Technical staff structure, planning methods, methodological practices and load management in soccer (Estructura de los cuerpos técnicos, métodos de planificación, prácticas metodológicas y gestión de la carga en fútbol)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 788-796
Author(s):  
Alejandro Romero-Caballero ◽  
Daniel Varela-Olalla ◽  
Ignacio Collado-Lázaro ◽  
Darío Álvarez-Salvador

Soccer performance depends on several interrelated factors regarding technical, tactical, physical and psychological areas. Over the last decades there was an increase in match congestion. The increased match frequency and the associated injury risk have highlighted the importance of physical condition, increasing the need to implement new training methodologies with a special focus on load and fatigue management, as well as non-specific complementary training. The main objective of this study was to provide information on the structure and characteristics of the technical staffs, the methodological training practices, as well as the workload and fatigue control methods used in soccer, examining possible differences based on gender, category and competitive level. 190 soccer teams from 20 different countries participated in the study, by answering a survey. The results reveal that there are differences in the structure of the technical staff, the planning models, the methodology and the workload control depending on the category and the competitive level. Gender only appears as a discriminating variable, in relation to the most used complementary training contents. The weekly microcycle is the preferred planning model (80.89%), regardless the competitive level. However, in lower categories, medium and long term periodization are also used (23.80%). The weekly volume of complementary training increases as category (p=0.000) and competitive level (p=0.000) does. Strength training is the most used non-specific content (84.89%). However, its importance is reduced in lower categories (38.5%). Load and fatigue control are only extended among teams of superior category (p=0.000) and competitive level (p=0.000).  Resumen. El rendimiento en fútbol depende de varios factores interrelacionados entre los que encontramos las áreas técnica, táctica, física y psicológica. Durante las últimas décadas ha existido un aumento en la congestión de partidos. La mayor frecuencia de partidos y el riesgo de lesión asociado han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de la condición física, aumentando la necesidad de implementar nuevas metodologías de entrenamiento con especial énfasis en el manejo de la carga y la fatiga, así como entrenamientos complementarios. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue brindar información sobre la estructura y características de los cuerpos técnicos y las prácticas metodológicas de entrenamiento, así como los métodos de control de la carga de trabajo y la fatiga utilizados en el fútbol, ​​examinando posibles diferencias por género, categoría y nivel competitivo. 190 equipos de fútbol de 20 países diferentes participaron en el estudio, respondiendo a una encuesta. Los resultados revelan que existen diferencias en la estructura de los cuerpos técnicos, los modelos de planificación, la metodología y el control de la carga de entrenamientos y partidos según la categoría y el nivel competitivo. El género solo aparece como variable discriminante en relación con los contenidos complementarios de entrenamiento más utilizados. El microciclo semanal es el modelo de planificación preferido (80.89%), independientemente del nivel competitivo. Sin embargo, en categorías inferiores también se utiliza la periodización a medio y largo plazo (23.80%). El volumen semanal de entrenamiento complementario aumenta a medida que lo hace la categoría (p<.001) y el nivel competitivo (p<.001). El entrenamiento de fuerza es el contenido de entrenamiento complementario más utilizado (84.89%). Sin embargo, su importancia se reduce en categorías inferiores (38.5%). El control de la carga y la fatiga solo se extiende entre equipos de categoría y nivel competitivo superior (p<.001).

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8817
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Fuentes ◽  
Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa ◽  
Alexis Padrón-Cabo ◽  
Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽  
Ezequiel Rey

Futsal is a sport with increasing popularity and level of performance, both in male and female categories. Also, there are several injuries along a season, so it is needed to know how to reduce this burden. The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of technical staff on injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures, and the strategies used by them within professional male and female futsal teams. A cross-sectional study was designed during the 2017–2018 season. A total of 32 futsal teams involved in male and female Spanish national futsal leagues completed, through an online survey platform, a questionnaire about injury risk factors, risk testing and preventive measures. Findings showed that: (a) most teams reported enough human resources, but insufficient material and time resources, (b) the main risk factors detected were previous injuries, strength deficits and dehydration, (c) functional movement patterns, flexibility tests and self-report questionnaires were the most applied tests for detecting injury risks in their players and (d) most of the main preventive measures used by technical staff matched with the best valued by them. Technical staff defined properly the main risk factors in futsal performance, as well as they applied preventive strategies with scientific support. The information provided in this research could be of interest for sport scientists and technical staff when designing more accurate and efficient injury prevention programs in futsal.


