Gender Differences in Self-Determined Motivation and Subjective Well-Being of Adapted Sport Athletes Members of the Special with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulties Members (Diferencias de género en la motivación autodeterminada y el bienestar sub

The Theory of Self-Determination has been used as a theoretical model of support in several studies on motivation in Sport. In this sense, we realize that motivation is a topic to which researchers have devoted much of their time, however, when researching adapted sports, and the person with Intellectual and Developmental Difficulty we observe a shortage in research. This study aimed to verify the levels of self-determination and subjective well-being of athletes members of the Special Olympics of Portugal, and ii) to compare the variables under analysis according to gender. In this quantitative study participated 94 athletes of Adapted Sports, aged between 11 and 63 years (ẋ=32.61 ± SD=13.8) of both genders, competitors of individual and collective sports. The monitoring instruments used were Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNES), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) and Positive and Negative Attachment Scale (PANAS). Data analysis was based on the verification of the internal consistency of the scales applied through the calculation of alpha and Cronbach, descriptive analysis of data and application for gender comparison through the nonparametric test U Mann-Whitney, as well as a linear regression, meeting a significance level of 0.05. As a result, we observed that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and motivation predict good levels of life satisfaction also of positive attachment. We also found statistically significant differences in life satisfaction and negative attachments when comparing gender outcomes. Resumen. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación se ha utilizado como modelo teórico de apoyo en varios estudios sobre la motivación en el Deporte. En este sentido, nos damos cuenta de que la motivación es un tema al que los investigadores han dedicado gran parte de su tiempo, sin embargo, a la hora de investigar deportes adaptados, y la persona con Dificultad Intelectual y de Desarrollo observamos una escasez en la investigación. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los niveles de autodeterminación y bienestar subjetivo de los atletas miembros de las Olimpiadas Especiales de Portugal, y ii) comparar las variables bajo análisis según género. En este estudio cuantitativo participaron 94 deportistas de Deportes Adaptados, con edades entre 11 y 63 años (ẋ = 32,61 ± DE = 13,8) de ambos sexos, competidores de deportes individuales y colectivos. Los instrumentos de seguimiento utilizados fueron el Cuestionario de Regulación Conductual en el Deporte (BRSQ), la Escala de Ejercicio de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNES), la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) y la Escala de Apego Positivo y Negativo (PANAS). El análisis de los datos se basó en la verificación de la consistencia interna de las escalas aplicadas mediante el cálculo de alfa y Cronbach, análisis descriptivo de los datos y aplicación para la comparación de género mediante la prueba no paramétrica U Mann-Whitney, así como una regresión lineal, cumpliendo un nivel de significancia de 0.05. Como resultado, observamos que la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación predicen buenos niveles de satisfacción con la vida también del apego positivo. También encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la satisfacción con la vida y los apegos negativos al comparar los resultados de género.

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The Ratio of Social Activity and Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs, Subjective Well-being and Social Frustration of Young People

Sibirskiy psikhologicheskiy zhurnal ◽

10.17223/17267080/77/9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 176-195

Author(s):

R.M. Shamionov ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Young People ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Social Activity ◽

Basic Needs ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Subjective Well Being

The study of the ratio of meeting the basic needs, subjective well-being, social frustration and commitment to various forms of activity will help to understand the internal regulation of young people’s social behavior. Such scientific knowledge is necessary to expand the opportunities for social self-determination of young people and risk management of social activity. The purpose is to study the ratio of meeting the basic needs, characteristics of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness experience), social frustration and social activity of young people, to identify direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling. 305 people took part in the study. We used the questionnaire aimed at evaluating the inclusion in various social activity types, and the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (Johnston, Finney, 2010), the Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, Griffin, 1985), the Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky, Lepper, 1999), and the Social Frustration Scale (Wasserman, 2004). We have established that meeting the basic needs, life satisfaction, and happiness are associated with commitment to various forms of social activity. The highest level of determination (in terms of the number of correlations and the closeness of connections) was found in relation to leisure, educational and developmental, religious (positive) and radical protest (negative) activity. At the same time, satisfaction of the need for competence is the most im-portant in motivating different forms of activity. Civil, socio-economic, and educational-developmental activities are associated with social satisfaction in various areas (the content of their work, life prospects, services and medical services, leisure activities, etc.), and social frustration is associated positively with protest, radical protest, and only in one case (dissatis-faction with security), with subcultural activity. Satisfaction of basic needs accounts for 2 to 15% of variations in commitment to various forms of social activity, and life satisfaction accounts for about 22% of variations in social activity.

