scholarly journals Feeding and Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Methane Emission from Large Ruminants: Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aman Getiso ◽  
◽  
Diribi Mijena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Maturity Management ◽  
Global Emissions ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

Livestock are considered as a main source of GHGs emission by contributing approximately 9% of the total global emission and a major concern for global warming. Domestic animals account approximately 94% of the total global emissions of animals from these large ruminants (dairy and beef cattle) produce 30% and 35% of the livestock sectors’ emissions. Most methane (CH4) that is emitted from livestock originates in the forestomach, also called the rumen, of ruminants. Minimizing amount of methane that comes from rumination can improve production efficiency of livestock and is environmentally a sound practice. The emission rate can be minimized by handling proper feeding and nutritional management strategies, which can reduce excretion of GHG during ruminant digestion process. Dietary manipulation, type of carbohydrates animals fed, forage quality and maturity, management of pasture land, nutrient composition of diet and feed intake, feeding frequency, fat supplementation, and inclusion of feed additives such as saponins, tannins and essential oils are among the best feeding and nutritional management strategies to minimize amount of methane produced during rumination. The aim of this review was to investigate feeding and nutritional management strategies used to reduce methane production from ruminants in general and large ruminants in particular.

Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
M. Kreuzer ◽  
F. O'Mara ◽  
T. A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Budget

A variety of nutritional management strategies that reduce enteric methane (CH4) production are discussed. Strategies such as increasing the level of grain in the diet, inclusion of lipids and supplementation with ionophores (>24 ppm) are most likely to be implemented by farmers because there is a high probability that they reduce CH4 emissions in addition to improving production efficiency. Improved pasture management, replacing grass silage with maize silage and using legumes hold some promise for CH4 mitigation but as yet their impact is not sufficiently documented. Several new strategies including dietary supplementation with saponins and tannins, selection of yeast cultures and use of fibre-digesting enzymes may mitigate CH4, but these still require extensive research. Most of the studies on reductions in CH4 from ruminants due to diet management are short-term and focussed only on changes in enteric emissions. Future research must examine long-term sustainability of reductions in CH4 production and impacts on the entire farm greenhouse gas budget.

A model to account for the consequences of host nutrition on the outcome of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep: model evaluation

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. VAGENAS ◽  
S. C. BISHOP ◽  
I. KYRIAZAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThis paper describes sensitivity analyses and expectations obtained from a mathematical model developed to account for the effects of host nutrition on the consequences of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. The scenarios explored included different levels of parasitic challenge at different planes of nutrition, for hosts differing only in their characteristics for growth. The model was able to predict the consequences of host nutrition on the outcome of parasitism, in terms of worm burden, number of eggs excreted per gram faeces and animal performance. The model outputs predict that conclusions on the ability of hosts of different characteristics for growth to cope with parasitism (i.e. resistance) depend on the plane of nutrition. Furthermore, differences in the growth rate of sheep, on their own, are not sufficient to account for differences in the observed resistance of animals. The model forms the basis for evaluating the consequences of differing management strategies and environments, such as breeding for certain traits associated with resistance and nutritional strategies, on the consequences of gastrointestinal parasitism on sheep.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology and Reproductive Management of Farm Animals: Challenges and Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Reproductive efficiency of farm animals has central consequences on productivity and profitability of livestock farming systems. Optimal reproductive management is based on applying different strategies, including biological, hormonal, nutritional strategies, as well as reproductive disease control. These strategies should not only guarantee sufficient reproductive outcomes but should also comply with practical and ethical aspects. For example, the efficiency of the biological- and hormonal-based reproductive strategies is mainly related to several biological factors and physiological status of animals, and of nutritional strategies, additional factors, such as digestion and absorption, can contribute. In addition, the management of reproductive-related diseases is challenged by the concerns regarding the intensive use of antibiotics and the development of antimicrobial resistant strains. The emergence of nanotechnology applications in livestock farming systems may present innovative and new solutions for overcoming reproductive management challenges. Many drugs (hormones and antibiotics), biological molecules, and nutrients can acquire novel physicochemical properties using nanotechnology; the main ones are improved bioavailability, higher cellular uptake, controlled sustained release, and lower toxicity compared with ordinary forms. In this review, we illustrate advances in the most common reproductive management strategies by applying nanotechnology, considering the current challenges of each strategy.

