scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

scholarly journals Formation and Development of Investigation of Misdemeanours as a Form of Pre-trial Investigation in Ukraine (the 18th–19th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Galagan ◽  
Mykola Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Modern Form

The article deals with the preconditions of differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation in Ukraine in the 18th–19th centuries. The concept of investigation of misdemeanours as a form of pre-trial investigation at different stages of social development are considered. The base source of the Russian Empire is examined, with the aspects of using of the term “investigation of misdemeanours” in law enforcement practice thoroughly covered. It is established that this term at the legislative level and in the literary sources held for a long time is subject to transformation in terms of its functional direction. The paper offers a description of the study of the early stage of development and a comparison with the modern form of pre-trial investigation. It is established that at all stages of its development there is a common feature: the provision of a simplified order.The article presents the key differences between the knowledge at the early stage of its creation and the modern form of pre-trial investigation. However, the investigation of misdemeanours starts from the moment of the illegal act until the end of the pre-trial investigation. At first, this investigation of misdemeanours had few signs of research verification. The collected materials were examined by the proceedings and could not be determined by full evidence without appropriate “legalization” procedures. The investigation of misdemeanours had not clearly defined a procedural form and was not limited to specific deadlines, and depended almost entirely on the inner convictions of the individual who conducted this knowledge. In the legislation of the pre-revolutionary period, the investigation of misdemeanours should be carried out by a wide range of authorized persons (police ranks, military and civilian authorities, clergy, government officials, village elders, and others). The investigation of misdemeanours was carried out in everything without exception of crime, regardless of its severity at those times.It is proved that the modern model of pre-trial investigation represents the positive historical experience and the right opinion. Today we can observe a consistent procedure of the implementation of the exercise, a special circle of authorized persons, and the introduction of a balance of appropriate differentiation of forms of pre-trial investigation.

A simple method for detecting an early stage in coagulation of rennetted milk

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Scott Blair ◽  
J. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryAn apparatus is described which measures at 10—15 sec intervals the viscosity of rennetted milk taken from a cheese vat. The first signs of an increase in this viscosity mark what is at present the earliest measurable stage in the process of coagulation. Coagulation times so determined agreed fairly closely with the observations of a skilled cheese-maker and, for a given milk, were inversely proportional to rennet concentration over quite a wide range. Clotting times obtained by the method of Berridge (1952) for standardizing rennets came 2 or 3 min after those determined by the new method and were linearly related but not proportional to inverse rennet concentration.

scholarly journals Justification of RFID Implementation. A Case Study of White Goods Manufacturer

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Gladysz ◽  
Katarzyna Nalepa ◽  
Krzysztof Santarek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
White Goods

Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology with a wide range of impact and still not fully exploited potential applications. The impact of RFID is not limited to the area of its direct application. There are many possible benefits to be gained from RFID application, but it must be preceded with careful analysis as its implementation is not always reasonable. A new method for an assessment of RFID technology was presented and explained on the case of a white goods manufacturer. There was a lack of such a method allowing for relatively quick and flexible assessment, which is important for decision makers, who do not want to become involved in very sophisticated and time-consuming analysis at the early stage of decision making. The method supports early phases of decision making related to RFID implementation. Conclusions derived from the analysis of the case study confirmed that the method applied allows for rationalizing decision making and answers whether RFID could generate strategic advantage, in which area RFID should be applied, how RFID-supported processes will be executed and what benefits would be expected. previous papers focused only on answering specific questions from the above list, without showing a holistic approach. the approach to answer questions about execution of processes and benefits was not considered earlier at all. The paper illustrates details of using a new method of an assessment of RFID technology (ART) using a real industrial example.

… and justice for all – cost fairness in Volkswagen’s product family

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Solution ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Game Theoretic

Purpose Product families offer companies economic advantages in the development and the production stage while satisfying a wide range of customer needs. This concept generates economies of scale and scope, which lead to a significant cost reduction. The realization of product families by several autonomous firms highlights the problem of fair cost sharing. Despite broad agreement on fairness as a highly desired aim, in practice there is a lack of precise terms of operationalization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use a game theoretical framework to achieve fair cost sharing. It is shown that the cooperative game solution ensures fairness and therefore should be accepted by all the partners. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, this study uses a game theoretical framework to reach a fair cost sharing. All family members are modeled as players in a cost reduction game. Using a cooperative game lens allows the identification of fair cost shares. It is shown that cooperative game solution ensures fairness and therefore should be accepted by all partners. Findings It is shown that the average cost assignment method is not fair and therefore not stable. Moreover, the authors show that the game theoretical solution ensures fairness and therefore will be accepted by all partners. Research limitations/implications One main problem of the game theoretic solution concepts is the fact that the benefits of the PFD must be known for the various possible coalitions. By means of suitable forecasts, however, this can be avoided and is not a special problem of the game theoretical solution. The other two main problems are the assumption that the participating companies reach binding agreements ex ante, which are also met ex post, as well as the assumption that side payments between the participating companies are possible. Practical implications It has been demonstrated that game theoretic instruments deliver a fair solution. With the calculated shares, all firms have an incentive to join the grand coalition what ensures a positive motivation and long-term stability. Originality/value This paper’s main contribution is the analysis of a real-life product family through the lens of cooperative game theory.

