scholarly journals Improved Soil Irrigation System Using IOT Recommendation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
T. Prakash ◽  
T. Thaha Tasliem ◽  
R. Vishnu Devi ◽  
Dr.A. Rajivkannan ◽  
Dr.N. Saravanan

Farming remaining parts the area which contributes the most noteworthy to country. However, while considering innovation that is conveyed in this field, we locate that the improvement isn't gigantic. Presently a day's there is immense upgrade in advances which essentially affect different fields like horticulture, medical services and so forth Farming is the essential occupation in our country. The progression of water is overseen by solenoid valve. The opening and shutting of valve is done when a sign is send through microcontroller. The water to the base of plant is done drop by drop utilizing precipitation firearm and when the dampness level again become ordinary then sensor detects it and impart a sign to microcontroller and the worth is then shut. The IOT and microcontroller are associated and when dampness of the dirt become low dampness sensor sense it and impart sign to microcontroller. IOT assists with getting to data and settle on significant dynamic cycle by getting various qualities from sensors like soil dampness, sensors, water quality and so on.

2022 ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Lorena Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Oliveira ◽  
António Terrão Russo ◽  
kiril bahcevandziev ◽  
Ana Bela M. Lopes ◽  
...  

This chapter aims to analyze the rice production system at the Baixo Mondego Valley to understand the main concerns. Field research and field trials were carried out to analyze rice production, marketing systems, and different irrigation alternatives. An analysis on the worries was made, and a correlational attempt was done. The results show a production system oriented by agri-environmental policies. The problems related with rice irrigation are water scarcity, environmental impacts on water quality, agroecosystems, and methane emissions. To reduce water demand, the alternate wetting and drying flooding method, and the improvement of the precise land levelling were studied on the scope of MEDWATERICE Project. About 12-14% of water saving was observed, with impact on production lower than 3.5%, allowing period of 11-19 days of dry soil, expecting positive implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Innovation in the irrigation system may help to reduce some of the farmers' concerns and help to better adapt this crop to the new needs of agriculture in terms of environmental competitiveness.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tanaka ◽  
Takahiro Sato ◽  
Kazuo Watanabe ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 1708-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gortáres-Moroyoqui ◽  
L. Castro-Espinoza ◽  
Jaime E. Naranjo ◽  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
...  

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1500-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bush ◽  
Chuanxue Hong ◽  
Erik L. Stromberg

Stringent standards of water quality have prompted many horticultural enterprises to limit pollutant discharge associated with nutrient and pesticide applications. Collecting and recycling effluent is a method that has been implemented by many operations to contain pollutants; however, plant pathogens may be spread through recycled effluent. In this study, Phytophthora and Pythium spp. present in a water-recycling irrigation system at a perennial container nursery in southwestern Virginia were characterized using filtering and baiting techniques with two selective media. Members of Phytophthora were identified to species, whereas Pythium spp. were identified to genus only. Pythium spp. were recovered more frequently and in greater numbers than Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora capsici, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, and P. nicotianae were recovered in filtering assays. Only P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri were identified from baits placed on the surface of the irrigation reservoir, whereas P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. citricola, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, and P. drechsleri were recovered at depths, specifically at 1 and 1.5 m. This research provides data for development of detection technology and management practices for plant pathogens in irrigation water and may lead to improvements in conventional assay protocols.


Irriga ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽  
José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽  
Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi ◽  
Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da Silva

