scholarly journals Unique Case Series of Occipital Sinus and Its Thrombosis- A Radiological Marvel

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
R. Harikiran Reddy ◽  
Pooja Subramanya ◽  
Joish Upendra Kumar ◽  
B. Gurumurthy ◽  
Punya. J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Intraventricular Haemorrhage ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Venous Anatomy ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Occipital Sinus ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Background: Variations of the dural venous sinuses may result in inaccurate imaging interpretation or complications during surgical approaches. One of these variations reported infrequently is the occipital sinus with an overall incidence of under 10%.When present, it may get thrombosed or become source of intracranial bleeds or pose difficulty during occipital craniotomies. Our review suggests that the thrombosis of this unique venous sinus variant is a rare condition as there are very few case reports of the same. Herein, we present a case series of persistent occipital sinus and the unusual combination of a persistent occipital sinus and its thrombosis. Subjects and Methods: The study included 4 paediatric cases that presented with neonatal seizuressecondary to different underlying aetiologies and in retrospect had either persistent andpatent occipital sinus or a thrombosed occipital sinus. A descriptive study of the aforementioned cases was carried out. MRI scanner PHILIPS Achieva 1.5 Tesla was used for diagnosis. Results: One case had thrombosis of bilateral persistent occipital sinuses and superficial cortical veins with minimal intraventricular haemorrhage in bilateral lateral ventricles.Second case had persistent and thrombosed right occipital sinus; while two other cases had persistent but patent occipital sinuses. Conclusion: A comprehensive knowledge of cerebral venous anatomy and meticulous recognition of venous variations essentially helps when dealing with a pathology, which presents along with a particular venous variation, no matter how rare this combination is.

scholarly journals Malignant priapism due to penile metastases: Case series and literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco De Luca ◽  
Evangelos Zacharakis ◽  
Majed Shabbir ◽  
Angela Maurizi ◽  
Emy Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Palliative Intent ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Malignant Priapism ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder ◽  
Organ Site ◽  
Penile Metastases

Malignant priapism secondary to penile metastases is a rare condition. This term was originally used by Peacock in 1938 to describe a condition of painful induration and erection of the penis due to metastatic infiltration by a neoplasm. In the current literature there are 512 case reports. The primary tumor sites are bladder, prostate and rectum. The treatment has only palliative intent and consists of local tumor excision, penectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We present one case of malignant priapism originated from prostate cancer, and two from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Different approaches in diagnosis and therapy were performed. The entire three patient reported a relief of the pain following the treatment, with an improvement of their quality of life, even though it was only temporary as a palliative. Malignant priapism is a rare medical emergency. Penile/pelvis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and corporal biopsies are considered an effective method of diagnosis of the primary organ site.

scholarly journals Trends in the publication of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in Africa: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin ◽  
Akinlabi Emmanuel Ajao
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Mucosal Perforation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

