scholarly journals Biological hazards associated with microblading and evaluation of its infection control procedures and wound care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wong ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogen

  Background: Microblading is emerging as one of the fastest growing beauty trends, appearing in tattoo shops, hair salons, and even in private home studios. The procedure uses a tool with single blade to penetrate the upper layer of the dermis and deposit semi-permanent pigments to mimic hair-like strokes. This study compares the risks of microblading to those in tattooing and analyzes the similarities in order to determine the biological hazards associated with microblading. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge on microblading practices specifically, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of infection control knowledge and practices in place, as well as the attitudes towards regulations in British Columbia. Method: Self-administered electronic surveys created on Google Forms were distributed to microblading establishments in B.C. through email. The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of microbladers in B.C. through a series of questions regarding demographics, infection control, and wound care. A list of 130 microblading establishments were contacted and asked to participate in the online survey. Results: Among the 130 microblading establishments contacted, 41 agreed to participate. The majority of microbladers had a college certificate or diploma, 1-5 years of experience, and have taken a bloodborne pathogen course. Over 31% of the participants operated both in microblading as well as permanent makeup, 27% operated solely as microbladers, and 22% of the participants had both microblading and spa operations. The most prevalent form of training was a microblading course that lasted a week or longer, and 78% of the participants felt that there should be more training required for becoming a microblader. There was no association between the years of experience and level of pathogen knowledge according to the Chi square test (p=0.78), and no association between the attitude towards regulations regarding microblading and the number of infection control measures in place (p=0.38). However, there was a statistically significant association between taking a bloodborne pathogen course and knowing the correct bloodborne pathogens of concern. Conclusion: Microbladers in British Columbia are fairly new and thus only have 1-5 years of experience, and minimal training of week-long microblading courses. A majority of them feel that more training or certification should be required and that there should be more regulations regarding microblading. The results indicated that education and training provide the most knowledge rather than years of experience. This suggests that health authorities should focus on providing more access to education for microblading, such as offering a TattooSafe program for tattooing microblading, and permanent makeup, similar to FoodSafe, and developing more material to inform microblading fact sheets.  

scholarly journals Clinical Experience, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Turkish Pediatric Dentists during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Yelda Koç ◽  
Serap Akyüz ◽  
Damla Akşit-Bıçak
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Pediatric Dentists

Background and Objectives: “Coronavirus Disease 2019” (COVID-19) is a critical public health problem that has affected all fields, including dentistry. The dental management of children has become even more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current knowledge, attitudes and practices of Turkish pediatric dentists who have been providing dental treatments to children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: After receiving ethical approval, this cross-sectional study was conducted using the Google Forms online survey instrument. An online questionnaire link was sent to all the members of the Turkish Society of Paediatric Dentistry by e-mail and through social media. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test; a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 pediatric dentists participated in this study and most of them (82%) only performed emergency dental treatments, whereas 18.5% performed both emergency and routine dental practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The vast majority (72.5%) of pediatric dentists prescribed antibiotics and analgesics to their patients who were not cooperative with non-pharmacological behavior management techniques. The findings of the current study showed that the Turkish pediatric dentists had a good level of knowledge about COVID-19, satisfactorily conducted most of the infection control measures before and after the dental treatments, and attached importance to the use of PPEs; however, infection control measures during the dental treatments could be implemented better. Conclusions: Along with all precautions, the vaccination of healthcare workers and requesting a recent test result from patients showing a lack of COVID-19 disease before dental appointments could be used as effective infection control measures. Additionally, pediatric dentists should continue to follow local and universal guidelines, and education programmes should be frequently implemented in order to keep their COVID-19 management strategies up to date.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Compliance of Infection Control Measures among Dental Radiographers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maram Alakhras ◽  
Dana S. Al-Mousa ◽  
Arwa Mahasneh ◽  
Amani G. AlSa’di
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Surface Barriers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objectives. To assess the level of dental radiographers’ compliance with infection control measures and to evaluate the factors affecting their compliance. Methods. The study included 175 dental radiographers. Compliance with infection control was evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 33 questions related to vaccination, hand hygiene (HH), personal protective equipment (PPE), disinfection and sterilization, and use of surface barriers. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare compliance between subgroups of radiographers. Results. 64.6% of participants were females, and 62.9% was younger than 30 years. 13.0% of the sample population had >10 years of experience and 28.0% take radiographs for >20 patients/day. 66.9% of participants wash their hands before/after taking radiographs. 26.3% of participants had vaccination against hepatitis B, tetanus, and tuberculosis. 12.6% fully use PPE, 10.9% perform complete disinfection and sterilization, and 16.0% apply all kinds of surfaces barriers. Vaccination was significantly affected by age, gender, and practice type. HH was affected by years of experience and number of patients radiographed per day. PPE was influenced by number of hours worked per week and patients radiographed daily. Disinfection and sterilization was affected by practice type and years of experience. The use of surface barriers was affected by age, practice type, and number of patients radiographed/day. Conclusions. The current study indicated poor compliance with infection control practices among dental radiographers. We recommend continuing educational programs and training courses to increase dental radiographers’ awareness of local and international infection control guidelines and to enhance their implementation of these guidelines.