O EFEITO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA NO ENTUPIMENTO DE  EMISSORES E NO DESEMPENHO DE FILTROS UTILIZADOS NA IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO   Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro; José Euclides Stipp Paterniani; Rogério Pereira da Silva Airoldi; Marcelo Jacomini Moreira da SilvaDepartamento de Água e Solo, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, [email protected]   1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo proceder a investigação experimental de uma fonte hídrica superficial, utilizada em um sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, bem como verificar sua influência na obstrução dos gotejadores e no desempenho de dois filtros um de disco e outro de mata sintética não tecida. A água de irrigação foi clorada, empregando-se hipoclorito  de sódio. Utilizou-se água provinda de um reservatório aberto, onde foi instalado um módulo de irrigação localizada para o estudo.  Analisou-se a variação temporal da qualidade da água durante um ano, onde considerou-se os principais parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos da água que causam problemas de entupimentos nos emissores. O desempenho dos filtros foi feito através da comparação das concentrações dos efluentes dos filtros de disco (usualmente utilizado para este fim) e manta sintética não tecida,  em relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicas. O grau de obstrução dos emissores foi avaliado através de ensaios de vazão que determinaram a uniformidade de distribuição da água através de dois índices, onde variou-se o número de emissores amostrados.  A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas de 30 dias, realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Os resultados apontaram na água de irrigação, que os parâmetros químicos pH e o ferro apresentaram médio risco de entupimento e sulfetos de hidrogênio mostraram alto risco de entupimento.  Não houve uma diferença no desempenho do filtro de manta e de disco com relação aos parâmetros físicos e biológicos de seus efluentes.  Os valores das médias dos índices de uniformidade de distribuição de água foram bem próximos para as duas parcelas que utilizaram os dois filtros de manta e disco.  UNITERMOS: irrigação localizada, índice de uniformidade, filtração, manta sintética não tecida, tratamento químico  RIBEIRO, T. A. P.; PATERNIANI, J. E. S.; AIROLDI, R. P. da S.; SILVA, M. J. M. da THE WATER QUALITY EFFECT IN THE CLOGGING OF EMITTERS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF FILTERS UTILIZED IN THE TRICKLE IRRIGATION  2 ABSTRACT  The present work aimed to carry out an experimental investigation of a superficial water source utilized in trickle irrigation as well as verify its influence in the clogging of drippers and in the performance of two filters: a disc one and a non woven synthetic one. The irrigation water was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite. The water used in this experiment was from an open reservoir where an experimental trickle irrigation system was installed. The temporal variations of the water quality was assessed for one year, considering the main physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water that causes clogging in the emitters. The filter performance was assessed by comparing the effluent concentration in the disc filters (normally used for this purpose) and in non-woven synthetic fabric, for physical and biological parameters. The emitter obstruction degree was assessed through flow tests which determined the uniformity of water distribution through two rates where the number of sampled emitters varied. The research was developed in four 30-day stages, carried out in different seasons of the year. For the irrigation water, the results indicated that the chemical parameters (pH) and iron showed a medium risk of clogging whereas hydrogen sulphites showed a high risk of clogging. There was not a difference in the performance of fabric and disc filters in relation to physical and biological parameters of their effluents. The average values for  water distribution uniformity rates were pretty close for the two blocks that utilized both disc and fabric filters.  KEYWORDS: trickle irrigation, uniformity index, filtration, non-woven synthetic fabrics, chemical treatment


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stuart Easton

<p>Poor water quality is currently a major environmental issue worldwide and in New Zealand, where reactive Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) lost from agricultural fields are significant drivers of water quality degradation in rural catchments. Irrigation application to crops is essential to agricultural production however irrigation inputs can increase N and P losses to waterways via drainage and/or overland flow directly and as a result of reduced soil capacity to buffer rainfall events. Indirect nutrient losses are also increased following irrigation implementation due to amplified farming intensity. Furthermore, irrigation applications represent the world’s greatest consumptive use of water. Improving irrigation efficiency with regard to water use represents a synergistic opportunity for the improvement of a number of different ecosystem services including water quality, water supply, and food production.  Spatially explicit modelling of irrigation is needed to determine inefficiencies in water delivery and target these inefficiencies for management or mitigation at sub-field scales. A complimentary need exists for irrigation modelling within ecosystem service decision support tools so that nutrient and water movement can be accurately quantified in irrigated environments.   This thesis describes the development and implementation of SLIM – the Spatially-explicit LUCI Irrigation Model. SLIM adapts existing lumped hydrological and irrigation modelling techniques and practices to a fully distributed, spatially explicit framework, so that sub-field variations in water flows resulting from variable soil properties are accounted for. SLIM is generally applicable across New Zealand, using readily available national scale datasets and literature derived parameters. SLIM is capable of predicting irrigation depth and timing based on common management strategies and irrigation system characteristics, or can replicate irrigation applications where information is available. Outputs from SLIM are designed to assist irrigation management decisions at the field level, and to inform the hydrology component of the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) ecosystem service assessment framework. Standalone SLIM outputs include time-series files, water balance plots, and raster maps describing the efficiency and efficacy of the modelled irrigation system.   SLIM has been applied in three different agroecosystems in New Zealand under surface, micro, and spray irrigation systems, each characterised by different levels of data availability. Results show that SLIM is able to accurately predict the timing of irrigation applications and provide usable information to inform irrigation application decisions. SLIM outputs emphasise the importance of soil variability with regard to water loss and risk of nutrient leaching. Opportunity exists for irrigation water use efficiency to be improved through targeted management at sub-field scales in New Zealand farming systems.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stuart Easton

