urging, however, that there still existed a broad opportunity for constructive efforts toward international cooperation.

International Labor Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-446
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Different Types

The sixth report of the International Labor Organization to the United Nations noted that, in the preparation of the 1953 program of ILO, the organization had found itself faced with the necessity of distinguishing between what was essential and what was desirable. “The criteria for this distinction have been the financial capacity of Governments to pay.’ Two general objectives toward which all ILO activities were directed were methods of increasing labor productivity and action to secure and maintain full employment. However, it was emphasized that these were long-range objectives which could not be measured in the “arbitrary time limit” of a single year. Shifts in emphasis in ILO's program were more apparent in different types of activity within these general fields rather than in the adoption of a different program. For example, the report continued, in 1950 when there appeared that a threat of recession in the United States and Europe existed, ILO placed particular emphasis on problems of full employment; since that time, ILO had placed increasing emphasis on problems of underemployment in underdeveloped countries.

International Labor Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Fourth Session

The Building, Civil Engineering and Public Works Committee of the International Labor Organization held its fourth session in Geneva from October 26 through November 6, 1953, under the chairmanship of M. Kaufmann (Switzerland), a government member of the Governing Body. Reports had been submitted by the International Labor Office on the three items on the meeting's agenda: 1) a general report dealing particularly with action taken by ILO members and the Governing Body in the light of previous committee conclusions; 2) methods of facilitating the progressive application in the construction industry of the principle of a guaranteed wage; and 3) factors affecting the productivity of the construction industry. After the delegates – which represented 24 countries on a tripartite basis – analyzed the problems and progress which the construction industry faced in their countries, the committee approved a series of resolutions which covered such subjects as: 1) action by engineers and architects with a view to raising productivity in the industry, 2) contract practices, 3) vocational training, 4) mechanization, 5) the psychologicàl factor involved in raising productivity, and 5) sharing the benefits of in-creased productivity. A memorandum concerning a guaranteed wage was approved without opposition which endorsed the principle of a guaranteed wage, either by agreeing to provide a specified period of work at ordinary rate of pay or by paying a minimum sum during the specified period regardless of whether or not the workers could be kept employed in customary or reasonably alternate work. In a further resolution, the committee stressed the role which the construction industries could play in implementing policies of full employment. By a vote of 60 to 39 with 24 abstentions it decided to place on the agenda of its next session the questions of protection of conditions of employment and living conditions of young workers, prevention of industrial accidents, reduction of hours of work, and practical measures for securing and maintaining full employment in the construction industry.

Cooperation of the UN specialized agencies with the countries of the world (experience of the ILO in Uzbekistan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
E. Sultanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Protection Of Life

Based on the study of international experience in the development of the fundamental principles of the International Labor Organization, the specifi cs of its activities, the signifi cance for national states, in particular, Uzbekistan, are revealed. The article focuses in detail on the adopted legal norms aimed at ensuring full employment and improving the standard of living, creating jobs that provide the necessary protection of life and health, the well-being of mothers and children, equal opportunities for men and women to obtain the desired housing, opportunities for education, intellectual development, and career growth.

International Labor Organization

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Director General ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
International Labor

In his report to the 36th session of the International Labor Conference the Director-General (Morse) selected the problem of productivity as a special theme for emphasis and debate. Mr. Morse wrote that since 1950 the need for higher productivity had become steadily more apparent, that a great deal of the work of the International Labor Organization had always impinged on the problem of productivity, and that during the last four years he had increasingly stressed the need to extend and intensify ILO's work on this problem. He urged the delegates to the conference to do what they could “to secure a wide-spread comprehension and acceptance of the need for higher productivity and of the ways in which it can be achieved.” Three main ways in which the resources needed to raise the living standards of the less well-to-do section of the community might be made available were: 1) a larger proportion of total output of wealth might be distributed to wages and social services at the expense of recipients of other income; 2) where there was less than full employment, an increase in wealth could be achieved by bringing all available resources into employment; and 3) total output might be increased by securing a larger output per unit of resources already in employment. Mr. Morse believed that the most essential conditions under which higher productivity would yield an increase in welfare were: a) that there should be the fullest possible consultation and cooperation between employers and workers in the application of measures to raise productivity, b) that the benefits of higher productivity should be fairly distributed, c) that effective action should be taken to ensure that higher productivity did not lead to unemployment, and d) that higher productivity should be sought by means which only required of workers a working speed and intensity which they could maintain without increased fatigue, strain, or risk to health or safety.

International Labor Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-349
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
Field Office ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Near Future

From December 8 to 11, 1948, the 107th session of the Governing Body of the International Labor Organization was held in Geneva. The Governing Body undertook to administer programs in the field of job-training and workers migration, activities urged on ILO by the Organization for European Economic Cooperation and by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. These were new activities for ILO, which had hitherto confined itself to studies and consultations but had not undertaken administrative responsibility. The Governing Body decided to review four of the nine labor conventions adopted by the 28th International Labor (Maritime) Conference in 1946. At the 32nd session of the Conference at Geneva in June conventions covering social security for seafarers, paid vacations, accommodations for crews, and wages and hours were to be discussed with a view to possible revision. It was decided to establish a field office on technical training in Asia, to appoint a tripartite committee or governing body of technical training experts to meet periodically on manpower problems, and to hold a conference of experts on technical training in Asia in the near future.

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