scholarly journals Attitudes and practices of infection control among senior dental students at college of dentistry, university of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S015-S019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betul Rahman ◽  
Sheela Balu Abraham ◽  
Amna Mohammed Alsalami ◽  
Fatima Eisa Alkhaja ◽  
Shaikha Ibrahim Najem
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Students Attitudes

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate compliance, awareness and practices of infection control procedures among senior dental students at the College of Dentistry, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 119 subjects of 4 th and 5 th year dental students. A questionnaire was developed with 25 open and closed-ended questions related to barrier techniques, vaccination status, infection control practices and awareness. This was distributed among the senior dental students and completed upon signing the consent form. Each questionnaire was coded to ensure the confidentiality of responses. Results: The questionnaire was distributed among 223 senior dental students at the University of Sharjah of which only 119 students (53%) responded. Compliance with the use of protective barriers was high with the exception of protective eye wear, utilized by a mere 27% of students. There was a significant difference between 4 th and 5 th year dental students′ attitudes (p < 0.05) regarding the treatment of patients with infectious diseases. Compared with 44.4% of the 5 th year students, 68.5% of the 4 th year students did not mind treating patients with infectious diseases. Owing to this, 61.9% of the 5 th year students suffered from non-sterile percutaneous and mucous membrane exposures compared with 44.6% of the 4 th year students (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Efforts are needed to improve attitudes, implement information and motivate students in the correct and routine use of infection control measures. With all infection control protocols already implemented in dental schools, the challenge remains on improving compliance with infection control recommendations.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived challenges among Palestinian pharmacists regarding COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 205031212110692
Author(s):  
Amer Koni ◽  
Sari Taha ◽  
Aiman Daifallah ◽  
Mouath Koni ◽  
Shatha Abutaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
Infection Control Measures

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceived challenges regarding coronavirus disease 2019 among pharmacists in Palestine. Methods: An online method was used to collect the data. Three hundred sixty-four pharmacists participated in the study from all areas in the Palestinian territories. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: sociodemographics; knowledge, attitudes, practices regarding coronavirus disease 2019; and barriers that prevent the implementation of infection control measures. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program Version 21 was used to analyze the data. Variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, mean, and median. The chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson’s test were applied, along with logistic regression analysis. Results: The median age of the participants was 29 years old, and most of them were female (70.9%). The analysis found that 76.4% of pharmacists had good knowledge regarding coronavirus disease 2019, and 52.7% had good practices. The median attitude score recorded by the participants was 32 points [Q1–Q3: 30–34] out of 35. Notably, the level of concern regarding coronavirus disease 2019 was significantly associated with all three tools of measurement; knowledge ( p = 0.001), attitudes ( p = 0.001), and practices ( p = 0.001). It also appears that more years of experience had higher odds (3–5 years of experience: odds ratio, 2.560; 95% confidence interval, 1.413–4.639; p = 0.002, more than 5 years: odds ratio, 2.931; 95% confidence interval, 1.188–7.232; p = 0.020) of good practice. Conclusion: Although an acceptable level of knowledge was found, it might be considered inadequate. Moreover, there is a lack of appropriate adherence to safety measures from pharmacists. Therefore, we recommend the responsible authorities generate an organized training program to expand pharmacists’ knowledge and experience regarding coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals 208 - Person-centred infection prevention and control during a pandemic: The Dementia Isolation Toolkit

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Andrea Iaboni ◽  
Hannah Quirt ◽  
Steven Stewart ◽  
Alisa Grigorovich ◽  
Claudia Barned ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
People With Dementia

