scholarly journals Pakistan’s Exports and Global Economy: Export Competitiveness and Efficiency of Toys and Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Maqbool ◽  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
World Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Competitiveness

The aim of this study is to examine the export performance and competitiveness of Pakistan's toy exports by using different indices of revealed comparative advantage. The data were looked at from the International Trade Centre (ITC) for Pakistan’s toys exports during 2004-2020. The results of this study show that Pakistan enjoyed a comparative advantage in exporting toys to the world market during 2004-2020, because the RCA index is greater than 1. The positive values of RSCA and LnRCA indicate that Pakistan had a CA in the concerned sector during 2004-2020. The study also observed that Pakistan had a competitive advantage by employing Vollrath index (RCA#). In addition, the revealed competitiveness index (RC) indicates that Pakistan experienced competitiveness in the toy export sector. The RMA index shows that Pakistan also enjoyed a comparative advantage in the imports of toys during 2004-2020. This means that Pakistan also imports these products from other economies of the world. The index of RTA describes that Pakistan had a net comparative advantage in this sector during analysis. TBI illustrates that Pakistan is the net-exporter in the toys and games sector in the global economy. Pakistan's toy manufacturers need to find new innovative and technologically advanced methods to stimulate domestic toy production and exports.

scholarly journals Technology, Trade Liberalization, Provisional Advantage and Potentiality of Indian Handloom Sector: A Research during Reform Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1495-1501
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Almost All ◽  
National Trade

Traditionally Handloom sector was the backbone of Indian industry and the essence of Indian civilization and culture. After the evaluation of industrialization the handloom industry is facing stiff competition with power loom and consistently upgrading technology and other industries, nevertheless, the handloom industry has the significant contribution in the India’s international as well as intra-national trade. With this background, the present paper will examine the comparative advantage of Indian handloom industry with respect to global economy by applying the Ballasa (1965) index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and also examine the export competitiveness by using Porter Export competitiveness model, using highly disaggregated data from 2004 - 2013 by using WITS (World Integrated Trade Solution) WTO data set and the export performance of Indian handloom products during 2013-18 from the handloom export promotion council data set. Under the International classification of commodities at six-digit level, there are 21 groups are classified as the handloom products. This paper has calculated and analyzed the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of all handloom commodities at disaggregate level. Result shows that India has high revealed comparative advantage in almost all the handloom products, it’s in total 22 hand product India has high comparative advantage in 15 products and having a slight disadvantage in only 6 handloom products in studied and analyzed period of subsequent year 2004-2013. However, the export competitiveness indices show also the export advantage edge in handloom products. It shows that there is high potentiality of growth in handloom industry but lagging under capacity it lies behind it. This paper suggests government initiatives for the realization of handloom sector at its optimum level.

scholarly journals Competitiveness among Asian Exporters in the World Rice Market.

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (4II) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Tahir Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Competitiveness

With the gradual reduction in trade barriers led by the process of globalisation, more emphasis is now being placed on promoting export competitiveness. Asia is the home of many of the world’s top rice exporters. The food-price crisis has divided Asia into “rice haves” and “rice have-nots”. In order to describe the processes involved in securing and maintaining international competitiveness in rice exports, the present study has used the Balassa and White indices of revealed comparative advantage and revealed competitive advantage respectively. Results have revealed that Pakistan is the most competitive country in rice trade and ranks first in both agricultural product trade and total merchandise exports. JEL classification: C12, C43, Q17 Keywords: Asian Countries, Competitiveness, Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Competitive Advantage.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Pakistani Fruits in the World Market

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar Akhtar ◽  
M. Sharif ◽  
Hassnain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
World Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Trend

This paper examines the global competitiveness of Pakistan’s fruit exports (dates, mangoes, and oranges), using revealed comparative advantage (RCA). It also analyzes domestic consumption trends among selected fruits grown by major exporters. Our results indicate that Pakistan has a comparative advantage in fruit exports. Comparing the movement in comparative advantage indices for Pakistan with those of its main exporters/competitors demonstrates that Pakistan has a relatively high comparative and competitive advantage in the production of dates and mangoes. The increasing trend of competitiveness in Pakistan indicates that there is potential for higher growth; given that fruit exports are a potential source of higher exports earnings, there is a need to strengthen competitiveness in this sector.

scholarly journals The Basic for Trade According to International Trade Theories and Their Relation with Trade Policies

Ekonomika ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gražina Jatuliavičienė
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation

In the article is presented an overview over some of the competing theories aimed at explaining the basis and gains of international trade. Key classical concepts such as absolute and comparative advantage are explained and extended to include modern-day realities. The article also deals with important new trade theories, which base trade on economies of scale and imperfect competition, as well as on competitive advantage. This leads to the theoretical evaluation of a country’s trade policies and their impact on export performance.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DINAMIKA EKSPOR MINYAK NILAM INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinjung Nawang Sari ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
World Market ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
International Price ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Significant Factors