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Naturally Good?

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Richard M. Ryan ◽

Patricia H. Hawley

Keyword(s):

Social Values ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Determination Theory ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Individual Development ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Harm To Others ◽

Protective Strategies

People find inherent satisfactions in helping and contributing to others for nonselfish reasons. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that being benevolent is often intrinsically motivated, or alternatively done out of deeply internalized social values that are autonomously enacted. In turn such behaviors satisfy basic psychological needs and thereby enhance subjective well-being. A further question concerns more ultimate explanations. Drawing on both SDT and evolutionary psychology, this chapter argues that the association of these proximal need satisfactions with moral and prosocial actions has persisted because these propensities and satisfactions have yielded manifold selective advantages. In addition, need-thwarting conditions evoke more aggressive, competitive, and self-protective strategies. The fact that people typically experience benevolence as deeply need satisfying, and doing harm to others as need frustrating, is thus an aspect of how proximally experienced satisfactions in individual development are linked with the evolutionary roots of our human nature.

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Longitudinal Associations of Autonomy, Relatedness, and Competence With the Well-being of Nursing Home Residents

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gny005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 635-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Noortje Kloos ◽

Hester R Trompetter ◽

Ernst T Bohlmeijer ◽

Gerben J Westerhof

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Need Satisfaction ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Survey Study ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Depressive Feelings

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs proposed by the self-determination theory, satisfying nursing home residents’ needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence may improve their well-being. This is the first study to test the longitudinal relations of the satisfaction of these three basic psychological needs to the subjective well-being of nursing home residents and to determine whether a balance among the satisfaction of the three needs is important for well-being.Research Design and MethodsParticipants in this longitudinal survey study included 128 physically frail residents (mean age 85 years) at four Dutch nursing homes. Satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs was measured at baseline, and depressive feelings and life satisfaction 5–8 months later. Absolute differences between the three basic need satisfaction scores were summed to create a score of need satisfaction balance.ResultsAll three needs were related to both well-being measures over time, although autonomy had the strongest relationships. Only autonomy and competence were uniquely associated with depressive feelings, and only autonomy was uniquely associated with life satisfaction. The need satisfaction balance score was related to well-being independent of the autonomy and relatedness scores.Discussion and ImplicationsThese results confirm that all three basic psychological needs are important for nursing home residents’ well-being, with autonomy having the strongest and most consistent relationship to their well-being. Additionally, high satisfaction of one need does not compensate for low satisfaction of another. Supporting residents’ needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence should, therefore, have a central role in nursing home culture-change interventions.

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Bem-estar subjetivo em atletas veteranos: um teste prospectivo baseado na teoria da autodeterminação

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.467601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 99-109

Author(s):

Marco Batista ◽

Jorge Santos ◽

Samuel Honório ◽

Helena Mesquita ◽

João Serrano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Autonomous Motivation ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Behavioral Regulation ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Psychological Need

