scholarly journals Letter- Writing as a Means of Escape in Alice Walker's the Color Purple

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Masad Hamdan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The Color Purple ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Color Purple

Escapism might be considered a life defense mechanism without which you might be burnt out faster by the stresses of everyday life. It helps the individual and even communities gain respite or achieve self- reorganization after social, sociological or psychological tensions. Letter- writing is one of its effective implements. It helps obtain a kind of personal relationship and deals with it faithfully and portrays the inner life as it is. The present study tends to explore the theme of escape represented by letter- writing in Alice Walker's. The Color Purple. It aims to demonstrate that Walker tries her best to give the heroine and her sister a chance to address God and each other directly and truly escaping from loneliness and weakness, as well as seeking for consolation and identity. Such a means is considered the only outlet for Celie, and ultimately her sister, who suffers self and familial banishment, psychological repression and sexual suppression. Her suffering is the result of an oppressive and sexually- agitated stepfather who brutalizes, rapes and impregnates her twice at an early stage of her life.

scholarly journals Conjuring Trauma with (Self)Derision: The African and African-American Epistolary Fiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ousmane Ngom
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
The Color Purple ◽  
Epistolary Fiction ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
Color Purple

All the female narrators of the three stories examined here – So Long a Letter, The Color Purple, and Letters from France – suffer serious traumas attributable to their male counterparts. Thus as a healing process, letter-writing is an exercise in trust that traverses the distances between the addresser and the addressee. Blurring the lines in such a way results in an intimate narration of trauma that reads as a stream of consciousness, devoid of fear of judgment or retribution. This paper studies the literary device of derision coupled with a psycho-feminist analysis to retrace the thorny, cathartic journey of trauma victims from self-hate to self-acceptance and self-agency.

The Use of the Defense Mechanism Test to Aid in Understanding the Personality of Senior Executives and the Implications for Their Careers

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Khaleelee
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Test Profiles ◽  
Real Test

This paper describes the use of the Defense Mechanism Test as an aid in helping to assess senior executives in four areas: for selection, development, career strategy, and crisis intervention. The origins of this test, developed to measure the defense mechanisms used to protect the individual from stress, are described. The paper shows how it was used to predict the capacity of trainee fighter pilots to withstand stress and its later application to other stressful occupations. Finally, some ideal types of the test are shown followed by four real test profiles, two of them with their associated histories.

SELF-PRESERVATION OF THE PHYSICAL HEALTH OF STUDENTS IN THE VIEW OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL AND LABOR COMPETENCIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Pavlov B.S. ◽  
Sentyurina L.B. ◽  
Pronina E.I. ◽  
Pavlov D.B. ◽  
Saraikin D.A.
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Labor Potential

The state policy of health preservation of Russians and the process of introducing a healthy lifestyle into their everyday life is hampered by the lack of sufficient self-activity and purposefulness of the individual ecological and valeological behavior of representatives of various population groups. According to the authors of the article, one of the important indicators of the maturity of professional and labor competencies of school and student youth is their readiness and desire for permanent self-preserving behavior. “With numbers in hand,” the authors show the scale of deviant deviations and the phenomena of spontaneous irresponsibility in the educational and leisure activities of students, hindering the preservation and development of physical culture, the accumulation and effective use of their psychophysiological and labor potential. The conclusions of the proposal of the authors of the article are based on the results of a number of sociological surveys conducted in 2000-2020. at the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a number of secondary schools and universities of the Ural and Volga Federal Districts.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

Para uma sociolinguística do texto literário traduzido: um olhar sobre ‘The Color Purple’ e sua tradução

Gragoatá ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Cury Sarian
Keyword(s):  
Alice Walker ◽  
Black English ◽  
The Color Purple ◽  
Color Purple

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer uma relação entre a tradução e a sociolinguística, a partir da análise da tradução do romance epistolar The Color Purple, da afro-americana Alice Walker, A cor púrpura, realizada por Peg Bodelson, Betúlia Machado e Maria José Silveira, a fim de investigar como a heterogeneidade linguística da obra original, associada, sobretudo, à maior ou menor frequência de uso de inglês padrão e de Black English Vernacular pelas personagens, foi construída na tradução. Nessa análise, verifico quais foram os recursos utilizados na caracterização da linguagem das personagens e como estes podem ser associados aos diferentes graus de escolaridade e de letramento de Celie e Nettie, valendo-me, como instrumental para essa análise, de descrições da variação sociolinguística, das teorias do letramento e dos processos de aquisição de língua escrita.

Making the Invisible Visible: Black Lesbianism in The Color Purple

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Basarabă
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Black Men ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Heterosexual Relationship ◽  
The Color Purple ◽  
Black Lesbians ◽  
Color Purple ◽  
The Invisible

The paper aims to disclose the factors behind Celie’s preference of transition from an involuntary heterosexual relationship to a homosexual one. I pursue this path due to multiple factors that occur in the novel and which nevertheless lead to Celie’s final homosexual identity. Homosexuality is far too often regarded as a mental illness and people have far too many times misjudged people with other sexual orientation than what the society perceives as “normal”. The findings of my research intend to show that homosexuality implies a variety of psychological, emotional and physical issues and that it is nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. Since racism has always been associated with Black men and sexism with White females, the paper brings the invisible Black lesbians to light.

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