This study to analyze the Indonesin patchouli oil export to the world main market (USA), beteen 1989-2009 oeriod by analyzing : (1) the export oerformance, (2) the export competitiveness, and (3) the factors influenced to Indonesian patchouly oil export demand to USA. The export performance was measured  by trend of export, Trae Specialization Index (ISP), and Market Penetration Index  (IPP); while the export competitives was measured by Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Acceleration Ration (AR) Index. This study shows that : (1) the export performance have worked well : (a) trend export was positive, (b) ISP was positive (maturity level), (c) average of IPP was the biggest (2) the export competitiveness was strong; (a) average of RCA was the biggest, (b) AR value approached to +1, the export acceleration worked well;  (3) the significant factors influenced were world and France patchouli oil export, international price, and distillation point price. In order to maintained the export performance and decrease the competitiveness, should be done as following ; (1) to maintained the continuity of prioduct by making a commodity area consentration, (2) to strove the cooperation and support between government and industrialist, (3) government anda industrialist actively giving consulting to farmers for anticipating the world market needs and conditions, (4) improving the product quality; (5)mto give extra attention at buyer needs and stocks.

scholarly journals Export Specialization of India with Top Five Agricultural Economies: An Application of RCA and RSCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4705-4708 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Standard International Trade Classification ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Trade Classification ◽  
Export Specialization

The paper attempts to determine Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) of Indian agriculture sector with respect to top five agriculture exporting countries viz; USA, UK, UAE, Singapore and China. The study evaluates the structure of comparative advantage from 1995-2017. Data as per the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC-1) is used to compute RCA and RSCA index. The indices reveals the comparative advantage in case of majority of commodities like fish, fish preparations, fruits, vegetables, sugar, sugar preparations, miscellaneous food products, wood, lumber and cork. Increasing world demand for exports trailed by the competitiveness of Indian exports has played an important role in export performance.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF WORLD MAIN COFFEE PRODUCERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Nia Rosiana ◽  
Rita Nurmalina ◽  
Ratna Winandi ◽  
Amzul Rifin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
World Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The World

Tingkat pertumbuhan produksi kopi dunia cenderung menurun dibandingkan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan konsumsi kopi dunia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya produksi kopi di negara-negara penghasil utama. Hal ini berdampak pada jumlah kopi yang diekspor untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan kopi dunia. Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat persaingan antar negara produsen utama dalam lima periode waktu dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 2001-2003, rata-rata pertumbuhan daya saing antar negara paling tinggi dibanding periode lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya peningkatan ekspor yang cukup signifikan dari negara Honduras yang berdampak pada nilai RCA. Dalam periode 2012-2015, Colombia merupakan negara yang memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan daya saing paling tinggi karena peningkatan jumlah ekspor yang cukup signifikan. Perubahan daya saing dapat mempengaruhi perubahan posisi pasar ekspor suatu negara. Dalam periode 2012-2015, terdapat penurunan pangsa pasar yang terjadi di Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala dan Peru sedangkan peningkatan pangsa pasar terjadi di Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, dan Uganda. Posisi Indonesia di pasar kopi dunia tahun 2015 yaitu failing stars dimana pangsa kopi Indonesia lebih tinggi dari pangsa kopi dunia. Peningkatan daya saing akan meningkatkan pangsa pasar suatu negara yang didukung oleh peningkatan teknologi, kualitas dan produktivitas kopi. The rate of world coffee production growth tends to decrease compared to the growth rate of world coffee consumption. This is due to the decline of coffee production in some major producing countries. This has an impact on the quantity of exported coffee to meet the demand of world's coffee. This paper analyzed the level of competition among major producing countries in five periods of time using the analysis of RCA and DRCA. The results showed that during the period 2001-2003,the average growth of competitiveness among countries was found to be the highest compared to other periods. This was due to a significant increase in export from Honduras which affected the value of RCA. During the period 2012-2015, Colombia became a country that achieved the highest growth rate of competitiveness due to the significant increase in the number of export. Change in competitiveness can affect the export market position of a country. During the period 2012-2015, the decline in market shared occurred in Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala, and Peru, while the increasing market share occurred in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Uganda. Indonesia’s position in the world coffee in 2015 was at failing stars in which the coffee share in that country was higher than in the world market. Increased competitiveness will enhance the market share of a country that is supported by improvement of the technology, quality and productivity of coffee.

scholarly journals Revealed Comparative Advantages and Exports Competitiveness of Asean-5 Countries in the Global Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Maqbool ◽  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Competitive Disadvantage ◽  
Trade Center

This study aims at measuring the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the ASEAN-5 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) economies in the world market. The current study employed four indices of Revealed Comparative Advantage namely Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA), LnRCA, Vollrath index (RCA#) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage index (RSCA). The data for the analysis has been taken from International trade center UN-COMTRADE statistics for the exports of electrical machinery for these selected economies from 2003-2020. The findings of the analysis portray that Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand had a comparative and competitive advantage, while Indonesia had a comparative and competitive disadvantage in the electrical machinery in the global economy. This study will be helpful for the policy makers to boost human capital formation and to increase technology transfer and innovation to enhance the competitiveness and comparative advantage.

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