La práctica deportiva por deportistas veteranos es una realidad evidente y con perspectivas de expansión. El objetivo fue determinar variables predictivas de bienestar subjetivo en deportistas veteranos, teniendo en cuenta la teoría de la autodeterminación. Se elaboró un modelo de ecuación estructural y un modelo de mediación. Participaron 840 deportistas veteranos portugueses, de entre 30 y 76 años (M = 42.54 DT = 7.28). Se utilizó la Escala de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão y Vlachopoulos, 2012), el Cuestionario de Regulación Conductual en el Deporte (Monteiro, Moutão y Cid, 2018), la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos (Galinha y Pais -Ribeiro, 2005) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Neto, 1993). El modelo mostró los siguientes índices de ajuste: χ2 = 674,554, p <.001, χ2 / fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = 0,92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. En los deportistas veteranos, la percepción de satisfacción de la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía conduce a conductas de motivación autónoma, promoviendo estas, mayores niveles de bienestar subjetivo. La motivación autónoma resultó ser una variable mediadora significativa entre la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía y la producción de afectos positivos. También hubo efectos indirectos de la variable mediadora sobre las variables de satisfacción con la vida y afectos negativos, así como efectos directos y totales de la variable independiente y las variables de consecuencia bajo análisis. The practice of sports by veteran athletes is an evident reality and with prospects for expansion. The objective was to determine predictive variables of subjective well-being in veteran athletes, taking into account the theory of self-determination. A structural equation model and a mediation model were developed. In this study participated 840 Portuguese veteran athletes, between the ages of 30 and 76 (M = 42.54 DT = 7.28). The Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão e Vlachopoulos, 2012), the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Monteiro, Moutão e Cid, 2018), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Galinha e Pais-Ribeiro, 2005) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (Neto, 1993) were used. The model showed the following adjustment indices: χ2 = 674,554, p <.001, χ2 / fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = .92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. In the veteran athletes, the perception of satisfaction of the basic psychological need for autonomy leads to autonomously motivated behaviors, promoting these, higher levels of subjective well-being. Autonomous motivation proved to be a significant mediating variable between the basic psychological need for autonomy and the production of positive affects. There were also indirect effects of the mediating variable on the variables of satisfaction with life and negative affects, as well as direct and total effects of the independent variable and the consequence variables under analysis. A prática desportiva por atletas veteranos é uma realidade evidente e com perspetivas de expansão. Objetivou-se determinar variáveis preditivas de bem-estar subjetivo em atletas veteranos, atendendo à teoria da autodeterminação. Elaborou-se um modelo de equação estrutural e um modelo de mediação. Participaram 840 atletas veteranos portugueses, entre os 30 e os 76 anos (M=42.54 DT=7.28). Utilizou-se o Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (Moutão, Cid, Alves, Leitão e Vlachopoulos, 2012), o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (Monteiro, Moutão e Cid, 2018), a Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (Galinha e Pais-Ribeiro, 2005) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (Neto, 1993). O modelo mostrou os seguintes índices de ajuste: χ2 = 674.554, p < .001, χ2/fd = 4.08, CFI = .94; IFI = .94; TLI = .92; GFI = .92; RMSEA = .062; SRMR = .061. Nos aletas veteranos, a perceção de satisfação da necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia leva a comportamentos motivados autonomamente, promovendo estes, níveis mais elevados de bem-estar subjetivo. A motivação autónoma revelou-se uma variável mediadora significativa entre a necessidade psicológica básica de autonomia e a produção de afetos positivos. Registaram-se ainda efeitos indiretos da variável mediadora sobre as variáveis de satisfação com a vida e afetos negativos, assim como, efeitos diretos e totais da variável independente e as variáveis de consequência em análise.

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Supervisory Practices for Intrinsic Motivation of Doctoral Students: A Self-determination Theory Perspective

International Journal of Doctoral Studies ◽

10.28945/4415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 581-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar ◽

Amrita Kaur

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Doctoral Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Self Determination ◽