There are still global variations in the epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, although the clinical presentations may be similar. Outcome of management, however, may depend on the degree of evolution of management of the anomaly. This review aimed at evaluating the trends of reporting of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis from Africa. An evaluation of all publications from Africa on infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis focusing on epidemiology, evolution of management of the anomaly was carried out. Literature search of all publications from Africa on Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was conducted from January 1, 1951, to December 31, 2018. The articles were sourced from the databases of African Index Medicus, OvidSP, PubMed, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. Extracted from these publications were information on the type of article, trend of reporting, the country of publication, demographic details of the patients, number of cases, clinical presentation, pre-operative management, type of surgical approach, and the outcome of management. Overall, 40 articles were published from 11 countries. Of these, 16 (40.0%) were published in the first 35 years (Group A, 1951–1985) and 24 (60.0%) published in the later 33 years (Group B, 1986– 2018). Case reports 8 (20.0%) and case series 5 (12.5%) were predominant in Group A, whereas retrospective studies 12 (30.0%) predominated in Group B. The countries of publication included Nigeria (27.5%), South Africa (15.0%), Egypt (12.5%), Tanzania (10.0%), and Zimbabwe (10.0%). A total of 811 patients diagnosed and managed for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) were reported. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 1 year with an incidence that ranged from 1 in 550 to 12.9 in 1000. There were 621 boys and 114 girls (M:F – 5.5:1). All the patients were breastfed with an average birth rank incidence of 42.4% among firstborns, 19.5% in second borns, 15.2% in third borns, 13.2% among fourth borns, and 10.0% among fifth borns and beyond. Associated congenital anomalies were reported in 5 (12.5%) studies with an incidence of 6.9–20% occurring in a total of 28 patients. All but 3 (7.5%) studies reported that open surgery was adopted to perform Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy on the patients. Reported post-operative complications include mucosal perforation in 8 (20.0%) studies, surgical site infection in 7 (17.5%), gastroduodenal tear 2 (5.0%), and hemorrhage and incisional hernia in 1 (2.5%) study each. Mortality was reported in 26 (65.0%) studies with a range of 1.8–50% and a mean mortality rate of 5.2%. There has been a change in the trend of reporting IHPS in Africa over the years, with increasing comparative studies on the modalities of management compared to case reports and series. Still very limited work has been done in the aspect of genetics and etiology of IHPS among Africans. There is a need to increase funding in this regard and to encourage multi-center collaborations in the study of this relatively rare condition.

scholarly journals Pai syndrome: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2635-2640
Author(s):  
Francesca Olivero ◽  
Thomas Foiadelli ◽  
Sabino Luzzi ◽  
Gian Luigi Marseglia ◽  
Salvatore Savasta
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Frontonasal Dysplasia ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Median Cleft ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Pai syndrome is a rare idiopathic developmental condition characterized by midline craniofacial abnormalities. It was originally described as the presence of a median cleft lip, cutaneous polyps of the nasal mucosa and face, and midline lipomas of the central nervous system, mostly at the corpus callosum. However, there is great phenotypical variability and these characteristics are rarely all present at once. Objective The aim of this review was to analyze the available evidence regarding Pai syndrome in order to better delineate this rare condition and its features. Methods We analyzed the PubMed database using the words “Pai syndrome”, “frontonasal dysplasia”, “cleft lip”, “nasal polyp”, “facial polyp”, and “corpus callosum lipoma”, including reviews, case reports and case series. Conclusion There is no consensus regarding the diagnostic criteria of Pai syndrome up to date. It is usually diagnosed at birth, and its incidence is often underestimated. At present, the etiology of Pai syndrome is unknown. Several hypotheses regarding its genetic background have been made; however, there are not enough data yet to elucidate this point. An improved awareness could help in diagnosing the condition and performing the necessary investigations. These patients should have a multidisciplinary follow-up.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Systemic Literature review of Pericardial Decompression Syndrome: Often Unrecognized and Potentially Fatal Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Amro ◽  
Kanaan Mansoor ◽  
Mohammad Amro ◽  
Amal Sobeih ◽  
Mohamed Suliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Hemodynamic Deterioration

