Policies to control the COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 (S2) ◽  
pp. S218-S226
Author(s):  
Ronald Evans ◽  
Roger Bonilla ◽  
Roberto Salvatierra
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
Effective Suppression ◽  
Security Fund ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Made In

The objective of this paper is to present a series of policies for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic by the Costa Rican authorities. An exhaustive review of the pandemic control policies was made in the official government media, mainly the Ministry of Health and the Costa Rican Social Security Fund and some collective media. The first wave of the pandemic in Costa Rica was quite mild, allowing the government to address it with a series of quite effective suppression and mitigation measures, which had the unrestricted support of the population. The second wave grew aggressively, causing social discontent due to the economic impact. Due to the ineffectiveness of the “hammer and dance” strategy, the Costa Rican government has rethought that strategy, lifting certain restrictions while recognizing the risk involved in terms of the increase in cases of COVID-19 in cases and deaths.

scholarly journals Description of the characteristics of the clinical incidents reported in 2020 to the voluntary reporting system of a pediatric hospital in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robinson Rodriguez ◽  
Enrique Víctor Mora Enrique ◽  
Olga Olga Arguedas Arguedas ◽  
Rita Brenes Solano
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Voluntary Reporting ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
Security Fund ◽  
Sentinel Events ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Age Range

The objective of this manuscript was to describe the clinical incidents that were sent to the voluntary reporting system during 2020 at the National Children's Hospital of Costa Rica, belonging to the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. A descriptive observational study of the consolidated data that was sent during the months of January to December of the year 2020 was carried out. During 2020, 1.6% of the patients treated in the hospital experienced some type of clinical incident. The total discharges decreased by 38.4% compared to the discharges of the year 2019, however, the reported clinical incidents increased in the year 2020 by 37.6%, especially from the month of August. Sentinel events were not reported this year. The services that made the highest number of reports were Intensive Care (14.3%), General Surgery (12%), Neonatology (9.8%) and Infectiology (9%). The day on which the most incidents were reported was Wednesday (27.8%), in the first hospital shift most of the cases were reported (48.1%) and these incidents occurred predominantly to male individuals (66%). Regarding the age of the patients, the majority were in the age range from 1 year to less than 5 years (36.1%), followed by the age range from over 29 days to under 1 year (24, 1%). Most of the cases were related to the care provided to the patient (63.9%). 41.4% of the incidents required clinical measures but the sequelae were transitory. 51.1% of the cases merited some type of additional medical care to their therapeutic scheme upon admission. 96% of clinical incidents were reported by nursing staff. Most of the clinical incidents (35.3%) in this period were errors related to notes in the digital file.

Costa Rica in 1948: Cold War or Local War?

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Olander
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Panama Canal Zone ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

The years following World War Two produced a strong resurgence of U.S. intervention in Central America and the Caribbean couched in Cold War terms. Although the U.S. intervention in Guatemala to overthrow the government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 has generally been seen as the first case of Cold War covert anti-Communist intervention in Latin America, several scholars have raised questions about U.S. involvement in a 1948 Costa Rican civil war in which Communism played a critical role. In a 1993 article in The Americas, Kyle Longley argued that “the U.S. response to the Costa Rican Revolution of 1948, not the Guatemalan affair, marked the origins of the Cold War in Latin America.” The U.S. “actively interfered,” and achieved “comparable results in Costa Rica as in Guatemala: the removal of a perceived Communist threat.” Other authors have argued, even, that the U.S. had prepared an invasion force in the Panama Canal Zone to pacify the country. The fifty years of Cold War anti-Communism entitles one to be skeptical of U.S. non-intervention in a Central American conflict involving Communism. Costa Ricans, aware of a long tradition of U.S. intervention in the region, also assumed that the U.S. would intervene. Most, if not all, were expecting intervention and one key government figure described U.S. pressure as like “the air, which is felt, even if it cannot be seen.” Yet, historians must do more than just “feel” intervention. Subsequent Cold War intervention may make it difficult to appraise the 1948 events in Costa Rica objectively. Statements like Longley's that “it is hard to believe that in early 1948 … Washington would not favor policies that ensured the removal of the [Communist Party] Vanguard,” although logical, do not coincide with the facts of the U.S. role in the conflict.

