Interação entre fatores ambientais, saúde, eficiência produtiva e reprodutiva de vacas holandesas em free stall

<p class="Normal1"><span class="fontstyle0">The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of environmental factorsin calving and first artificial insemination, uterine and udder health, productive and reproductive efficiency of lactating Holstein cows in free stall. Ideagri® and Dairy Plan® software were used to collect dataof production, reproduction and health data of 321 lactating cows.ADAMA Clima® software provided temperature and relative humidity data to calculate the temperature and humidity index. Environmental variables were evaluated as for season by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The effects of the birth season and artificial insemination on the 60th-day pregnancy rate were assessed by logistic regression in the Software R “aod” package, the differences between the average pregnancy rates of each season were determined by the Chi-test Square. Pregnancy rate at the 60th day after the first postpartum artificial insemination was positively influenced on the fourth lactation, and negatively by the occurrence of placental retention during the warm seasons in which the artificial insemination was performed. The placental retention and artificial insemination season with temperature and humidity index&gt;80 interfered with reproductive efficiency. </span></p>

Measurement of the three-axis vibration, temperature, and relative humidity profiles of commercial transport trailers for pigs

The objective of this study was to collect and interpret three-axis acceleration, temperature, and relative humidity data from six locations within commercial transport trailers shipping market-weight pigs. Transport was observed in Kansas (n = 15) and North Carolina (n = 20). Prior to loading, three-axis accelerometers were affixed to six locations on the trailers: top fore (TF), top center (TC), top aft (TA), bottom fore (BF), bottom center (BC), and bottom aft (BA) compartments. Data were post-processed to calculate root-mean-square (RMS) accelerations and vibration dose values (VDV) in the vertical direction and the horizontal plane. These values were compared with exposure action values (EAV) and exposure limit values (ELV), vibration levels deemed uncomfortable and potentially dangerous to humans. Additionally, RMS and VDV were compared among the trailer compartments. The vertical RMS accelerations for all compartments exceeded the EAV for loads measured in Kansas, and for the majority of the compartments measured in North Carolina. Many compartments, specifically the BA compartment from all trips, exceeded the vertical ELV. Regardless of where the data were collected, fewer compartments exceeded the EAV in the horizontal orientation. Only BA compartments exceeded the ELV in the horizontal orientation. There were Area × Level interactions for vertical and horizontal RMS and VDV (P &lt; 0.01). The BF compartment had a greater vertical RMS value than the TF, TC, and BC (P &lt; 0.02) compartments, but did not differ (P = 0.06) from the TA compartment. The vertical RMS of the TA compartment did not differ from the TF, TC, and BC compartments (P &gt; 0.13). The BF compartment had a greater (P = 0.02) vertical VDV value than the TC location, but did not differ from the other locations (P &gt; 0.16). All other locations did not differ in vertical VDV (P &gt; 0.12). The BF compartment had greater horizontal RMS than the TC and TA compartments (P &lt; 0.01), but did not differ from TF and BC compartments (P &gt; 0.12). All other compartments did not differ in horizontal RMS (P &gt; 0.34). All compartments, aside from the BA compartment, did not differ in horizontal VDV (P &gt; 0.19). Vibration analyses indicated the BA compartment had the greatest vertical and horizontal vibrations and a large percentage of the compartments exceed the EAV and ELV, which indicated pigs may have experienced uncomfortable trips that could cause discomfort or fatigue.

The Impacts of Climate Variability on Cholera Cases in Malaysia

Introduction: Altered weather patterns and changes in precipitation, temperature and humidity resulting from climate change could affect the distribution and incidence of cholera. This study is to quantify climate-induced increase in morbidity rates of cholera. Material and Methods: Monthly cholera cases and monthly temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity data from 2004 to 2014 were obtained from the Malaysian Ministry of Health and Malaysian Meteorological Department, respectively. Poisson generalized linear models were developed to quantify the relationship between meteorological parameters and the number of reported cholera cases. Results: The findings revealed that the total number of cholera cases in Malaysia during the 11 year study period was 3841 cases with 32 deaths. Out of these, 45.1% of the cases were among children below 12 years old and 75% of the cases were from Sabah. Temperature and precipitation gave significant impact on the cholera cases in Sabah, (p<0.001) while precipitation were significant in Terengganu (p<0.001), and Sarawak (p=0.013). Monthly lag temperature data at Lag 0, 1, and 2 months were associated with the cholera cases in Sabah (p<0.001). The change in odds of having cholera cases were by the factor of 3.5 for every 1ºC increase in temperature. However, the contribution of rainfall was very mild, whereby an increase of 1 mm in precipitation will increase the excess risk of cholera by up to 0.8%. Conclusion: This study concludes that climate does influence the number of cholera cases in Malaysia.

The Climatic Condition of Bangladesh: Scenario of Dhaka

Bangladesh’s climate is consisting of medium to high rainfall, high relative humidity, and high temperature. Due to global warming effects, Bangladesh subjected to many kinds of natural disasters. To understand climate change impacts in Bangladesh, one has to understand the climatic condition of this country. In this paper, annual rainfall, average maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity data were collected and analyzed to understand the climatic condition of the country. It has been seen that, the rainfall rate of this country is decreasing year to year but the temperature is increasing than previous years. The average relative humidity is almost constant.

Climate Conditions in ISO Container Shipments from Hungary to South Africa and Asia

The aim of this paper is to provide useful information about climate conditions of transcontinental shipments from Hungary and compare them to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. The climatic environments inside ISO intermodal containers carrying automotive products to three different destinations in India, China and South Africa were measured. All three recorded surveys contain temperature and relative humidity data while the containers were stored outdoors and indoors and travelled on truck, rail and ship. The measured data was analyzed and mean statistical values of daily temperature and RH shifts were determined for each route. The recorded data shows that 50 % of maximum temperature and RH shifts occurred in the EU continent. Temperature and relative humidity distribution as a function of cumulative percentages [%] of the duration of total shipping was also determined and compared to the climate profiles of conditioning standards. It shows that peak temperature and RH ranges occur mostly in the defined duration of conditioning testing time.

Estimation of the Meteorological Forest Fire Risk in a Mountainous Region by Using Remote Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Data

The occurrence of forest fires is frequent phenomenon in Greece, especially during the warmest period of the year, the summer. Timely and reliable estimation of the meteorological risk for their onset is of crucial importance for their prevention. Thus, the purpose of our current work was firstly the estimation of the values of a suitable relevant index for Greece, meteorological forest fire risk index (MKs,t), derived from actual air temperature (T) and relative humidity data (RH) as well as from regressed T and RH, in a mountainous region (MR) for the most dangerous period of the year (July-August) and day (11:00 h-16:00 h), for five successive years (2006-2010) and secondly the comparison of the two ways ofMKs,tvalues estimation (from actual and regressed T and RH), based onMKs,tclasses. Regressed T and RH data were estimated with the aid of simple linear regression models from remote T and RH data, respectively, of an urban region, 175 Km away from MR, taking into account firstly the warmest (2007) and the coldest (2006) year of the examined year period. It was confirmed thatMKs,tvalues (based on regressed T and RH data) coincided in their classification to the respective ones resulted from actual T and RH data, that is, there was absolute success (100%). Using common regression lines and applying them to estimate separately T and RH at MR, for the most dangerous period of year and day concerning the whole examined year period, it was found that almost all the estimatedMKs,tvalues coincided, regarding their classification, with those estimated from actual T and RH data (97% success), which was considered very satisfactory. Therefore, our research methodology contributes a new perspective to a reliable estimation ofMKs,tfrom remote T and RH data using simple statistical models.