scholarly journals Understanding intestinal health in nursery pigs and the relevant nutritional strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Sung Woo Kim ◽  
Marcos E. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

In the modern pig production, pigs are weaned at early age with immature intestine. Dietary and environmental factors challenge the intestine, specifically the jejunum, causing inflammation and oxidative stress followed by destruction of epithelial barrier and villus structures in the jejunum. Crypt cell proliferation increases to repair damages in the jejunum. Challenges to maintain the intestinal health have been shown to be related to changes in the profile of mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of nursery pigs. All these processes can be quantified as biomarkers to determine status of intestinal health related to growth potential of nursery pigs. Nursery pigs with impaired intestinal health show reduced ability of nutrient digestion and thus reduced growth. A tremendous amount of research effort has been made to determine nutritional strategies to maintain or improve intestinal health and microbiota in nursery pigs. A large number of feed additives have been evaluated for their effectiveness on improving intestinal health and balancing intestinal microbiota in nursery pigs. Selected prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and other bioactive compounds can be used in feeds to handle issues with intestinal health. Selection of these feed additives should aim modulating biomarkers indicating intestinal health. This review aims to define intestinal health and introduce examples of nutritional approaches to handle intestinal health in nursery pigs.

PSXVI-7 Supplemental effects of Lactobacillus extract postbiotics in prevention of post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic F18+ Escherichia coli in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 416-416
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Xu ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Crypt Cell ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Supplemental Effects

Abstract This study determined the supplemental effects of Lactobacillus extract (LBE) postbiotics on intestinal health and prevention of postweaning diarrhea caused by F18+ Escherichia coli (ETEC) in nursery pigs. Sixty-four weaned pigs (6.6 ± 0.7 kg BW) were allotted in a RCBD to 4 dietary treatments (NC: no-challenge; PC: challenge/no-treat; BMD: challenge/bacitracin; LBE: challenge/LBE 0.2%) and fed diets for 28 d. At d 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with ETEC (2.4 x 1010 CFU) and NC group received sterile solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly and pigs were euthanized on d 28 to measure intestinal health. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4. During post-challenge period, PC tended to decrease (P = 0.067) ADG (373 to 284 g/d), whereas BMD increased (P < 0.05) ADG (284 to 408 g/d); LBE tended to increase (P = 0.081) ADG (284 to 370 g/d). PC increased fecal score (P < 0.05, 3.4 to 3.9) on d 14, whereas BMD decreased it (P < 0.05, 3.9 to 3.5) on d 21. PC increased (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl (0.76 to 1.12 nmol/mg protein), crypt cell proliferation (28 to 36%), and Helicobacter rodentium (0.4 to 3.7%). However, BMD decreased (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation (36 to 32%) and Helicobacter spp. (15.0 to 1.4%); and increased (P < 0.05) villus height (309 to 377 µm), Bifidobacterium boum (0.04 to 2.0%), Pelomonas spp. (1.5 to 8.5%), and Microbacterium ginsengisoli (0.5 to 3.0%). LBE reduced (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation (36 to 27%) and Helicobacter rodentium (3.7 to 0.04%); and increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus salivarius (0.3 to 4.1%) and Propionibacterium acnes (0.4 to 7.4%). Collectively, ETEC reduced growth performance by adversely affecting microbiota and intestinal health. BMD and LBE improved growth performance by enhancing intestinal health and increasing beneficial microbiota in ETEC challenged pigs.

scholarly journals 367 Combinational use of sodium butyrate and phytogenics on intestinal health of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
S Bloomer ◽  
Y C Cheng ◽  
H M Yakout ◽  
S W Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Enterocyte Proliferation ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract The effects of encapsulated sodium butyrate (SB), phytogenics (PH), or a combination were studied on intestinal health of nursery pigs. Phytogenics were blends of dry herbs and essential oil components. Forty-eight weaned pigs (21-d-old; 6.9 ± 0.6 kg BW) were individually housed, blocked by initial BW and sex, allotted to 4 dietary treatments (n = 12) in a RCBD, and fed for 33-d (P1: 0–7; P2: 7–19; and P3: 19–33). Treatments were arranged by 2 factors: SB (P1: 0.2% and P2: 0.1%) and PH (P3: 0.033%). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements and pigs were fed ad libitum. For each phase, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured. Fecal scores were assessed during d 3–19 and d 26–33. Blood samples were drawn in P2 and P3 to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Four pigs at P2 and 8 pigs in P3 from each treatment were euthanized to collect jejunal tissue, jejunal mucosa, and ileal digesta to measure gut histology, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Fixed effects were treatments and random effects were blocks. In P2 and P1-2, SB decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI whereas no effect on ADG and G:F. In P2, SB tended to decrease (P = 0.063) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) whereas increased (P < 0.05) enterocyte proliferation in P3. In P3 and overall, PH increased (P < 0.05) G:F. No changes were found in TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, MDA, IgG, and protein carbonyl. Conclusively, SB and a combinational use of SB and PH showed minimal effects on growth performance and gut health when added to the diets of nursery pigs. However, PH supplementation increased feed efficiency of nursery pigs during 19–33 d post-weaning.