Organization of American States

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-663
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
American States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Special Meeting

CouncilCosta Rica–Nicaragua Situation: At a special meeting of the Council on January 10, 1955, the representative of Costa Rica requested the Council to take action to protect Costa Rica's territorial integrity and sovereignty from intervention by the government of Nicaragua, by convoking a Meeting of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, pursuant to Article 6 of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, to act as Organ of Consultation in the matter. The Council had referred a similar request for action on April 21, 1954 back to the two countries for direct negotiations. The representative of Costa Rica charged that his country had tried to settle the dispute by direct negotiation and mediation, but that groups had meanwhile been trained and mobilized for invasion. The representative of Nicaragua stated in reply that the Costa Rican accusations were baseless and that President Figueros of Costa Rica was using them to rouse his people's patriotism and gain support for his regime. After prolonged discussion the Council decided to hold a meeting on January 12 to study the matter further and take suitable action; in the meantime the governments of Costa Rica and of Nicaragua were asked to refrain from acts likely to aggravate the controversy.

scholarly journals Does Motivation Contribute on Health Care Provision?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Landa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
Customer Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Security Fund

This study aimed to examine the contribution of employee motivation on provision of customer care in public health centres, in Morogoro Municipality. Data were collected from four selected public health institutions namely Morogoro General Hospital, Nunge Health Centre, Mafiga Health Centre and Kingolwila Health Centre respectively. The sample of 124 respondents were used, that is; employees and heads of the health centres. Collected data were coded using SPSS, where frequencies, percentages and chi-square were employed. The study identified that career development, training, appreciation, recognition, membership to the Social Security Fund, team work, working condition, paid leave, housing allowances and acting allowance were, the motivation schemes provided to public health employees. However public health workers are motivated by being a member on social security fund, medical cover, supervision, and job security. The result shows that there is significant difference between the employee who are motivated and those who are not motivated with regard to their provision of customer care to patients. The study concludes that most of the employees are not motivated by the existing motivation schemes which consequences lower their ability to provide the appropriate health services. The study recommends that strategies for improving motivation of employee to improve customer care include increase salary, improve working condition, pay housing allowance to all employees, allowance such as leave, overtime should be paid on time, promotion should be made in appropriate time and fair.

Is the Social Security Fund Solvent?

Challenge ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Edwin E. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Fund

Drug haul highlights Costa Rica’s security challenges

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Infrastructure

Subject Costa Rica drugs. Significance Costa Rican police on February 15 seized more than five tonnes of cocaine in a single operation -- the country’s largest-ever drugs seizure. The haul underlines the extent to which transnational drug-trafficking organisations have infiltrated the country, compounding concerns about related impacts on crime. The government of President Carlos Alvarado is currently implementing a new security strategy, but it is unclear how effective this will be in combating drug gangs. Impacts Costa Rica will seek extra security funding from partners such as the United States. Violence in neighbouring Nicaragua will exacerbate the pressures facing security forces along the border. The Limon region will be a bellwether for security trends as new infrastructure opens up the region.

The Social Security Program and the Private Sector Alternative: Lessons from History

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Jill Quadagno
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Security Program ◽  
Old Age Security ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Fund ◽  
Older Citizens ◽  
Relationship Of

As the Social Security program in the United States emerged from the crisis of the 1970s with a solid set of reforms intended to guarantee the program's financial solvency into the twenty-first century, a new attack on the system arose in the form of debates centering around the relationship of the Social Security fund to the federal deficit. Conservative economists used concerns about the national economy as fuel for their own arguments that Social Security has negatively affected the economy and that heavier reliance should be placed on private sector benefits. This paper uses historical evidence to analyze how adequately private sector benefits functioned in the past. Among the conclusions reached are that the private sector failed to provide adequate protection for older citizens, and that benefits were inequitably distributed on the basis of gender and social class. Any tendency toward heavier reliance on the private sector for provisions for old age security would only exacerbate existing inequalities.

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