scholarly journals Estimation of Terrestrial Solar Radiation and its Variation with other Meteorological Parameters over Lokoja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Akpootu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Dry Seasons

The yearly and monthly estimation of terrestrial solar radiation over Lokoja using meteorological parameters of temperature and relative humidity during the period of twenty two years (July 1983 – June 2005) was investigated. The monthly variation of terrestrial solar radiation with meteorological parameters of global solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure were investigated. The results indicated that high values of terrestrial solar radiation were observed during the rainy season than in the dry season. The highest yearly average values of terrestrial solar radiation observed during the period under investigation were found to be in the year 2005 and 1983 with 378.3521 Wm^(-2) and 368.3232 Wm^(-2) respectively. The highest and lowest monthly values of terrestrial solar radiation were estimated during the rainy and dry seasons in the months of May and January with 385.6133 Wm^(-2) and 358.5111 Wm^(-2) respectively. High values of terrestrial solar radiation with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure were observed during the rainy season and low values during the dry season. The reverse is the case for terrestrial solar radiation with global solar radiation and temperature.

scholarly journals Time Series and Empirical Orthogonal Transformation Using Meteorological Parameters across the Climatic Zones in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 257-272
Author(s):  
D. O. Akpootu ◽  
B. I. Tijjani ◽  
U. M. Gana
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Orthogonal Transformation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Mean

Time series and empirical orthogonal transformation analysis was carried out for four (4) selected tropical sites, which are situated across the four different climatic zones, viz. Sahelian, Midland, Guinea savannah and Coastal region in Nigeria using measured monthly average daily global solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures, sunshine hours, rainfall, wind speed, cloud cover and relative humidity meteorological data during the period of thirty one years (1980-2010). Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were developed along with their respective statistical indicators of coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results indicated that the models were found suitable for one step ahead global solar radiation forecast for the studied locations. Furthermore, the results of the time series analysis revealed that the model type for all the meteorological parameters show a combination of simple seasonal with one or more of either ARIMA, winter’s additive and winter’s multiplicative with the level been more significant as compared to the trend and seasonal variations for the exponential smoothing model parameters in all the locations. The results of the correlation matrix revealed that the global solar radiation is more correlated to the mean temperature except for Akure where it is more correlated to the sunshine hours; the mean temperature is more correlated to the global solar radiation; the rainfall is more correlated to the relative humidity and the relative humidity is more correlated to the rainfall in all the locations. The results of the component matrix revealed that three seasons are identified in Nguru located in the Sahelian region namely, the rainy, the cool dry (harmattan) and the hot dry seasons while in Zaria, Makurdi and Akure located in the Midland, Guinea savannah and Coastal zones two distinct seasons are identified namely, the rainy and dry seasons.

scholarly journals A Modified Method to Generate Typical Meteorological Years from the Long-Term Weather Database

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Zang ◽  
Qingshan Xu ◽  
Pengwei Du ◽  
Katsuhiro Ichiyanagi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Modified Method

A modified typical meteorological year (TMY) method is proposed for generating TMY from practical measured weather data. A total of eleven weather indices and novel assigned weighting factors are applied in the processing of forming the TMY database. TMYs of 35 cities in China are generated based on the latest and accurate measured weather data (dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and daily global solar radiation) in the period of 1994–2010. The TMY data and typical solar radiation data are also investigated and analyzed in this paper, which are important in the utilizations of solar energy systems.

scholarly journals Prediction of daily global solar radiation using different empirical models on the basis of meteorological parameters at Trans Himalaya Region, Nepal

BIBECHANA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Usha Joshi ◽  
I B Karki ◽  
N P Chapagain ◽  
K N Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Sunshine Hour ◽  
Empirical Constants

Global Solar Radiation (GSR) is the cleanest and freely available energy resource on the earth.  GSR  was measured for six years (2010 -2015) at the horizontal surface using calibrated first-class CMP6 pyranometer at Kathmandu (Lat. 27.70o N, Long. 85.5oE and Alt. 1350m). This paper explains the daily, monthly, and seasonal variations of GSR and also compares with sunshine hour, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation to GSR. The annual average global solar radiation is about 4.16 kWh/m2/day which is a significant amount to promote solar active and passive energy technologies at the Trans-Himalaya region. In this study, the meteorological parameters are utilized in the regression technique for four different empirical models and finally, the empirical constants are found. Thus obtained coefficients are utilized to predict the GSR using meteorological parameters for the years to come. In addition, the predicted GSR is found to be closer to the measured value of GSR. The values are justified by using statistical tools such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE), and mean bias error (MBE). Finally, the values of R2, RMSE, MPE, and MBE are found to be 0.792, 1.405, -1.014, and 0.011, respectively for the model (D), which are based on sunshine hour, temperature and relative humidity. In this model, the empirical constants, a = 0.155, b = 0.134, c = 0.014 and d = 0.0007 are determined which can be utilized at the similar geographical locations of Nepal. BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 159-169

scholarly journals A Comparative study of Time Series, Empirical Orthogonal Transformation and Descriptive Statistical Analysis on Meteorological Parameters over Ogoja and Maiduguri

