scholarly journals Are Ministry of Environment holding times for nitrate and nitrite tests in drinking water justified?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Nguyen ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Kevin Soulsbury
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Well Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

  Background: Exposure to nitrate and nitrite in high concentration is associated with various health issues in humans such as methemoglobinemia, gastric and bladder cancers. Surface and ground water is vulnerable to nitrate and nitrite contamination which can have a significant impact to communities that use the water for consumption. Methods: Ion chromatography analysis of nitrate and nitrite degradation over time in well water from Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer was performed in an analytical chemistry study. Nitrate and nitrite test strips marketed for testing drinking water were also used and results were compared to ion chromatography results. Results: Test strips used were unable to detect the level of nitrate/nitrite in the well water sample drawn from the Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer. Ion chromatography, IC, methods were able to detect measurable amounts of nitrates which resulted from concentrations of 1.17 mg/L NO3 as N to 1.13 mg/L NO3 as N from day 0 to 31 of the sampling date. The concentration decreased 0.04 mg/L NO3 as N over 31 days. Nitrites tested by IC were below the detection limit. Conclusion: In regards to nitrates, the MOE holding times are justified in that the concentrations were statistically different (p = 0.0001) from day 0 to day 31 from the sampling date indicating a change of concentration of the chemical due to time. However, the difference was not of a magnitude that may impact public health practices/policies. Test strips comparisons with EPA IC methods were non-conclusive since test strips were unable to detect measurable amounts of nitrate/nitrites. Future studies of nitrate concentrations with respect to chemical and biological components in water may lead to a greater understanding of its change in the environment and thus its association with other potential health hazards.  

scholarly journals POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACT OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES: CASE STUDY FROM SERBIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 011
Author(s):  
Vesna Lazarević ◽  
Miodrag Đorđević ◽  
Nataša Đorđević ◽  
Nikola Igić ◽  
Ana Stojković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Supply Systems

Drinking water quality has a direct impact on the health of the population and is the main indicator of environmental sanitation and hygienic living conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of drinking water from three water supply systems in Serbia.The retrospective descriptive study was done covering the period between 2011 and 2015. We collected data from control water supply systems in three towns and tested the samples as required by the Regulation on the Hygienic Acceptability of Potable Water. The following indicators of water security were analyzed: ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, consumption of potassium permanganate, organic matter content, pH and electroconductivity. The microbiological quality was determined by analyzing the indicators of fecal contamination, Escherichia coli, Enterococci and Salmonellae, using the membrane filtration method.The most frequent parameters of physical-chemical insecurity of water were a high concentration of ammonia, lower pH levels, and increased consumption of potassium permanganate. The most common detected microbes were aerobic mesophilic bacteria which are not significant from the aspect of human health.These results showed that drinking water could pose a potential risk to local consumers. 

scholarly journals Presence of Nitrate and Nitrite in Well Water in Mureș County

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽  
Ibolya Fülöp ◽  
Emanuela Marcu ◽  
Mircea Dumitru Croitoru
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Pair Method ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Nitrate Anions ◽  
Toxicological Significance

AbstractObjective: One of the most important sources of nitrite and nitrate anions, besides vegetables and meat products, is the drinking water. Presence of nitrite and nitrate in the water in higher concentrations than those set by EFSA (0.5 mg/l nitrite, 50 mg/l nitrate), may have toxicological significance. A quantitative determination of these ions in samples collected from several pleases from Mureș County was made. Methods: Ninety-seven well water samples were tested from 12 different places from Mureș County. We used a simple HPLC-UV ion pair method for the determination of nitrite and nitrate concentrations. Sensitivity of the method enables the quantification for concentrations far below the MCL value. Results: The highest amounts of nitrate and nitrite were measured in Sangeorgiu de Mureș and Cristești. Concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were exceeded in 4.12% and respectively 44.32% of the samples. Conclusions: The high amounts of nitrites and nitrates existing in well water go beyond the expected extent. This pollution can become a health risk since this water is used in human nutrition especially in child nourishment.

scholarly journals Universal screening of private wells water quality in the Muntenia Region, Romania

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Gina Vasile Scaeteanu ◽  
Roxana Maria Madjar ◽  
George Adrian Peticila
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Universal Screening ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Private Wells

Drinking water quality is an actual and stringent problem and the presence of nitrate and nitrite ions above limits imposed by legislation may produce methemoglobinemia and different types of cancer. Because nitrate is odourless, colourless and tasteless is undetectable without tests and well water is recommended to be evaluated from this point of view, especially when in the proximity of the wells are activities which may contribute to water contamination. The present research was carried out with aim to achieve nitrate and nitrite levels from wells located in three areas from Muntenia region: Chiajna (Ilfov), Letca Noua (Giurgiu) and Manastirea (Calarasi). The obtained results evidenced that 10 from 14 analysed wells contain nitrate levels were over imposed limit, one of them located in Manastirea (Calarasi) being even 4 times higher. Regarding nitrite, water from one sampling point is over 0.5 mg/L, all the rest being lower and much lower than imposed limit.

scholarly journals Measurement of Nitrite and Nitrate in Saliva of Children with Different Caries Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durdi Qujeq ◽  
Maryam Rabiee ◽  
Mahtab Hamzeh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Caries Activity ◽  
Griess Reaction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