2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232094538
Author(s):  
Dongquan Li ◽  
G. Zhiyong Lan

Urban planning in China, as well as in many other countries, is viewed as a distinctive governmental function, making strategic and land-use plans for urban development. In recent decades, the urbanization process has intensified, especially in densely populated countries in Asia. Urban centers have often grown faster than the planners’ wildest imagination, creating an enormous amount of urban problems, such as congestion, traffic jams, infrastructure shortfalls, service inconveniences, and pollution. By reviewing the dynamics between urban planning models and urban development policy issues and priorities in Beijing, China’s mega-capital city, this article demonstrates the importance of viewing urban planning as an essential component of public policy and the importance of striving for the better integration of planning and urban governance. The planning profession itself also needs to be innovated to enable domestic and international learning, to embrace planners with varying disciplinary backgrounds, and to use new and open planning methods. Only by so doing can planning truly lead to an urban formation of enduring utility, aesthetic beauty, and spatial justice that can offer a constantly refreshing urban experience.


1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Welch

Abstract Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) have become an important component of disability evaluation during the past 10 years to assess an individual's ability to perform the essential or specific functions of a job, both preplacement and during rehabilitation. Evaluating both job performance and physical ability is a complex assessment, and some practitioners are not yet certain that an FCE can achieve these goals. An FCE is useful only if it predicts job performance, and factors that should be assessed include overall performance; consistency of performance across similar areas of the FCE; consistency between observed behaviors during the FCE and limitations or abilities reported by the worker; objective changes (eg, blood pressure and pulse) that are appropriate relative to performance; external factors (illness, lack of sleep, or medication); and a coefficient of variation that can be measured and assessed. FCEs can identify specific movement patterns or weaknesses; measure improvement during rehabilitation; identify a specific limitation that is amenable to accommodation; and identify a worker who appears to be providing a submaximal effort. FCEs are less reliable at predicting injury risk; they cannot tell us much about endurance over a time period longer than the time required for the FCE; and the FCE may measure simple muscular functions when the job requires more complex ones.


VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernemann ◽  
Bender ◽  
Melms ◽  
Brechtel ◽  
Kobba ◽  
...  

Interventional therapies using angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic stenosis of the proximal supraaortic vessels have evolved as safe and effective treatment strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current treatment concepts for stenosis in the subclavian and brachiocephalic artery with regard to clinical indication, interventional technique including selection of the appropriate vascular approach and type of stent, angiographic and clinical short-term and long-term results and follow-up. The role of hybrid interventions for tandem stenoses of the carotid bifurcation and brachiocephalic artery is analysed. A systematic review of data for angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis is discussed with a special focus on restenosis rate.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Boggio ◽  
Gabriel G. Rêgo ◽  
Lucas M. Marques ◽  
Thiago L. Costa

Abstract. Social neuroscience and psychology have made substantial advances in the last few decades. Nonetheless, the field has relied mostly on behavioral, imaging, and other correlational research methods. Here we argue that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective and relevant technique to be used in this field of research, allowing for the establishment of more causal brain-behavior relationships than can be achieved with most of the techniques used in this field. We review relevant brain stimulation-aided research in the fields of social pain, social interaction, prejudice, and social decision-making, with a special focus on tDCS. Despite the fact that the use of tDCS in Social Neuroscience and Psychology studies is still in its early days, results are promising. As better understanding of the processes behind social cognition becomes increasingly necessary due to political, clinical, and even philosophical demands, the fact that tDCS is arguably rare in Social Neuroscience research is very noteworthy. This review aims at inspiring researchers to employ tDCS in the investigation of issues within Social Neuroscience. We present substantial evidence that tDCS is indeed an appropriate tool for this purpose.


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