Doctoral Studies ◽

Supervisory Practices ◽

Doctoral Candidates

Aim/Purpose: The quality, degree of effort and persistence required in doctoral studies can be sustained through intrinsic motivation. Despite the critical role of motivation, studies that examine ways to promote doctoral students’ motivation are lacking. This study, drawing on the self-determination theoretical (SDT) framework, aims to offer advice for supervisory practices to facilitate the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs- autonomy, competence and relatedness of doctoral students’ motivation. The focus was on the experiences of the doctoral candidates who participated in this study. Background: Prior studies have established that creating environment and ways that lead to satisfaction of three basic psychological needs are capable of producing optimal outcomes. Based on that assumption the current study explores the ways in which supervisory practices lead to satisfaction of the three needs. Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative approach and used the experience sampling method to collect data from 11 full-time doctoral students from a research-intensive university in New Zealand. In total, 72 entries that captured students’ real-time psychological experience of supervision in a repeated manner were used to analyse the data. Contribution: It proposes theory driven practices/guidelines for supervisors to adopt for effective supervisory practices for intrinsic motivation of doctoral students. Findings: Thematic analysis guided by the research question revealed that to have students experience autonomy support the supervisors must respect students’ research interest, encourage self-initiation, and be amenable to changes suggested by the students. To have students experience the feeling of competence, the supervisors carefully need to consider the quality, mode and time of feedback and provide students with optimal challenge level. Finally, to facilitate students’ need for relatedness, the supervisors should offer personal and professional support to students and look after their emotional well-being. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study highlights the need for supervisors to acknowledge the role of need satisfaction and mindfully adopt the practices to facilitate the satisfaction of the three needs for the intrinsic motivation of the doctoral students. Recommendation for Researchers: The researchers should consider the psychological health and well-being of doctoral students for persistence and successful completion of their studies. Impact on Society: The study can help improve doctoral studies completion rates as well as produce doctoral candidates with a positive and healthy disposition for future workforce. Future Research: The current study relies only on students’ self-report data. In future inclusion of data from supervisors of their own practices would enhance the quality of findings. Additionally, an analysis to chart changes in students’ experiences over time would provide a deeper understanding of the effect of supervisory practices.

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The Role of Psychological Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Perception of Daily Stress

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy ◽

10.17759/cpp.2018260402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 8-26

Author(s):

L.A. Golovey ◽

M.D. Petrash ◽

O.Y. Strizhitskaya ◽

S.S. Savenysheva ◽

I.R. Murtazina

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Well Being ◽

Daily Hassles ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Life Domains ◽

Financial Health ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Psychological Well Being

The present paper considers daily hassles in different life domains, reveals their connections to the level of strain and perceived stress, investigates the role of psychological well-being and life satisfaction in the perception of the number of stressors and strain caused by stress. Methods: Inventory of daily stressors (Petrash et al.), Scale of perceived stress (Ababkov et al.), Psychological well-being scale (C. Ryff), Life satisfaction scale (E. Diener), a survey on satisfaction with different life domains. Sample: 334 adults aged 20—60 (118 males, 216 females). Results revealed hassles in all the life domains. Most pronounced hassles in women were those related to health, loneliness, competitiveness, job; most pronounced hassles in men were job-related, financial, health and family stressors. Perception of daily hassles was associated with an increase in the levels of stress overstrain and perceived stress. The number of stressors and the level of overstrain was higher in women. Psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and financial satisfaction were shown to be direct positive predictors of the number of perceived hassles and the level of overstrain.

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Prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being: The mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.9986 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Linlin Feng ◽

Lelin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Needs Satisfaction ◽

Prosocial Tendencies ◽

Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction

We linked self-determination theory and prosociality, and explored the mediating role of three dimensions of basic psychological needs satisfaction, namely, competence, autonomy, and relatedness, in the relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. We explored these relationships using a cross-sectional research design with 1,106 Chinese adults. Results show that the public prosocial tendencies of men (vs. women) were higher, and competence, autonomy, and relatedness mediated the positive relationship between prosocial tendencies and subjective well-being. The indirect effect of relatedness was stronger than those of competence and autonomy, demonstrating the importance of relatedness in a collectivistic society like China. Our findings deepen understanding of the underlying mechanisms between prosociality and subjective well-being as mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction, and may encourage people to engage in prosocial behavior.