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
D. O. Akpootu ◽  
B. I. Tijjani ◽  
U. M. Gana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Orthogonal Transformation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Hours

In this study, time series statistical analysis was carried out on the monthly average daily meteorological parameters of global solar radiation, sunshine hours, wind speed, mean temperature, rainfall, cloud cover and relative humidity during the period of thirty one years (1980 – 2010) using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 with expert modeler to determine the level, trend and seasonal variations for Ogoja and Maiduguri. Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average models were determined for the two locations along with their respective statistical indicators of coefficient of determination, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Mean Absolute Error and are found suitable for one step ahead forecast for the studied area. The factor analysis (empirical orthogonal transformation) and descriptive statistical analysis was also carried out for the study areas under investigation. The results indicated that the model type for all the meteorological parameters for Ogoja is simple seasonal while that for Maiduguri is simple seasonal except for rainfall and cloud cover with winter’s additive and ARIMA models respectively. The correlation matrix obtained from the factor analysis for the studied area indicated that the global solar radiation and wind speed are more correlated with the mean temperature. The sunshine hours and mean temperature are more correlated with the global solar radiation. The rainfall is more correlated with the relative humidity; similarly, the relative humidity is more correlated with the rainfall. However, the cloud cover is more correlated to the rainfall for Ogoja while for Maiduguri the cloud cover is more correlated to the relative humidity. The component matrix analysis revealed that two seasons are identified for Ogoja; the rainy and dry seasons while for Maiduguri three seasons are identified; the rainy, cool dry (harmattan) and hot dry seasons. The skewness and kurtosis test for Ogoja indicated that the global solar radiation, sunshine hours, cloud cover and relative humidity are negatively skewed and the wind speed, mean temperature and rainfall are positively skewed while the global solar radiation, sunshine hours, wind speed, cloud cover and relative humidity indicates possibility of a leptokurtic distribution and the mean temperature and rainfall indicates possibility of a platykurtic distribution. The skewness and kurtosis for Maiduguri indicated that the solar radiation, rainfall and relative humidity are positively skewed and the sunshine hours, wind speed, mean temperature and cloud cover are negatively skewed while the global solar radiation, rainfall and cloud cover indicates possibility of a leptokurtic distribution and the sunshine hours, wind speed, mean temperature and relative humidity indicates possibility of a platykurtic distribution.

scholarly journals Chaotic Signatures and Global Solar Radiation model estimate over Nigeria, a Tropical region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedayo Adelakun ◽  
Folasade Adelakun
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Radiation Model ◽  
Model Estimate ◽  
Solar Radiation Model

Abstract. In a tropical region like Nigeria, accurate estimation and chaotic signatures of global solar radiation (Rs) are essential to the design of solar energy utilization systems in PV technology companies and one of the plant growth determinants in Agriculture. The Rs model is a function of solar declination angle, temperature difference, and relative humidity. In this paper, the daily re-analyzed atmospheric data obtained from the archive of ERA-Interim was used to estimate the nonlinear Global Solar radiation model and investigated chaotic signatures across the tropical climatic regions of Nigeria. The well-known statistical tools were used to analyze the chosen meteorological parameters and the correlation was found to be perfect, close with low values of RMSE across the selected regions over Nigeria. For proper modeling and prediction of the underlying dynamics, the extensive chaotic measures of phase space reconstruction using recurrence plots and recurrence quantification analyses are also presented, analyzed and discussed with the appropriate choice of embedded dimension, m, and time delay τ. The radiant energy from the sun is one of the most available and renewable resources across the season in a tropical region like Nigeria. The information, therefore, suggests how vital the solar irradiance can be useful in Agriculture and Photovoltaic technology companies. Based on the scarcely gauged of global solar radiation (GSR) at meteorological stations in developing countries. This demand necessitates a better understanding of the underlying dynamics for better prediction mostly by the nonlinear Global Solar radiation model estimate and chaotic signature measurement. The optimum usage of meteorological parameters such as solar radiation, relative humidity and temperature difference needs further studies, using RPs and RQA measures. However, several data such as rainfall data, geomagnetic data, ionospheric data, wind speed data etc obtained from different parts of the world have been estimated with several models and applied to RQA measures for better prediction and modeling. Using RPs and RQA, features due to external effects such as harmattan and intertropical discontinuity (ITD) on solar radiation data in this tropical region were uniquely identified. Meanwhile, the inverse characteristic behavior of solar radiation and relative humidity were vividly maintained. The results show a very low value of RMSE while the value of R2 is very closed to 1, which depicts a good prediction for all locations. However, the highest values of both SSE and RMSE, as well as the lowest value of R2 were observed in kano station, which indicates high solar irradiance location. The RPs reviewed the observed clusters points around the parallel diagonal lines with short segments, which implies the presence of chaos. Additional complex measure, the RQA also shows that the solar radiation during the dry season of the months has lower values of Lmax, determinism and entropy, and higher values during the wet season of the months.

