scholarly journals Determinants of Poverty: A Spatial Analysis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Nawawi ◽  
Ibrahim Busu ◽  
Norashikin Fauzi ◽  
Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Data Tables ◽  
Log Linear

Eradicating poverty has become the main concern for Malaysian government since independence. Recognising the incidence of poverty through standard statistical data tables alone is no longer adequate. This study examines socio-demographic effects on poverty and measures spatial patterns in poverty risk looking for high risk of areas. The poverty data were counts of the numbers of poverty cases occurring in every ten districts of Kelantan. To model these data, a spatial autocorrelation was detected prior to a Poisson Log Linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive was fitted to the data. The result shows the variables household members, number of non-education of household head and log number of female household head significantly associated with the number of poor households. Tumpat was found as the highest risk area of poverty.

scholarly journals Analysis of spatial determinants of poverty in Kelantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Nawawi ◽  
Ibrahim Busu ◽  
Norashikin Fauzi ◽  
Mohamad Faiz Mohd Amin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Delaunay Triangulation ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Demographic Effects

This study examines socio-demographic effects on poverty and measures spatial patterns in poverty risk looking for high risk of areas. The poverty data were counts of the numbers of poverty cases occurring in each 66 districts of Kelantan. A Poisson Log Linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive model with different neighbourhood matrices was fitted to the data. The results show that the contiguity neighbour was performed nearly similar to Delaunay triangulation neighbourhood matrix in estimate poverty risk. Apart from that, the variables average age, number of non-education of household head and number of female household head significantly associated with the number of poor households head. Kursial was found as the highest risk area of poverty among 66 districts in Kelantan.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCE SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN POOR HOUSEHOLDS IN WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Hefrizal Handra ◽  
Zamzami Zamzami
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Economic Survey ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

<p>This research is purposed to learn the behaviors of poor households in managing their income for buying cigarettes using data from the National Social Economic Survey of West Sumatera Province in 2013 using OLS method as a tool of analysis.<br />Results of the analysis show that the cigarette spending in percentage of income in smoker households in West Sumatera Province is very large, far larger than the percentage of spending for education and health. Household cigarette spending is influenced by income factors, cigarette prices, number of adult male household members, area of residence, age category of the household head, and education of the household head.</p><p>JEL Classification: D10, D31, P46<br />Keywords: Cigarette Spending, OLS Regression, Smoking Household, Taste Intervention</p>

scholarly journals Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Yennie Dwi Rozanti ◽  
Mohamad Khusaini ◽  
Ferry Prasetyia
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Logit Regression Model

Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.

Belgium: Creeping Vulnerability of Children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Vinck ◽  
Wim Van Lancker
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
The Impact

Belgium has been plagued by comparatively high levels of child poverty, and by a creeping, yet significant, increase that started in the good years before the crisis. This is related to the relatively high share of jobless households, the extremely high and increasing poverty risk of children growing up in these households, and benefits that are inadequate to shield jobless families with children from poverty. Although the impact of the Great Recession was limited in Belgium, the crisis seems to have had an impact on child poverty, by increasing the number of children living in work-poor households. Although the Belgian welfare state had an important cushioning impact, its poverty-reducing capacity was less strong than it used to be. The most important lesson from the crisis is that in order to make further headway in reducing child poverty, not only activation but also social protection should be improved.

scholarly journals The Role of Human Capital Factors on Poverty in Informal Settlement: Informal Settlement of Sheikh-Hasan, Mashhad City, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Javad Barati ◽  
Sahar Soltani ◽  
Simin Froogh-Zadeh ◽  
Farzaneh Razaghian
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Mashhad City ◽  
Household Members

This paper investigates the determinants of multi-dimension poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad City. It specially analyzes human capital factors, among factors that influence poverty level. Education, skills, experience and knowledge have important role in promoting income level and in access to sustainable jobs, especially in informal settlements that have lower human capital level than the urban areas other. Mashhad city has most marginal settlements in Iran. Sheikh-Hasan Neighborhood in Mashhad Municipality region 4 has been selected as case study. This study is based on information gathered from household level in 2016 and the ordered logit model is employed to estimate factors influencing urban poverty. Data were obtained from 300 households using the questionnaire Through the Systematic Random technique. Calculation of poverty indexes reveals that nearly 87% of households are below absolute poverty line and 20% of households are below extreme poverty line. Marginal effects show variables of “job stability”, “Ownership”, “Household size” and “Education of household head” have the greatest impact on poverty alleviation. Also, variables of “Education level” and “highest level of education of household members” have positive effect and significant on poverty. Results represent that poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad is strongly linked to factors such as human capital. In addition, with increasing the level of knowledge of household heads and creation of favorable conditions for increasing of the education level of household members can reduce poverty.

scholarly journals Usaha Ternak Domba sebagai Jalur Keluar dari Kemiskinan Buruh Tani di Perdesaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Sondi Kuswaryan ◽  
Cecep Firmansyah ◽  
Muhammad Hasan Hadiana
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Household Members