Doppelphotonen-Absorptiometrie: Eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Knochenmineralgehaltes. I. Grundlagen

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eiber ◽  
J. Hennig ◽  
H W. Pabst ◽  
G. Buttermann
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Dual Photon Absorptiometry ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Today dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) is recommended as the best procedure for diagnosing osteoporosis at an early stage considering its low cost, low radiation exposure and reasonable reliability. Cortical (neck of femur) and trabecular (L 2-4) bone mass has been determined repeatedly with DPA using 153Gd (NOVO Lab 22 a) in 545 females and 112 males with no evidence of bone diseases. Measured “normal” (age-and sex-related average) values for bone mineral content (BMC) differed significantly (p <0.01) from those of US inhabitants determined by the same equipment, i. e., they were on average about 30% lower, but matched well with corresponding results from Belgium. BMC-area was found the most suitable parameter both for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, since it is independent of height and weight. But there is still need to reduce the overlap and improve accuracy and reproducibility for making decisions after shorter intervals. - Assessment of the individual mineral loss and fracture risk by comparison with average values remains problematical due to the wide range of “normal” BMC values, and in women additionally due to the variable onset of menopause. For estimations of the individual fracture risk of elderly patients BMC should not be normalized on age, because at the age of 65 half of the women had “pathologic” values, i.e. were below the so-called “osteoporosis threshold”. Comparison of the individually measured postmenopausal BMC with average values of premenopausal women and with BMC values normalized to their menopausal age may be helpful approaches to overcoming these difficulties. Because of the lack of earlier individual data in most cases repeated BMC measurements are still required for assessment of demineralization speed.

A Systematic Method for Designing Profitable Product Families

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Nidamarthi ◽  
Gu¨nther Mechler ◽  
Harsh Karandikar
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Company

Every company has the business objectives of maximizing customer choice as well as its profitability. Typically, companies address maximum customer choice through a large spectrum of variants in their products to satisfy varying customer needs. For example, a camera manufacturer may wish to offer various choices such as fixed focus, auto-focus, variable zoom, different zoom ranges, SLR, APS, and digital cameras, and in different combinations, to satisfy customers with different demands (including the price that they wish to pay). The business goal, therefore, is to design a product family that meets a wide range of customer choices but at a minimum cost so as to maximize the profit margin. These two objectives, choice and profit margin, are not as contradictory as they seem. In this paper, we show that by using a set of systematic methods a company can identify the essential design elements of a profitable product family. We have successfully applied this method in a number of product families ranging from airhandling fans to robot controllers, and from mass-produced products to project based customized products.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Punk as Folk: Continuities and Tensions in the UK and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pete Dale
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Collective Creativity ◽  
Living Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Numerous claims have been made by a wide range of commentators that punk is somehow “a folk music” of some kind. Doubtless there are several continuities. Indeed, both tend to encourage amateur music-making, both often have affiliations with the Left, and both emerge at least partly from a collective/anti-competitive approach to music-making. However, there are also significant tensions between punk and folk as ideas/ideals and as applied in practice. Most obviously, punk makes claims to a “year zero” creativity (despite inevitably offering re-presentation of at least some existing elements in every instance), whereas folk music is supposed to carry forward a tradition (which, thankfully, is more recognized in recent decades as a subject-to-change “living tradition” than was the case in folk’s more purist periods). Politically, meanwhile, postwar folk has tended more toward a socialist and/or Marxist orientation, both in the US and UK, whereas punk has at least rhetorically claimed to be in favor of “anarchy” (in the UK, in particular). Collective creativity and competitive tendencies also differ between the two (perceived) genre areas. Although the folk scene’s “floor singer” tradition offers a dispersal of expressive opportunity comparable in some ways to the “anyone can do it” idea that gets associated with punk, the creative expectation of the individual within the group differs between the two. Punk has some similarities to folk, then, but there are tensions, too, and these are well worth examining if one is serious about testing out the common claim, in both folk and punk, that “anyone can do it.”

scholarly journals Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Quan Yang ◽  
Bing Duan ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Ai-Qiang Wang ◽  
Xiao-Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Optical Sensing ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Wide Range

The ability to detect nanoscale objects is particular crucial for a wide range of applications, such as environmental protection, early-stage disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) sensors have attracted great attention due to high-quality factors and small-mode volumes (Q/V) and good on-chip integrability with optical waveguides/circuits. In this review, we focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on PCNC sensors, including ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM) sensing, single nanoparticle trapping, label-free molecule detection and an integrated sensor array for multiplexed sensing. We believe that the PCNC sensors featuring ultracompact footprint, high monolithic integration capability, fast response and ultrahigh sensitivity sensing ability, etc., will provide a promising platform for further developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biosensing and other functionalities.

scholarly journals Non-Albumin Proteinuria (NAP) as a Complementary Marker for Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Bae ◽  
Young Jun Won ◽  
Byung-Wan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Wide Range

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common forms of chronic kidney disease. Its pathogenic mechanism is complex, and it can affect entire structures of the kidney. However, conventional approaches to early stage DKD have focused on changes to the glomerulus. Current standard screening tools for DKD, albuminuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate are insufficient to reflect early tubular injury. Therefore, many tubular biomarkers have been suggested. Non-albumin proteinuria (NAP) contains a wide range of tubular biomarkers and is convenient to measure. We reviewed the clinical meanings of NAP and its significance as a marker for early stage DKD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document