scholarly journals Detrended Multiple Cross-Correlation Coefficient applied to solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea de Almeida Brito ◽  
Heráclio Alves de Araújo ◽  
Gilney Figueira Zebende
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Cross Correlations

AbstractDue to the importance of generating energy sustainably, with the Sun being a large solar power plant for the Earth, we study the cross-correlations between the main meteorological variables (global solar radiation, air temperature, and relative air humidity) from a global cross-correlation perspective to efficiently capture solar energy. This is done initially between pairs of these variables, with the Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, ρDCCA, and subsequently with the recently developed Multiple Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2. We use the hourly data from three meteorological stations of the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology located in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Initially, with the original data, we set up a color map for each variable to show the time dynamics. After, ρDCCA was calculated, thus obtaining a positive value between the global solar radiation and air temperature, and a negative value between the global solar radiation and air relative humidity, for all time scales. Finally, for the first time, was applied $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2 to analyze cross-correlations between three meteorological variables at the same time. On taking the global radiation as the dependent variable, and assuming that $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}={\bf{1}}$$DMCx2=1 (which varies from 0 to 1) is the ideal value for the capture of solar energy, our analysis finds some patterns (differences) involving these meteorological stations with a high intensity of annual solar radiation.

scholarly journals The invertebrate colonization during decomposition of Eichhornia azurea kunth in a lateral lake in the mouth zone of Paranapanema River into Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. de L. STRIPARI ◽  
R. HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Eichhornia Azurea ◽  
Mouth Zone ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Invertebrate Colonization

The invertebrate colonization during decomposition of Eichhornia azurea was observed in a lateral lake in the mouth zone of Paranapanema River into Jurumirim Reservoir in two periods of the year. The litter bags method was used for measuring the decomposition rate as well as to evaluate the invertebrates colonization. Forty-two litter bags, measuring 15 × 20 cm in size and 2 mm mesh net, were incubated "in situ". Six litter bags (three for colonization and three for decomposition measurements) were removed after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 72nd days of incubation. After each day, the material was carefully cleaned for detritus removal and invertebrate sampling. The biological material was fixed with 4% formaline and then sorted and identified. The remaining plant material was dried in an oven (at 60ºC) and weighed. A fast material loss occurred during the first 24 hours and the decomposition rate was higher during the rainy season than in the dry season. A peak on invertebrate density (110 ind.g.DW--1) on the remaining detritus of Eichhornia azurea was recorded in the 56th day of dry season, when the polyphenol concentration of plant detritus was 0.57 UDO.g.DW--1. In the rainy season, higher density was found in the 28th day of incubation, when the polyphenol concentration was 4.36 UDO.g.DW--1. Apparently, the reduction in the polyphenol concentration was followed by an increase in invertebrate densities. The majority of the species observed in the detritus belongs to the collector group that was dominant after the 7th and 14th days in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively.

Study of the Intensity of Global Solar Radiation Incident in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

2013 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
A. Sansomboon ◽  
N. Luewarasirikul ◽  
A. Ittipongse ◽  
W. Phae-Ngam ◽  
S. Pattarapanitchai
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Yearly Average

Solar radiation is one of mains alternative energy, widely used in present day. Measure solar radiation accurately is an essential for planning in application of used. Universities are the places that have used significant of energy all year long. Therefore, long-term measured solar radiation data is important, for understand in both quantity and variation in time period, for application of the alternative energy in future. The main objective of this research is to investigate solar energy potentials of Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bongkok, Thailand (Latitude 13.46°N, Longitude 100.31°E). A station for solar radiation was installed at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University. The main equipment is composed of two parts: 1) a pyranometer from Kipp & Zonen Ltd., model CMP11, and 2) a digital data logger from Measurement Systems Ltd. model DX2000. The pyranometer is permanently installed on the top of a building. The data logger is keeping clean and safe inside the building. To analyze the values of the global solar radiations, the computer source code is written in Interactive Data Language version 6.1 (IDL6.1). The results show the variation of the average hourly global irradiance is about 800-900 W/m2 at 12:00 UTC. The maximum monthly average daily global radiation is 21.5 MJ/m2-day in April. The yearly average daily radiation at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University is found to be 16.55 MJ/m2-day. The information from the monthly and yearly global radiation has relatively high solar energy potentials. Finally, the solar radiation database was also developed for use in solar energy applications in Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University and neighbor areas.

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