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Promoting Healthy Lifestyle through Basic Psychological Needs in Inactive Adolescents: A Protocol Study from Self-Determination Approach

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12155893 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 5893 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽

Mikel Vaquero-Solís ◽

David Sánchez-Oliva ◽

Juan J. Pulido ◽

Miguel A. López-Gajardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Basic Psychological Needs ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Self Determination ◽

School Level ◽

World Health ◽

High School Level

Prevalence of overweight and obesity is an important health problem worldwide. It was shown that physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth individuals. However, few children and adolescents meet the World Health Organization recommendations about physical activity levels. The need to start promoting regular physical activity from an early age is crucial to avoid these problems. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to show a school-based motivational program for the promotion of healthy lifestyle in inactive adolescents grounded on Self-Determination Theory aimed at promoting physical activity adherence. The study is a quasi-experimental study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03974607) aimed for adolescents from the 1st and 2nd high school level aged between 12 and 14 years old. The program will be based on the promotion of the three basics psychological needs: autonomy, competence and relatedness. The satisfaction of these needs is essential to fulfill the self-determined motivation and psychological well-being. The length of the sessions are 60 min, 3 times per week, during 5 months. The sessions will be based on the participants’ interests. Finally, this protocol will intend to change the perception of physical activity programs in order to focus the strategies on the motivational aspects, rather than physical activity itself as was usually conducted by previous programs

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Disability and Life Satisfaction Scale

Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal ◽

10.14295/aimj.v2i3.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Gislene Farias de Oliveira ◽

Thércia Lucena Grangeiro Maranhão ◽

Hermes Melo Teixeira Batista ◽

Symara Abrantes Albuquerque de Oliveira Cabral

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Data Collection ◽

Older People ◽

Well Being ◽

Study Data ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Global Measure ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Life Satisfaction Scale

Life Satisfaction is a significant indicator of subjective well-being. It is assessed as a single, global measure or as a reference related to important areas of life, such as family and work. Assessing life satisfaction in people with special needs and verifying how this construct correlates with demographic variables such as gender, age and schooling, for example, was the objective of this study. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire with a Life Satisfaction Scale. The sample consisted of 48 people from Juazeiro do Norte in Ceará, aged 14-71, mostly male (60.4%). The results revealed that in 70.9% of respondents believe that their life is close to ideal in most aspects and that 72.9% agree that they are satisfied with their lives as it is. 41.7% reported that the conditions of their lives are excellent. Men said they were more satisfied with life than women, as well as older people and more religious people. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the loss of certain abilities, such as walking for example, does not seem to cause great changes in the feeling of life satisfaction in the studied population.

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CHILD HEALTH

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.07.1185 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (07) ◽

pp. 924-930

Author(s):

Adeela Manzoor ◽

Aisha Siddique ◽

Kanwal Asghar ◽

Rizwan Nazir ◽

Sarfraz Hassan

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Public Schools ◽

Human Life ◽

Economic Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Older Children ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Bivariate Correlation ◽

Private And Public

Subjective well-Being (SWB) means people’s feelings, emotions, innersatisfaction, happiness and their positive or negative thinking towards life events. Highersocio-economic status (SES) is associated with higher levels of SWB. Objective: The aim ofthe present study was to determine the level of SWB in Pakistani children. Furthermore, theimpact of age and SES on SWB of children was also investigated. Study Design: A randomsampling technique was employed. Setting: Private and public schools of Faisalabad. Period:two months. Material & Methods: Two hundred Students (100 girls and 100 boys) betweenthe ages of 9-12 years were taken from the private and public schools of Faisalabad. The datawas collected from the participants through face to face interview. A validated and reliableinventory Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS-4) was employed. The collected data wasanalysed by bivariate correlation and independent t test. Results: Results show that most(81.5%) of the children has high level of SWB. Young children (9-10 years) have significantly (p=0.005) higher level of SWB than older children (11-12 years). Furthermore, the study found asignificant positive relationship (p = 0.008, r= 0.187) between SWB and SES. Conclusions: Itis concluded that the level of SWB in Pakistani children is high and SWB varies with regard toage. SWB and SES are positively associated with each other. When programmes and policiesare developed for improvement of human life satisfaction particularly for children, involvementof age and SES factors must be considered.

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