Background: Pericardial Decompression Syndrome (PDS) is defined as paradoxical hemodynamic deterioration and/or pulmonary edema, commonly associated with ventricular dysfunction. This phenomenon was first described by Vandyke in 1983. PDS is a rare but formidable complication of pericardiocentesis which if not managed appropriately is fatal. PDS as an entity has dispersed literature; this review is to understand its epidemiology, presentation, and management. Methodology: Medline: Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were utilized to do a systemic literature search. PRISMA protocol was employed. Abstracts, case reports, case series and clinical studies were identified since 1983 to 2019. A total of 6508 articles were reviewed out of which 210 were short listed, after removal of duplicates 49 manuscripts were included in this review. For Statistical analysis, patient data was tabulated in SPSS version 20. Cases were divided into two categories surgical and percutaneous groups. T test was done for continuous variable and chi square test was done for categorical data was used for analysis. Results: A total of 42 full length case reports, 2 poster abstracts, 3 case series of 2 patients , 1 case series of 4 patient s and 1 case series of 5 patients were included in the study. A total of 59 cases were included in this manuscript. Our data had 45.8% (n=27) males and 54.2% (n=32) females. The mean age of patients was 48.04 ± 17 years. Pericardiocentesis was performed in 52.5% (n=31) cases, Pericardiostomy was performed in 45.8% (n=27). The most common identifiable cause pericardial effusion was found to be malignancy in 35.6% (n=21). 23 cases reported pre-procedural ejection fraction which ranged from 20%-75% with a mean of 55.8 ± 14.6%, while 26 cases reported post procedural ejection fraction which ranged from 10%-65% with a mean of 30% ± 15.1%. Data was further divided into two categories namely, pericardiocentesis and pericardiostomy. The outcome as death was significant in the pericardiostomy arm with a p-value of < 0.00. Use of inotropic agents for the treatment of PDS was more common in needle pericardiocentesis with a p-value of 0.04. Lastly, the computed recovery time did not yield any significance with a p-value of 0.275. Conclusion: Pericardial decompression syndrome is a rare condition with high mortality. Operators performing pericardial drainage should be aware of this complication following drainage of cardiac tamponade, since early recognition and expeditious supportive care are the only therapeutic modalities available for adequate management of this complication.

scholarly journals Prognosis and Management of Communicating and Non-communicating Hydrocele

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Wedyan Salem Basaif ◽  
Abdullah Khalid Murshid ◽  
Yazeed Mohammed Alhadi ◽  
Sultan Dhafer Albarman ◽  
Mohammed Jamal Almunaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Tunica Vaginalis ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Left Hemi

Hydrocele can be found as a collection of fluid within the testicular tunica vaginalis. According to the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease, it can be classified into primary and secondary. Furthermore, primary hydrocele might include the closed or non-communicating, the communicating type, the congenital and or neonatal type. Many management approaches have been proposed for both the communicating and non-communicating hydrocele with different post-operative and prognostic outcomes. In this literature review, we have discussed the current management approaches and prognosis of communicating and non-community hydrocele. Adequate diagnosis of the condition is the first step to achieve favorable management outcomes. Although the reported management outcomes are reported to be effective in the literature, the surgical approaches seem to be superior. However, many side effects might be associated with these operations. Estimates show that following varicocelectomy procedures, ipselateral (left) hemi-scrotal varicocele is the most common condition to occur, which might even develop following the procedure by several months and years (in some cases). Further investigations are still needed because the current evidence is largely based on case reports and small case series investigations. Therefore, larger studies are needed to help draw effective management protocols and enhance the outcomes and prognosis.

scholarly journals Generalized Granuloma Annulare Can Be Presented With Different Clinical Morphologies In The Same Patient: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Ayman Mahran ◽  
Mohamed Allam ◽  
Hiba Ahmed ◽  
Alaa Ghazally ◽  
Asmaa M Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Granuloma Annulare ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Small Case Series ◽  
Erythematous Plaques ◽  
Over Time

The term granuloma annulare (GA) appropriately describes the classic type characterized by ringed erythematous plaques with histological palisaded granulomatous inflammation. However, GA now includes a range of disease. Over time, more atypical, rare types have been reported in isolated case reports or small case series. Here, we describe a unique case of generalized GA presented by two morphologically different lesions in a 52 years old diabetic man. To the best of our knowledge, this association has never been reported in the literature.