Improving sheep production and welfare in extensive systems through precision sheep management

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Morris ◽  
Greg M. Cronin ◽  
Russell D. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

This overview discusses how precision sheep management could be utilised in the Australian sheep industry to improve production efficiency and reduce animal welfare concerns due to low monitoring frequency by stockpeople. The concept of precision sheep management is described. This is a system in which sheep are managed as individuals or small groups rather than as a (whole) flock. Precision sheep management utilises the application of radio frequency identification technology, enabling producers to better monitor sheep in extensive situations, and contribute to improved efficiency of management and sheep welfare. Examples of combining radio frequency identification with other technologies such as walk-over-weighing and Pedigree Matchmaker are discussed. These technologies provide producers with tools to improve the cost effectiveness of, and labour efficiency associated with, collecting data on individual animals. The combined technologies should also improve consistency and reliability of information, enhancing decision-making by producers, for example, from regular monitoring of biometric variables such as liveweight, or calculating breeding values to enable superior genetic comparisons over time.

Design of Rotary Flexible Manufacturing Cell with Multi-Station Automatic Stretching

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 1390-1393
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Xue Wu Hu ◽  
Xiao Ming Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Circular Disc ◽  
Flexible Manipulator ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing Cell ◽  
Manufacturing Cell ◽  
Automatic Loading ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

Rotary flexible manufacturing cell with multi-station automatic stretching is designed in this paper to meet the requirements of the machining process of cylindrical drawing parts as well as the needs of different stations for multi-drawing. The cell uses fixed circular disc worktable with multi-station. Each machining station has hydraulic stretcher to complete the drawing of the workpiece. Flexible manipulator finishes automatic loading and unloading among hydraulic stretchers. Gripper of manipulator with automatic center aligning and size control can grip workpiece in various sizes and has the function of self-centering. This equipment has completely realized all the stretching processes automaticly from feeding sheet metal to sending and forming workpieces. It can improve production efficiency and quality. It can also improve safety, reliability and cost efficiency. When replacing worked parts is needed, simply replace modular mold of every station in fixed circular disc worktable.

scholarly journals Understanding intestinal health in nursery pigs and the relevant nutritional strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Marcos E. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

In the modern pig production, pigs are weaned at early age with immature intestine. Dietary and environmental factors challenge the intestine, specifically the jejunum, causing inflammation and oxidative stress followed by destruction of epithelial barrier and villus structures in the jejunum. Crypt cell proliferation increases to repair damages in the jejunum. Challenges to maintain the intestinal health have been shown to be related to changes in the profile of mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of nursery pigs. All these processes can be quantified as biomarkers to determine status of intestinal health related to growth potential of nursery pigs. Nursery pigs with impaired intestinal health show reduced ability of nutrient digestion and thus reduced growth. A tremendous amount of research effort has been made to determine nutritional strategies to maintain or improve intestinal health and microbiota in nursery pigs. A large number of feed additives have been evaluated for their effectiveness on improving intestinal health and balancing intestinal microbiota in nursery pigs. Selected prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and other bioactive compounds can be used in feeds to handle issues with intestinal health. Selection of these feed additives should aim modulating biomarkers indicating intestinal health. This review aims to define intestinal health and introduce examples of nutritional approaches to handle intestinal health in nursery pigs.

scholarly journals Nutritional strategies to alleviate heat stress effects through feed restrictions and feed additives (vitamins and minerals) in broilers under summer conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhameed Salah Abdelhameed ◽  
◽  
Lozovskiy Alexander Robertovich ◽  
Ali Amany Muhammad Ahmed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

scholarly journals Effects of Microcredit on the Financial Performance of Small Scale Cooking Oil Processors in Central Malawi

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Lovemore Mtsitsi ◽  
Joseph K. Dzanja ◽  
Sera Gondwe ◽  
Bonet C. Kamwana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
Improve Production Efficiency

<p>The study was conducted to determine the effect of microcredit on financial performance of small scale cooking oil processors in central Malawi. Adopting a mixed research approach, the DuPont identity was used to compare the financial strengths and weaknesses between businesses that acquired a microcredit and those that did not. First, the study found that small scale cooking oil processing is a profitable business, regardless of their status in microcredit acquisition. However, microcredit had mixed effects on the financial performance of businesses. Microcredit improved the level of business capital for the businesses translating into better production efficiency, competitiveness and acquisition of a market share thus positively contributing to financial performance. On the other hand, microcredit increased the debt equity ratio hence increasing the businesses’ risk of default. The study recommends the businesses to further improve production efficiency and net asset turnovers. In addition, small and medium scale businesses ought to prudently contract microcredit in order to enhance their financial performance whilst checking for their risk of financial distress.</p>

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