scholarly journals Investigation of community outbreak of enteric fever associated with drinking water in Borsad, Anand, Gujarat

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Harsh Bakshi ◽  
Sachin Patel ◽  
Manisha Panchal ◽  
Sanju Gajjar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Rapid Response Team ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Response Team

Background:  Enteric fever is an endemic health problem and frequently associated with outbreaks. Objectives: Investigate sudden surge in gastroenteritis cases to confirm the outbreak, describe it in terms of time place and person, identify source of infection, modes of transmission and suggest remedial measures. Material & Methodology: Field visit was undertaken by the rapid response team (RRT) at Borsad town of Anand district in Gujarat for investigating suspected typhoid outbreak. This involved gathering information from local authorities, hospital admissions and home visits; collection of blood samples and water samples. Result:  Of 30 suspected cases, 19 (63.3%) tested Widal positive. Common presenting symptoms were fever, vomiting followed by diarrhea and abdominal pain. Chlorine levels at source and end users were inadequate. 5 leakage points in water supply were identified in areas around the clustered cases. Conclusion and Recommendations: Leakage in piped water supply coupled with inadequate chlorination lead to contaminated drinking water and subsequent Typhoid epidemic. Corrective steps in form of rapid surveys to identify cases, household chlorination and appropriate engineering measures were recommended and implemented.

scholarly journals Household-level drinking water quality, access, and management practices within an informal community: a case study at Rio das Pedras, Rio de Janeiro

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Remigio ◽  
Renata S. Rabello ◽  
Garazi Zulaika ◽  
Marilia S. Carvalho ◽  
Paulo R. G. Barrocas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
At Home

Abstract Inter-household patterns in drinking water access, consumption, perception, and quality among residents can vary in Rio das Pedras (RdP), a large favela in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. While unreliable water quality can influence residents to diversify their drinking water supply, household drinking water management practices are not generally known for this community. Household surveys, and indoor tap, piped water before entering the home, filtered, or bottled dispenser water samples were collected. Respondents reported storing water (91%) and near-daily access to piped water (78%). A majority of households reported cleaning water storage tanks at least once every 6 months. Also, residents rely on bottled water and a considerable proportion supplemented their water supply with at-home filtered water. The quality and safety of these sources are not necessarily superior to indoor tap water, especially under conditions of appropriate water storage tank cleaning. Higher prevalence of total coliform detections was found in indoor tap, filtered, and bottled water. Household characteristics such as home ownership, residence type, and residence time exhibited a positive association with improved tank cleaning. Community health practitioners could evaluate practices in water storage, at-home filtration maintenance, and bottled water dispenser systems using household characteristics to promote protective actions.

scholarly journals Impact of a standardized admissions process using a nurse intermediary

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andrea Blome ◽  
Kraftin Schreyer ◽  
Dharmini Shah Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Rapid Response Team ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Admission Decision ◽  
Nurse Coordinator ◽  
Response Team ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Admissions Process

Objective: Transitions of care, including those between the Emergency Department (ED) and Internal Medicine (IM) for hospital admissions are complicated, variable processes that impact efficiency and patient safety. At our institution, a new, standardized admissions process that involved a nurse coordinator intermediary who served a dual role of facilitating admissions and overseeing bed board was implemented in July 2017. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the new process on ED throughput and safety outcomes of admitted patients.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the admissions process for patients at an urban, academic ED was conducted over a 4-month period preceding and following process implementation. ED metrics, including admission decision to ED departure time, were reviewed. In addition, the number of admitted patients upgraded to the intensive care unit (ICU) via a rapid response team (RRT-ICU) within 24 hours of admission and direct physician-physician handoffs were analyzed via surveys of both IM and EM physicians.Results: A total of 1,109 admissions were reviewed. The new admissions process resulted in a statistically significant decrease in boarding times for admitted ED patients (p = .03). The number of RRT-ICUs within 24 hours of admission did not change as a result of the intervention (p = .5). Direct physician handoffs increased, but not significantly, according to surveys of IM (p = .39) and EM physicians (p = .34).Conclusions: The implementation of a standardized admissions process utilizing a nurse intermediary improved provider communication and ED throughput without negatively impacting patient safety.

scholarly journals Epidemic Situation in Ukraine Related to the Quality of Drinking Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Sanitation Systems

70 outbreaks of severe enteric infections were registered among the population in 19 administrative territories in Ukraine over the past 17 years. The source of infection was poor-quality water. A total of 8265 people acquired an infection, 4140 of them were children. Most outbreaks were related to the piped water contaminated by rotaviruses, as a result of emergencies in the water supply and sanitation systems.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Self-Supply Water in Metro City

2021 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Ikhtiar Jauhari ◽  
Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo ◽  
Cindy R Priadi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Drilling Cost ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Supply Water

Self-supply of drinking water is implemented in areas where the coverage of piped water services is inadequate, low incomes residents, and poor performance of piped water supply. The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is a method of evaluating all costs incurred and is used to track the financing of the drinking water sector. This study analyses LCC of self-supply water in the Metro City, Indonesia. A field survey was conducted using a questionnaire in October 2020 for households in Metro City that captured information on costs incurred for household water use. It was observed that self-supply water uses in Metro City accounts for 92.86.30% of all water supplies. The average recurrent expenditure is Rp.224,344/ year with mean of capital cost is Rp.275,273. Most expensive cost for self-supply is borehole. High cost of borehole due deeper groundwater source, borehole use more pump electricity and higher drilling cost. This funding for selfsupply water is carried out independently by the households. These results highlighted the importance of self-financing for the water supply sector. Increased reliability and safety of self-supply require a better awareness of the costs and benefits of developing water sources. Furthermore, selfsupply water requires better governance to achieve safe water access.

Study of national rural drinking water programme implementation during last five years (from FY 2010–2011 to 2014–2015) in state of Madhya Pradesh, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Abhishek Parsai ◽  
Varsha Rokade
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Present Rate ◽  
Per Capita

The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India is entrusted with the responsibility for providing financial and technical resources for ensuring safe and sufficient drinking water in rural habitations of India. As per data available on the online portal of MDWS regarding progress of the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), out of a total 1,696,664 habitations nationwide, 1,249,695 (73.65%) habitations have been provided with a minimum of 40 litres per capita per day of water supply. Only 40.14% of the total habitations nationwide are provided with piped water supply schemes (PWSSs), and the remaining 59.86% of habitations have hand pumps and other schemes, whereas in the case of Madhya Pradesh, these figures are 15.96% and 84.04%, respectively. With the present rate of habitation coverage and quality of programme implementation, it seems almost impossible to reach the targets set in the ‘Strategic Plan for the rural drinking water sector for the period 2011 to 2022’. This study presents the findings of a state wide quantitative assessment of NRDWP implementation during the last five financial years (2010–2011 to 2014–2015) and also qualitative assessment of 16 PWSSs in 4 selected districts.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

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