scholarly journals Combined Hormonal Contraception and the Adenoviral Vector Covid-19 Vaccines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hisham Arab ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vector ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Genetic Vaccine ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

There are at least 4 different types of covid-19 vaccines that are available worldwide. The most widely used ones are the mRNA genetic vaccine and the viral vector vaccine. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic and after the administration of millions of those vaccines globally over few months, several national health authorities across Europe decided to pause the administration of the chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine1 (ChAdOx1nCoV-19, AZD1222; Oxford/AstraZeneca) after sporadic reports of severe cases of thrombocytopenia, bleeding, or thrombosis in those who received this vaccine. This complication has been identified as Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) that affects mostly woman under the age of 55 years at a rate of 1:100,000 vaccine doses. Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC) are known to carry the risk of thrombosis in certain high-risk population. Accordingly, women taking those contraceptives raised their concern of getting such vaccine. This review will attempt to explain the different mechanisms of thrombosis which abolish any link between the VITT complication and the use of CHC. Reassuring statements from authoritative agencies are also included.

Combined hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism within the first year following pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (07) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bergholt ◽  
Anne Nielsen ◽  
Michael J. Paidas ◽  
Ellen Christine L. Løkkegaard ◽  
Jesper Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraception ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraceptives

SummaryEstimating the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with combined hormonal contraceptives following early terminated pregnancies or birth, a Danish nationwide retrospective cohort observing a one-year follow-up was defined using three unique registries. All Danish women with confirmed pregnancies aged 15–49 during the period of 1995–2009 were included. The main outcomes were relative and absolute risks of first time venous thromboembolism in users as well as non-users of combined hormonal contraceptives. In 985,569 person-years, 598 venous thromboembolisms were recorded. After early terminated pregnancies and births, respectively, 113 and 485 events occurred in 212,552 and 773,017 person-years. After early terminated pregnancies, the crude VTE incidence ratios were similar, and the numbers needed to harm were equal between groups that did or did not use combined hormonal contraceptives throughout the follow-up year. After childbirth, individuals that used combined hormonal contraceptives were more likely than non-users to experience VTE depicted by crude incidence ratios; however, the difference was only significant after 14 weeks. This implied that the numbers needed to harm were lower for those that used compared to those that did not use combined oral contraceptives in the initial 14 weeks postpartum. In conclusion, the use of combined hormonal contraceptives after early terminated pregnancies was not detrimental, but during the puerperal period, they should be used with caution.

Hatchery Vaccination Quality Control of Herpesvirus of Turkey-Infectious Bursal Disease HVT-IBD Viral Vector Vaccine Application by Specific qPCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Lemiere ◽  
Francisco Perozo ◽  
Blandine de Saint-Vis ◽  
Jennifer Diasparra ◽  
Arnaud Carlotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

scholarly journals Developmental Landscape of Potential Vaccine Candidates Based on Viral Vector for Prophylaxis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashri Bezbaruah ◽  
Pobitra Borah ◽  
Bibhuti Bhushan Kakoti ◽  
Nizar A. Al-Shar’I ◽  
Balakumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, arose at the end of 2019 as a zoonotic virus, which is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus outbreak COVID-19. Without any clear indications of abatement, the disease has become a major healthcare threat across the globe, owing to prolonged incubation period, high prevalence, and absence of existing drugs or vaccines. Development of COVID-19 vaccine is being considered as the most efficient strategy to curtail the ongoing pandemic. Following publication of genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, globally extensive research and development work has been in progress to develop a vaccine against the disease. The use of genetic engineering, recombinant technologies, and other computational tools has led to the expansion of several promising vaccine candidates. The range of technology platforms being evaluated, including virus-like particles, peptides, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), recombinant proteins, inactivated virus, live attenuated viruses, and viral vectors (replicating and non-replicating) approaches, are striking features of the vaccine development strategies. Viral vectors, the next-generation vaccine platforms, provide a convenient method for delivering vaccine antigens into the host cell to induce antigenic proteins which can be tailored to arouse an assortment of immune responses, as evident from the success of smallpox vaccine and Ervebo vaccine against Ebola virus. As per the World Health Organization, till January 22, 2021, 14 viral vector vaccine candidates are under clinical development including 10 nonreplicating and four replicating types. Moreover, another 39 candidates based on viral vector platform are under preclinical evaluation. This review will outline the current developmental landscape and discuss issues that remain critical to the success or failure of viral vector vaccine candidates against COVID-19.