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemungkinan usaha ternak domba sebagai aktivitas nafkah untuk pengentasan kemiskinan, serta menentukan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang dapat  membawa rumah tangga buruh tani keluar dari kemiskinan. Survey telah dilakukan di Desa Walangsari Kecamatan Kalapanunggal Kabupaten Sukabumi, melibatkan rumah tangga buruh tani miskin sebanyak 65 orang dan 22 orang tidak miskin. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan dianalisis menggunakan model regresi logistik biner, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba yang harus dipelihara untuk keluar dari kemiskinan ditentukan dengan model regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia kepala keluarga, dan pengalaman beternak tidak mempengaruhi kemiskinan, sedangkan jumlah kepemilikan domba, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, keterlibatan dalam kelembagaan, serta sumber pendapatan dari non pertanian mempengaruhi status kemiskinan rumah tangga buruh tani. Pada rata-rata jumlah anggota rumah tangga sebanyak 4,45 orang,untuk keluar dari kemiskinan buruh tani harus memelihara minimal sebanyak 36,63 ekor domba per rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa usaha ternak domba dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk pengentasan kemiskinan buruh tani, program pengentasan kemiskinan akan efektif bila melibatkan kelembagaan lokal.Kata Kunci: buruh tani, jumlah kepemilikan domba, kemiskinanABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the possibility of sheep farming as a livelihood activity for poverty alleviation and to determine the amount of sheep ownership that can bring farm laborers households out of poverty. Survey research has been carried out in Walangsari Village, Kalapanunggal District, Sukabumi Regency, involving 65 poor farmer households and 22 non-poor households. Factors affecting poverty were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model, while the number of sheep ownership needed to escape poverty was determined by a simple regression model. The results showed that the age of the head of the family, and experience of sheep farmers did not affect poverty, while the number of sheep ownership, number of household members, involvement in institutions, and sources of income from non-agriculture affected the poverty status of farm laborers' households. In the average number of household members as many as 4.45 people, to get out of poverty must maintain a minimum of 36.63 sheep per household. This research explains that sheep farming can be used as a means to reduce the poverty of farm laborers, and poverty alleviation programs will be effective if they involve local institutions.Keywords: farm labor, number of sheep ownership, poverty

An Analysis of Mobile Financial Services and Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-233
Author(s):  
Nahid Akhter ◽  
M. A. Baqui Khalily
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Male Household Head ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Mobile Financial Services ◽  
Household Heads

In a short span of time, starting in 2011, mobile financial services (MFSs) have burgeoned in Bangladesh, and elsewhere in the developing world. MFSs have brought about major changes in financial products and institutional structures in the financial services market. The study of Bangladesh’s experience with MFS shows that financial inclusion has greatly improved along with efficiency of provision. This article shows that the probability of using MFSs by a household increases by about 43 per cent if the households have temporary domestic migrant members. Female household heads are less likely to use MFS compared to male household head. Out of 1,588 micro merchants in the sample, around 30 per cent have access to MFSs. Individuals engaged in the non-agriculture sector, those from households with the head having higher education, those from non-poor households and those from urban areas have higher probabilities of MFS use. But more research must be done to design appropriate MFS products for the poor, so that they too can also leverage the benefits of MFSs.

An Inquiry into Remittances and Income Smoothing

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Susan Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Income Smoothing ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Elderly Household ◽  
Household Members

AbstractWhile we uncover evidence that remittances smooth household income, for a substantial fraction of household we find that remittance instead increase income volatility. We also explore the determinants of income volatility for all households. We find that in some cases, the determinants of household income volatility are the same for remittance-receiving and non-remittance receiving households, as for example with respect to the number of young children in the household, the educational attainment of household members and the location of the household. In other cases, determinants like the gender of the household head, the number of elderly household members and household size impact remittance-receiving and non-remittance receiving households differently.

scholarly journals Crowded out: Heterogeneity in risk attitudes among poor households in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Galliera ◽  
E. Elisabet Rutström
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Poor Households

AbstractNot much is known about the heterogeneity of risk attitudes among poor households in rich countries. This paper provides estimates from a unique data set collected among the urban poor in Atlanta, Georgia. The data set includes lab-in-the-field experiments on the relationship between risk attitudes and several household characteristics. Apart from looking at income, wealth, and education, we are particularly interested in household composition as it captures the number and kind of people who are dependant on the income of the household head. Heads of households who are less risk averse may be willing to take on the extra risk from smaller resource margins resulting from additional dependants, implying a negative relationship between household size and risk aversion. However, if the size of the household is a result of exogenous forces some heads of households may become more risk averse with more dependants. Household size can also reflect a risk management choice that involves adding non-dependant members who can provide resources and risk sharing. However, this possibility is limited to homes that are not already too crowded. We find that household size correlates positively with the risk aversion of the head, but with a large proportion of children the correlation is strongly dampened. However, this negative effect of children is conditional on the home not already being crowded. These heterogeneous findings have implications for the design of new insurance, savings, and credit programs where risk attitudes are important to the decisions to adopt.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Chin-Oh Chang ◽  
◽  
Shu-Mei Chen ◽  
Shiawee X. Yang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Male Dominated ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of aggregated needs of household members on the choice of housing location in Taipei, Taiwan, using a sample of 11,191 households and information collected from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing. Our results indicate that the choice of housing location is significantly affected impacted by the age, family origin, past housing location, education and occupation status, and the location of the workplaces of both spouses. We also find that this decision is more significantly influenced by the attributes of the male spouse than the female. However, among the households with a female household head, the female spouse characteristics are more likely to be significant. Our results also offer a snapshot of today’s Taiwanese culture and shows that it is dramatically different from the commonly believed male-dominated traditional Chinese culture.

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