ABSTRACT Objective of the study Recently, there has been growing interest in the role of salivary nitrate and nitrite in caries protection. Nitrate is a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables and when secreted in saliva, is reduced to nitrite through bacterial respiration and subsequently reduced to nitric oxide in acidic condition. Nitric oxide takes part in oral non-specific immune system and prevents bacterial growth. The aim of present study was to determine the concentration of nitrite and nitrate in saliva of children with different caries activity. Materials and methods Ninety three children, 4 to 6 years old, enrolled in this case-control study and were divided into 3 groups; 31 caries free children, 31 with 5 <DFS ≤ 10 and 31 with DFS >10. Unstimulated saliva was collected and stored in 4°C. Measurement of nitrate and nitrite concentration was performed using Griess reaction. Data were analyzed by T-test, Chi-square, ANOVA and multiple comparisons using SPSS 18. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Mean value of DFS in the first, second and third were 0, 7.12 and 12.61 respectively. Mean value of nitrite and nitrate in the third group was significantly higher than two others (p < 0.05), but the difference between first and second group was not significant. Conclusion Increase in DFS was associated by increase in salivary nitrite and nitrate concentration. Clinical significance High concentration of nitrate and nitrite is not enough for caries prevention. How to cite this article Ghasempour M, Qujeq D, Rabiee M, Hamzeh M. Measurement of Nitrite and Nitrate in Saliva of Children with Different Caries Activity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):623-625.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Occurrences of Giardia cysts in beach water

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. W. Ho ◽  
T.-Y Tam
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beach Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

A total of 64 beach water samples with various bacteriological quality (Grades 1 to 4) were analysed for their bacteriological and parasitological contents (E coli and Giardia cysts respectively). Results indicated that Giardia cysts were detected in less than 10% of the Grade 1 beach water samples with E coli concentrations of &lt;24/100mL. For Grades 2, 3 & 4 beach water samples, Giardia cysts were found, respectively, in 85, 50 and 64% of the samples. Except for one beach water sample which had an unusually high concentration of Giardia cysts (23 cysts/L), they were generally present at moderate concentrations (&lt;10 cysts/L) in all other beach water samples. Despite moderate levels of Giardia cysts present in beach water of different grades, the potential health risk faced by swimmers bathing in local beach water needs to be carefully assessed as Giardia is known to have a low infectious dose.

Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Groundwater, Water Distribution Network, Bottled Water and Juices in Iran : A systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maasoumeh Marhamati ◽  
Asma Afshari ◽  
Behzad Kiani ◽  
Behrooz Jannat ◽  
Mohammad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Background: Nitrate and nitrite can get into the body through the consumption of contaminated water either directly or indirectly. The accumulation of these compounds in the body, in the long run, leads to health problems, for example, digestive disorders, cancers, and even death threats in children. The aim of this review is to investigate nitrate and nitrite pollution levels in drinking water and fruit juices in Iran. Methods: In this review data were collected through searching the Scientific Information Database, Science-Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Magiran databases using the keywords Nitrate, Nitrite, Drinking water, Drinking Water Resources, Juice and Iran. Finally, the location of the studies was geocoded through the Google My Maps (https://www.google.com/mymaps) software. Results: Studies clearly indicated that the juices are safe in terms of nitrate. Nitrate and nitrite values were less than the national and international standards in all samples of bottled drinking water except for a few of the studies. The results of the reviewed studies also indicated that the nitrate content was higher than that written on the label in 96% of the samples, and nitrite was not labeled in 80% of them. The nitrate quantity was higher than the permissible limit, in the water distribution network of Bushehr, Gilan and Mazandaran Provinces. Talesh, Ardabil, Hashtgerd, Divandareh, and Kerman cities had high nitrate levels in more than 50% of wells. Conclusion: Using nitrogen fertilizers and lack of a wastewater treatment system were the main reasons for the presence of nitrate and nitrite.

scholarly journals Soluble Salts Quantitative Characterization and Thermodynamic Modeling on Roman Bricks to Assess the Origin of Their Formation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Claudia Scatigno ◽  
Nagore Prieto-Taboada ◽  
Giulia Festa ◽  
Juan Manuel Madariaga
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Quantitative Characterization ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Acidic Gases ◽  
Hygroscopic Moisture ◽  
Ostia Antica

The environmental weathering and the formation of efflorescences on the brick walls are studied at the “Casa di Diana” Mithraeum at Ostia Antica archaeological site. Previous studies on subsoil, bedrock, hydrological systems and environmental conditions, and new ion chromatography analysis combined with ECOS-RUNSALT and Medusa-Hydra thermodynamic modelling software, had allowed us to identify the subsoil contamination related to soluble salts. The atmospheric acidic gases, CO2 and SO2, are determined as the main salt weathering species. A dry deposition after a subsequent hydration action from the shallow freshwater aquifer that reaches up to 1 m on the walls is identified as the mechanism of salt formation. An evaluation of potential sources such as the nearby Fiumicino airport, CO2-rich gases inputs from fumaroles and CO2 inputs was also debated. The risk level of contamination the surfaces of the materials should be considered mildly/very polluted with a medium/high risk of hygroscopic moisture due to the high concentration of sulphates.

Physico-chemical and Biological Properties of Groundwater Quality in Rural Settlement, Nadi, Fiji

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Roselyn Naidu ◽  
Lionel Joseph ◽  
Syed Sauban Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Health Organization

The current study investigated drinking water quality of samples taken from Arolevu village, a locality situated in Nadi, Fiji. The groundwater samples were collected and subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical and biological analysis. The analysis for the drinking water sample was conducted seasonally, six times a year, that is, three for the dry season and three for the wet season. The results retrieved from the analysis were compared to its maximum contamination levels (MCLs) based on the health-based guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO standards were used as an attribute to determine the sources of contaminants likely to be present at the study site. A degradation trend in drinking water quality in the context of climate change may lead to potential health impacts. Hence, it is important to understand seasonal variations in drinking water quality. A proper understanding of the drinking water quality through seasonal water analysis for nitrate, nitrite, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine content as well as its microbiological presence to reduce preventable risks such as using calculated amounts of fertilisers and upgrading the sewerage system to alleviate drinking water contamination is devised through this study.

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