PSVI-14 Blend of Additives in Nursery Pig Diets as an Antibiotics Substitute Increases the Growth Performance and Intestinal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Ygor Henrique De Paula ◽  
Kenio De Gouvêa Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Antibiotics growth promoting (AGP) in animal feed has been restricted. With this, several additives have been tested in order to replace AGP and ensure intestinal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a blend of additives on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and cecal content microbiota of nursery pigs. A total of 576 weaned pigs (6.21 ± 1.16 kg) were assigned into 4 treatments (12 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC); basal diet with 120 ppm of halquinol (PC); NC + 0,05% blend of lactic acid (3,5%), benzoic acid (2,5%), flavonoids (3,5%) (B5); NC+ 0,1% of same blend (B10). The pigs were weighed 0 and 42 days into the experiment. On day 10, one animal per pen (10 replicates) was euthanized for microbiota analyses. The diarrhea incidence was calculated by the percentage of visual pens with diarrhea, by day, in the period. The growth performance was analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure and the means were compared with Tukey test (P < 0.050) (SAS, 2009). Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare microbial biodiversity (P < 0.050) by statistical program STAMP. The final weight (P = 0.010) and average daily gain (P = 0.001) of B10 and PC were higher than NC. Regarding diarrhea, it was observed that the B5 and B10 had lower incidence when compared to other groups in the total period. In the microbiome analyses, it was observed that the B5, B10, and PC groups had lower (P = 0.021) biodiversity when compared to the NC piglets. However, the B5 and B10 group had higher biodiversity when compared to the PC group. In conclusion, the supplementation with 0,1% blend of additives can be a substitute for AGP.

Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Yongjun Song ◽  
Jing Qi ◽  
Le Deng ◽  
Yaohui Bai ◽  
Huijuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Algal Growth Potential ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals PRS76 Selection of Health-Related Quality of Life Measures for Food Allergy

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S731
Author(s):  
N. Afroz ◽  
J. Marvel ◽  
C. Naujoks ◽  
D. Ossa ◽  
F. Patalano
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Quality Of Life Measures ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Selection Of

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis: 2021 update

2021 ◽  
pp. 1358863X2110429
Author(s):  
Samuel Z Goldhaber ◽  
Elizabeth A Magnuson ◽  
Khaja M Chinnakondepalli ◽  
David J Cohen ◽  
Suresh Vedantham
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Major Reduction ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) has been utilized as an adjunct to anticoagulant therapy in selected patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for approximately 30 years. CDT used to be limited to patients with DVT causing acute limb threat and those exhibiting failure of initial anticoagulation, but has expanded over time. Randomized trials evaluating the first-line use of CDT for proximal DVT have demonstrated that CDT does not produce a major reduction in the occurrence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and that it is poorly suited for elderly patients and those with limited thrombus extent or major risk factors for bleeding. However, CDT does offer selected patients with acute iliofemoral DVT improvement in reducing early DVT symptoms, in achieving reduction in PTS severity, and in producing an improvement in health-related quality of life (QOL). Clinical practice guidelines from medical and surgical societies are now largely aligned with the randomized trial results. This review offers the reader an update on the results of recently completed clinical trials, and additional guidance on appropriate selection of patients with DVT for catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

scholarly journals Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Mazutti ◽  
Leandro Batista Costa ◽  
Lígia Valéria Nascimento ◽  
Tobias Fernandes Filho ◽  
Breno Castello Branco Beirão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets’ immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4+CD8+ T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio.

scholarly journals Selecting Fiction Books for a Children's Health Collection by M. Tan & S. Campbell

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tan ◽  
Sandy Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
English Language ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Selection Of

Books have long been recognized  resources for health literacy and healing (Fosson & Husband, 1984). Individuals with health conditions or disabilities or who are dealing with illness, disability or death among friends or loved ones, can find solace and affirmation in fictional works that depict characters coping with similar health conditions. This study asked the question “If we were to select a new collection of children’s health-related fiction in mid-2014, which books would we select and what selection criteria would we apply?”  The results of this study are a set of criteria for the selection of  current English language literary works with health-related content for the pre-kindergarten to Grade 6 (age 12) audience http://hdl.handle.net/10402/era.38842, a collection of books that are readily available to Canadian libraries - selected against these criteria http://hdl.handle.net/10402/era.38843, a special issue of the Deakin Review of Children’s Literature -  dedicated to juvenile health fiction, and book exhibits in two libraries to accompany the Deakin Review issue.

scholarly journals Effects of heavy thinnings on the increment and selection of trees for tending in Norway spruce monoculture in natural hazard conditions

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Sinisa Andrasev ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Zivkovic ◽  
Nikola Susic
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Area And Volume

The paper studies the effects of two heavy selection thinnings on the increment of Norway spruce trees exposed to ice and snow breaks in eastern Serbia. In a thinning that was carried out at 32 years of age, 556 candidates per hectare were selected for tending, and at the age of 40, of the initial candidates, 311 trees per hectare (55.9%) were selected as future trees. In all trees at 41-50 age period, diameter increment was higher by 31%, basal area increment by 64% and volume increment by 67% compared to 32-40 age period. The collective of indifferent trees is significantly falling behind compared to future trees in terms of increment values in both observed periods. However, the value of diameter, basal area and volume increments, of the collective of "comparable" indifferent trees are lower in comparison to the values of increments of future trees by 10-15% in the 32-40 age period, and by 15-21% in the 41-50 age period and there are no significant differences. The results show that heavy selective thinnings, initially directed at a larger number of candidates for tending at stand age that does not differ much from the period of carrying out first "commercial" thinnings, improve the growth potential of future and indifferent trees, where it is rational to do the tree replacement for the final crop in "susceptible" growth stage to snow and ice breaks.

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