<p>Poor water quality is currently a major environmental issue worldwide and in New Zealand, where reactive Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorous (P) lost from agricultural fields are significant drivers of water quality degradation in rural catchments. Irrigation application to crops is essential to agricultural production however irrigation inputs can increase N and P losses to waterways via drainage and/or overland flow directly and as a result of reduced soil capacity to buffer rainfall events. Indirect nutrient losses are also increased following irrigation implementation due to amplified farming intensity. Furthermore, irrigation applications represent the world’s greatest consumptive use of water. Improving irrigation efficiency with regard to water use represents a synergistic opportunity for the improvement of a number of different ecosystem services including water quality, water supply, and food production.  Spatially explicit modelling of irrigation is needed to determine inefficiencies in water delivery and target these inefficiencies for management or mitigation at sub-field scales. A complimentary need exists for irrigation modelling within ecosystem service decision support tools so that nutrient and water movement can be accurately quantified in irrigated environments.   This thesis describes the development and implementation of SLIM – the Spatially-explicit LUCI Irrigation Model. SLIM adapts existing lumped hydrological and irrigation modelling techniques and practices to a fully distributed, spatially explicit framework, so that sub-field variations in water flows resulting from variable soil properties are accounted for. SLIM is generally applicable across New Zealand, using readily available national scale datasets and literature derived parameters. SLIM is capable of predicting irrigation depth and timing based on common management strategies and irrigation system characteristics, or can replicate irrigation applications where information is available. Outputs from SLIM are designed to assist irrigation management decisions at the field level, and to inform the hydrology component of the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) ecosystem service assessment framework. Standalone SLIM outputs include time-series files, water balance plots, and raster maps describing the efficiency and efficacy of the modelled irrigation system.   SLIM has been applied in three different agroecosystems in New Zealand under surface, micro, and spray irrigation systems, each characterised by different levels of data availability. Results show that SLIM is able to accurately predict the timing of irrigation applications and provide usable information to inform irrigation application decisions. SLIM outputs emphasise the importance of soil variability with regard to water loss and risk of nutrient leaching. Opportunity exists for irrigation water use efficiency to be improved through targeted management at sub-field scales in New Zealand farming systems.</p>


2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson André ARMINDO2 ◽  
Tarlei Arriel BOTREL ◽  
Priscila Rosenbaum FERIANCIC

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade e o desempenho de um protótipo de sistema de pulverização (NOTLIADA), acoplado ao sistema de irrigação pivô central, quanto ao conjunto de emissão; ao conjunto eletro-eletrônico de acionamento; a válvula solenóide; e a adaptação de uma tubulação de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), de instalação predial soldável. Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo do sistema, montando em uma área anexa ao Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (LER), pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que não houve alteração, a 5% de significância, da vazão dos quatro tipos de conjuntos de emissão testados em 505 horas intermitentes de avaliação. Também a 5% de significância, não houve variação dos diâmetros dos emissores. O circuito eletro-eletrônico, a válvula solenóide, a tubulação de material PVC (cloreto de polivinila) soldável e os demais dispositivos da barra de pulverização operaram satisfatoriamente no mesmo período de avaliação confirmando a confiabilidade do sistema de pulverização desenvolvido. ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the durability and performance of the pulverization system prototype (NOTLIADA) attached to center pivot irrigation system. The flow emission sets, electronic actuation, solenoid valve and the adaptation of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were evaluated. Tests were performed on a prototype system, riding in the Laboratório de Hidráulica of the Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, belonging to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ /USP. The results showed no change, 5% significance level, in the flow of the four different emission sets tested in intermittent evaluation and also, no significant variation of the emitters diameters. The circuit electronics, solenoid valve, pipe and other devices of the spray bar operated satisfactorily during the same period of evaluation confirmed the reliability of the pulverization system developed.


2020 ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Rhett B. Larson

This chapter discusses the Blue, Green, and Red Agendas of water law and policy. Thousands die every day from diseases related to water. Yet water law largely focuses on two agendas. The first agenda, the Blue Agenda, focuses on water supply and sustainability. The second agenda, the Green Agenda, focuses on water quality in nature and for human use and consumption. These two agendas often ignore, or are implemented in ways inconsistent with, the “Red Agenda.” The Red Agenda focuses on the prevention of waterborne infections, like cholera, and the control of water-related disease vectors, like mosquitoes transmitting malaria. Laws motivated by the Blue Agenda, like building a dam or irrigation system, can interfere with the Red Agenda by bringing mosquito habitat closer to humans. And laws motivated by the Green Agenda, like prohibiting discharges of pesticides into a river, can interfere with the Red Agenda by preventing a response to a malaria outbreak. This chapter describes these agendas, how and why they conflict, and how they can be better reconciled to achieve water security in public health.


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