Evaluation of the protective effect of a prime-boost strategy with plasmid DNA followed by recombinant adenovirus expressing BmAMA1 as vaccines against Babesia microti infection in hamster

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Guanbo Wang ◽  
Longzheng Yu ◽  
Artemis Efstratiou ◽  
Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni ◽  
Mingming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

AbstractIn the present study, we have investigated the protective effect of a heterologous prime-boost strategy with priming plasmid DNA followed by recombinant adenovirus, both expressing BmAMA1, againstBabesia microtiinfection. Four groups consisting of 3 hamsters per group were immunized with pBmAMA1/Ad5BmAMA1, pNull/Ad5BmAMA1, pBmAMA1/Ad5Null and pNull/Ad5Null, followed by challenge infection withB.microti. Our results showed that hamsters immunized with plasmid and adenovirus expressing BmAMA1 developed a robust IgG and IgG2a antibody response against BmAMA1, suggesting the DNA vaccine or viral vector vaccine tend to induce a Th1-biased response. Compared to the control hamsters, the hamsters vaccinated either with the prime-boost strategy or one of the two “vaccines” exhibited no significant protection againstB.microtichallenge. Although a slight difference in terms of parasitemia and hematocrit values at days 14–16 post challenge infection was observed, no other statistical difference was detected. Our results indicate that the prime-boost vaccination strategy of injection of plasmid and adenovirus expressing BmAMA1 is not efficient in protecting againstB.microtiinfection.

scholarly journals Safety of the novel influenza viral vector Brucella abortus vaccine in pregnant heifers

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaissar Tabynov ◽  
Sholpan Ryskeldinova ◽  
Zhailaubay Kydyrbayev ◽  
Abylai Sansyzbay
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

ABSTRACT: The present study provides the first information about the safety of a new influenza viral vector vaccine expressing the Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 or Omp16 containing the adjuvant Montanide Gel01 in pregnant heifers. Immunization of pregnant heifers was conducted via the conjunctival (n=10) or subcutaneous (n=10) route using cross prime and booster vaccination schedules at an interval of 28 days. The vector vaccine was evaluated in comparison with positive control groups vaccinated with B. abortus S19 (n=10) or B. abortus RB51 (n=10) and a negative (PBS+Montanide Gel01; n=10) control group. Clinical studies, thermometry, assessment of local reactogenicity and observation of abortion showed that the vector vaccine via the conjunctival or subcutaneous route was completely safe for pregnant heifers compared to the commercial vaccines B. abortus S19 or B. abortus RB51. The only single adverse event was the formation of infiltration at the site of subcutaneous injection; this reaction was not observed for the conjunctival route.

scholarly journals Cutting Edge: Mucosal Application of a Lyophilized Viral Vector Vaccine Confers Systemic and Protective Immunity toward Intracellular Pathogens

2009 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 2573-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kastenmuller ◽  
Georg Gasteiger ◽  
Leon Stross ◽  
Dirk H. Busch ◽  
Ingo Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

Bilateral Immune-Mediated Keratolysis After Immunization With SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Viral Vector Vaccine

Cornea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Alam Khan ◽  
Navneet Sidhu ◽  
Livia Khan ◽  
Seema Sen ◽  
Nishat Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vector ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

scholarly journals Transition period of estrogen-progestogen hormone therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (25) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Combined Hormonal Contraception

Combined hormonal contraception is an effective method of preventing pregnancy and at the same time has a number of therapeutic effects. The need for contraception persists until the final cessation of menstrual function, but at an older fertile age, the selection of a hormonal agent becomes a daunting task. Over the past years, a woman has accumulated factors that can complicate the use of hormonal drugs, and, on the other hand, new problems arise in the transitional period of life, which combined contraceptives can solve. An equally relevant topic is the question of stopping the use of combined hormonal contraceptives and initiating menopausal hormone therapy. All of the above aspects of the use of hormonal drugs require deep understanding for the adequate management of women entering the final phase of reproductive life.

scholarly journals Vaccinia Virus: From Crude Smallpox Vaccines to Elaborate Viral Vector Vaccine Design

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1780
Author(s):  
Onur Kaynarcalidan ◽  
Sara Moreno Mascaraque ◽  
Ingo Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Host Restriction ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

Various vaccinia virus (VACV) strains were applied during the smallpox vaccination campaign to eradicate the variola virus worldwide. After the eradication of smallpox, VACV gained popularity as a viral vector thanks to increasing innovations in genetic engineering and vaccine technology. Some VACV strains have been extensively used to develop vaccine candidates against various diseases. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a VACV vaccine strain that offers several advantages for the development of recombinant vaccine candidates. In addition to various host-restriction genes, MVA lacks several immunomodulatory genes of which some have proven to be quite efficient in skewing the immune response in an unfavorable way to control infection in the host. Studies to manipulate these genes aim to optimize the immunogenicity and safety of MVA-based viral vector vaccine candidates. Here we summarize the history and further work with VACV as a vaccine and present in detail the genetic manipulations within the MVA genome to improve its immunogenicity and safety as a viral vector vaccine.

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