Objectives:People working in long-term care homes (LTCH) face ethical dilemmas about how to minimize the risk of spread of COVID-19, while also minimizing psychological hardship and other harms of infection control measures on residents. The Dementia Isolation Toolkit (www.dementiaisolationtoolkit.com; DIT) was developed to address the gap in ethical guidance for LTCH on how to safely and effectively isolate people with dementia while supporting the personhood and well-being of residents. In this presentation, we will present the DIT and report on the results of a survey of LTCH staff in Ontario, Canada on their experiences isolating residents in LTCH and the use of the DIT in supporting person-centred isolation care.Methods:A link to an online survey was distributed to LTCH staff through provincial organizations and agencies as well as through social media and the DIT website. Inclusion criteria were LTCH staff working on-site at a LTCH since March 1, 2020, who had direct or indirect experience with the isolation/quarantine of LTCH residents. Results were summarized descriptively.Results:A broad sample of LTCH staff (n=207) participated in the survey, most of whom had experienced an outbreak in their LTCH. Dementia (96%) was the most important barrier to implementation of infection control measures in LTCH, followed by staff distress about the effects of isolation on residents (61%). Important facilitators for isolation included delivery of 1:1 activities in the resident’s room (81%) and designating essential caregivers to provide support (67%), while inadequate staffing levels were reported as a barrier (55%). 65% of respondents indicated some familiarity with the DIT, and of those who had used the toolkit, 62% found it helpful in supporting isolation care, particularly in developing care plans and making and communicating decisions. Of those who had used the DIT, 48% found it fairly or very helpful at reducing their level of distress.Conclusions:Isolation as an infection control and prevention (ICP) measure in LTCH environments can be harmful to residents and create moral distress in staff. ICP guidance and support of LTCH needs to address how to minimize these harms by providing dementia-specific guidance such as in the DIT.

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL CHANGES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: RESULTS OF A NATIONAL SURVEY IN SINGAPORE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria JE Long ◽  
Jean CJ Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Introduction: As part of infection control measures for COVID-19, individuals have been encouraged to adopt both preventive (e.g., handwashing) and avoidant behavioural changes (e.g., avoiding crowds). In this study, we examined whether demographics predicted the likelihood that a person would adopt these behaviours in Singapore. Materials and Methods: 1145 participants responded to an online survey conducted between 7 March - 21 April 2020. As part of the survey, we collected demographic information and asked participants to report which of 17 behaviour changes they had undertaken because of the outbreak. We ran regression models to predict, using demographic information: (1) the total number of behavioural changes undertaken, (2) the number of preventive changes undertaken, and (3) the number of avoidant changes undertaken. Finally, we sought to identify predictors of persons who: (4) declared that they had not undertaken any of these measures following the outbreak. Results: Females and those who were younger adopted more preventive behaviours: whereas females were more likely to increase handwashing frequency, younger individuals were more likely to wear face masks prior to legislation. Females and those who were married adopted more avoidant behaviours, with both groups avoiding crowded areas and staying home more than usual. Females also voluntarily reduced physical contact, whereas those who were married chose outdoor venues and relied on online shopping. Conclusion: Our characterisation of behavioural changes provides a baseline for public health advisories. Moving forward, local health authorities can focus their efforts to encourage segments of the population who do not readily adopt infection control measures against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of radiology healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110158
Author(s):  
Jolene Wei Ling Ooi ◽  
Amanda Tse Wern Er ◽  
Choon Ming Chong ◽  
Koh Tzan Tsai ◽  
Mei Choo Chong
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Difference Set ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Staff Wellbeing

Background: Medical imaging is vital in the diagnostic workup and evaluation of patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19; hence, radiology healthcare workers (HCWs) were an essential part of the early containment response to the pandemic. Radiology services are facing rising demands to introduce stricter infection control measures, and staff are expected to adhere to the new protocols while coping with a surge in patients. Objectives: This study aims to identify the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAPs) of radiology HCWs at a single site with regard to workplace preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A 26-item questionnaire was conducted with radiographers, radiology nurses, and support staff who had direct patient contact. Questions were concerned with involvement in managing suspected or positive COVID-19 patients, knowledge of infection control measures, and attitudes and perceptions in relation to working during the pandemic. Results were analysed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation, with statistical difference set at p<0.05. Results: Radiology HCWs self-reported significantly better knowledge of infection control measures and positive work attitudes. Those who had received the flu vaccine had significantly better perceptions of working during the pandemic. Suggested improvements included better organisational structure and more resources, better staff compliance and vigilance, better education, and a clearer focus on staff wellbeing. Conclusion: The findings indicate favourable KAPs among radiology HCWs in Singapore with regard to workplace preparedness during the pandemic, but efforts towards sustainability must be considered. Formulating policies to nurture motivated and resilient HCWs during a pandemic is advocated to foster a resilient workforce that is prepared for the next pandemic.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Infection Control Measures in Stomatology Students in Lima, Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Silva ◽  
Silvia Palomino ◽  
Ada Robles ◽  
Jorge Ríos ◽  
Frank Mayta-Tovalino
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Introduction. The level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to infection control measures in undergraduate stomatology students is not well understood; that is why these variables were evaluated in the students of the Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista between September and November of 2017.Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 347 students from the Ica, Lima Norte, and Chorrillos campuses were evaluated. The sample was calculated using the statistical formula of comparison of means. The questionnaire of the CDC (Center of Contagious Diseases) was used to measure the variables described.Results. It was observed that 72.05% of the students preferred to use oral rinsing before starting a treatment, 72.62% used the autoclave as the primary equipment to sterilize their instruments in the dental clinic, 95.10% considered that isolation is important in the control of the infection, 46.40% affirmed that tuberculosis is the most infectious disease, and only 26.51% considered it to be hepatitis B. On the other hand, it was found that the scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 2.74 ± 2.16, 3.59 ± 0.88, and 3.59 ± 1.73, respectively.Conclusions. The level of knowledge was low among the students evaluated; however, as far as the level of practices and attitudes was high, even so, this topic must be reinforced so that stomatology students reflect on the importance of the risks that exist to get infected with any disease inside the dental office, as outside of it.