Tongue abscess: a rare condition. A report of two cases and a summary of 66 reported cases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Surgical Incision ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Tongue (lingual) abscess is a rare condition, which, potentially compromise the airway acutely and may lead to death in the misdiagnosed cases. The incidence of such cases has been extensively reduced since the introduction of antibiotics era and most of our current knowledge is based, mainly, on a limited number of case reports. Here, we reviewed the current available data related to tongue abscess using the Pub-Med database and present two new cases which were treated at our institute. In total, 66 cases (43 case reports and 8 case series) were fall within the inclusion criteria and were discussed in the current study. The presenting symptoms included mainly, but not limited, pain and swelling of the tongue. In extreme cases, airway securing by tracheostomy procedure is considered. Most of cases were treated by needle aspiration and/or surgical incision and drainage with excellent outcome. No specific bacterial signature was noticed. To conclude, lingual abscess must be recognized promptly, followed by securing airway and surgical drainage.

Sarcoma of the breast: an update on a rare entity

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Zann Lim ◽  
Kong Wee Ong ◽  
Benita Kiat Tee Tan ◽  
Sathiyamoorthy Selvarajan ◽  
Puay Hoon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Breast Sarcoma ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Epithelial Tumours

Breast sarcoma is a rare condition. It consists of a heterogeneous group of non-epithelial tumours arising from the mesenchymal tissue of the breast. It has a distinctly different natural history, treatment response and prognosis as compared with carcinoma of the breast. A different diagnostic approach and treatment strategy have to be defined for this group of tumours. Due to its rarity, the current understanding on breast sarcoma is limited and is mostly based on small retrospective case series or case reports. Hence, the management generally follows the algorithms derived from randomised control trials of soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities and chest wall. Through this review, we discuss the results of major retrospective studies on breast sarcomas including data on epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic approach, treatment strategies and outcomes of this challenging and potentially aggressive condition.

Diagnosis and management of urethro-cavernosal fistulas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-401
Author(s):  
Jullet Han ◽  
Saum Ghodoussipour ◽  
Evgeniy I Kreydin ◽  
Leo Doumanian
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Objective: To present a case series of urethro-cavernosal fistulas evaluating their diagnostic work-up and management. Methods: A literature search was performed using key words including “urethro-cavernosal fistula,” “urethral fistula,” and “cavernosal fistula.” Results: In total 10 case reports were identified and reviewed for information regarding clinical diagnosis, management, and long-term outcomes including success rates and complications. Conclusion: Urethro-cavernosal fistula is a rare urological condition. With few cases reported to date, there is considerable variation in diagnostic work-up and management. Both conservative and surgical approaches can be utilized in the management of urethro-cavernosal fistulas with good long-term outcomes. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.

Presentation and Management of Giant Fibrovascular Polyps of the Hypopharynx and Esophagus

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julina Ongkasuwan ◽  
C. Lane Anzalone ◽  
Esperanza Salazar ◽  
Donald T. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Endoscopic Removal ◽  
Lateral Pharyngotomy ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
Life Threatening

Objective: Fibrovascular polyps of the hypopharynx and esophagus are rare, with few case reports in the literature. In this article, we present our institutional experience with a focus on airway and surgical management. Study Design: Case series. Setting: Tertiary academic institution. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 4 patients that presented to a tertiary medical center with fibrovascular polyps between 1990 and 2012. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic studies, and surgical approaches were reviewed. A review of the published literature was also performed. Results: The average age at presentation was 72 years (range, 59-85 years). Among the 4 patients, 2 presented with airway compromise requiring tracheotomy. All patients had removal of the polyp shortly after presentation; 2 underwent transcervical approaches with lateral pharyngotomy/esophagotomy, and the other 2 had endoscopic removal. The polyps arose from the hypopharynx in 3 patients and upper esophagus in 1. Three patients had complete resolution of their symptoms and remained disease free. One patient had recurrence of the polyp 2 years later and is currently being observed. Conclusion: Fibrovascular polyps are rare tumors of the hypopharynx/esophagus that present in older adults. Although benign, they can cause life-threatening airway compromise that may necessitate tracheotomy. We present 4 cases of fibrovascular polyps and discuss our evolving surgical management, including endoscopic removal.

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