scholarly journals Behavioural changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a nationwide survey in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria JE Long ◽  
Jean CJ Liu
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Behaviour Changes

Introduction: As part of infection control measures for COVID-19, individuals have been encouraged to adopt both preventive (such as handwashing) and avoidant behavioural changes (e.g. avoiding crowds). In this study, we examined whether demographics predicted the likelihood that a person would adopt these behaviours in Singapore. Methods: A total of 1,145 participants responded to an online survey conducted between 7 March and 21 April 2020. We collected demographic information and asked participants to report which of 17 behaviour changes they had undertaken because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Regression analyses were performed to predict the number of behavioural changes (preventive, avoidant, and total) as a function of demographics. Finally, we sought to identify predictors of persons who declared that they had not undertaken any of these measures following the outbreak. Results: Most participants (97%) reported at least one behavioural change on account of the pandemic, with changes increasing with the number of local COVID-19 cases (P<0.001). Additionally, women and those who were younger adopted more preventive behaviours (gender: P<0.001; age: P=0.001). Women were more likely to increase handwashing frequency, and younger individuals were more likely to wear face masks prior to legislation. Finally, women and those who were married adopted more avoidant behaviours (gender: P<0.001; marital status: P<0.001), with both groups avoiding crowded areas and staying home more than usual. Women also voluntarily reduced physical contact, whereas those who were married preferentially chose outdoor venues and relied on online shopping. Conclusion: Our characterisation of behavioural changes provides a baseline for public health advisories. Moving forward, health authorities can focus their efforts on encouraging segments of the population who do not readily adopt infection control measures against COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Lived Experience of Implementing Infection Control Measures in Care Homes during two waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. A mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Bunn ◽  
Julii Suzanne Brainard ◽  
Kathleen Lane ◽  
Charlotte Salter ◽  
Iain R Lake
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Care Home Staff ◽  
Infection Control Measures

CONTEXT During COVID-19 care-homes had to implement strict Infection Control Measures (ICMs), impacting on care and staff morale. OBJECTIVES To explore the lived experiences of care-home staff in implementing ICMs. METHODS Mixed-methods study comprising 238 online survey responses and 15 in-depth interviews with care-home staff, November 2020-January 2021 in England. RESULTS Three themes were identified: Integrating COVID-19 ICMs with caring, Conveying knowledge and information, Professional and personal impacts of care-work during the pandemic. Reported adherence to ICMs was high but fatalistic attitudes towards COVID-19 infection were present. Challenges of providing care using personal protective equipment (PPE), especially for residents with dementia, were highlighted. Interviewees reported dilemmas between strictly implementing ICMs and conflicts with providing best care to residents and preserving personal space. Nine months into COVID-19, official guidance was reported as confusing, constantly changing and poorly suited to care-homes. Care-home staff appreciated opportunities to work with other care-homes and experts to interpret and implement guidance. ICM training was undertaken using multiple techniques but with little evaluation of these or how to sustain behaviour change. Limitations Results may not be generalizable to other countries. Implications COVID-19 has had a profound effect on well-being of care-home staff. Despite challenges, participants reported broadly good morale, potentially a consequence of supportive colleagues and management. Nevertheless, clear, concise and care-home focussed ICM guidance is still needed. This should include evidence-based assessments on implementing and sustaining adherence. Groups of care-home staff and ICM experts working together to co-create, interpret and implement guidance were viewed positively.

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