scholarly journals Theoretical and applied aspects of the use of agricultural and forest meliorative plantations of Ukraine for energy purposes

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Roik ◽  
Ya. D. Fuchylo ◽  
O. M. Hanzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Protective forest plantations are an important part of forest-agricultural landscapes and one of the most effective long-term and relatively inexpensive measures to combat wind and water soil erosion. They have a positive effect on the microclimate of the surrounding areas and can significantly increase crop yields. Also, under certain conditions, they can become an important source of bioenergy feedstock. Goal. Development of theoretical bases and practical measures of the use of agroforestry reclamation plantations of Ukraine for energy purposes. Methods. In the course of the research it was envisaged to develop schemes of protective forest plantations on the basis of the analysis of the existing information, long-term production and scientific experience which, at full performance of ecological functions, can be used for obtaining bioenergy feedstock. Results. It is established that for the simultaneous use of protective forest plantations as a source of energy biomass it is necessary to include fast-growing woody plants (willow, poplar, acacia, maple, etc.) in rows or backstage, which are expected to be periodically cut for biomass. Such plants are then intensively restored by growth from stumps. The basis of such plantations for long-term and permanent performance of their protective functions should mainly consists of the rows of oak trees. Conclusions. Protective forest plantations, in addition to the positive impact on the microclimate of the environment and a significant increase in the productivity of agricultural land, can also play an important role as a source of bioenergy feedstock. Today, forest protection plantations are losing their functions for various reasons and need to be reconstructed. At the same time, along with the restoration of protective plantations, it will be possible to obtain about 54.6 million tons of wood for energy needs and form new protective plantations, which, along with improving the ecological environment, will create a reliable feedstock base for bioenergy. The schemes presented in the article can be applied at the stage of restoration and expansion of the field protection system to increase their energy role.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF CREATING AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AGRO-LANDSCAPES IN THE TERRITORY OF ALTAI KRAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
O.N. Baryshnikova ◽  
A.P. Olfert ◽  
A.G. Repko ◽  
Yu.I. Fatueva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Network Tree

On the example of the territory of the Altai Krai, the article traces the consequences of destruction of the natural landscapes structure, the creation of artificial elements of their ecological framework of agricultural landscapes, which currently needs restoration and optimization. The thesis is substantiated that the ecological frame of the Altai Krai territory should be as close as possible to the structure of its natural landscapes, which will ensure the productivity of farmland. The most important elements of the ecological framework of forest-steppe and especially steppe landscapes are forest belts, for the creation of which it is necessary to use elements of a water-erosion network, tree species that form a zonal type of vegetation. Creating a system of protective forest plantations in combination with ponds and terrace embankments can increase crop yields up to 25-50 centners per hectare. Landscape planning can serve as a tool for creating an ecological framework for a territory.

scholarly journals Total Degradation of Agricultural Landscapes and Development of Matrices of Land Management Problems in Stavropol Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Loshakov ◽  
L V Kipa ◽  
T A Malykhina ◽  
M G Kasminin
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Stavropol Region

The article is devoted to the problems of agricultural land management in Stavropol region in the context of agro-climatic zones characterized by degradation processes. The subject is a qualitative state of agricultural landscapes of Stavropol and their protection, identification of degradation processes. Materials are result of the research conducted in Stavropol region in 2000–2017 by monitoring agricultural landscapes, using satellite imagery and space photos. The original method of building matrices of main land management problems helps present a real situation in all agro-climatic zones of Stavropol. The results and their analysis make it possible to develop and implement zonal integrated anti-erosion measures which have a positive impact on agricultural production, quality of agricultural landscapes, and ecology of the region.

scholarly journals Prospects of using pine in agriculture on agricultural land in Polissia of Ukraine

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. D. Fuchylo ◽  
I. D. Ivaniuk ◽  
Ya. P. Makukh ◽  
V. Yu. Yukhnovskyi ◽  
S. O. Remeniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
The Impact

Goal. Study of peculiarities of growing pine stands and prospects of their use in agroforestry of Zhytomyr Polissia on the example of agricultural lands of Malyn Vocational College. Methods. Field, laboratory, analytical, statistical. Results. On sod-podzolic sandy soils of Zhytomyr Polissia pine seedlings after three years of cultivation were 55.7 ± 3.43 cm in height. The maximum increase in height was observed during the third year of cultivation of the plantation, when at the beginning of the growing season with herbicide Targon Plus the impact of cereal vegetation reduced to a minimum, resulting in improved seedling growth conditions. The high preservation of pine plants and their intensive growth allow us to make optimistic forecasts about the feasibility of growing them as a forest component of agricultural landscapes, especially given the presence of biotically stable 15-year-old pine plantations created by similar agricultural techniques. They were laid at an initial density of 7.1 thousand seedlings per 1 ha, and later thinned to 2982 and 1691 plants/ha, respectively. With almost the same productivity indicators, higher tree height (by 17.0%) and larger average diameter (by 23.8%) allow thinner plantations to have a more positive impact on adjacent agricultural lands, grow more intensively and have higher productivity in the future. This indicates the expediency of pine plantations in the region of research as a forestry component of agrolandscapes a density at the age of 15 years of about 1700 trees per 1 ha.

scholarly journals The growth of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand on former agricultural land and its comparison with the naturally regenerated beech stand under comparable conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 381-390
Author(s):  
Igor Štefančík
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Planting Stock Quality ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Crown Thinning

The issue of afforestation of non-forest land (e.g. agricultural land use) is currently a significant trend in land management. Sustainable development and maintenance of its ecological stability are among the reasons. The paper compares the 30-year development of the beech stand originated from artificial regeneration on former agricultural land in the area where the Ipeľ River rises in central Slovakia. Two methods of tending were used on three long-term research plots (LTPs) established at the age of 20 years: negative crown thinning, free crown thinning and the third LTP was left to its spontaneous development. The results confirmed the positive impact of tending on the development of these stands. Compared to naturally regenerated stands under comparable site conditions, their higher quantitative production was found. Regarding the qualitative production expressed by the number of trees of selective quality, the worst results were obtained on the control plot. Based on these results, it is recommended to pay more attention to the planting stock quality used for afforestation.

scholarly journals Warming temperatures lead to reduced summer carbon sequestration in the U.S. Corn Belt

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongjie Yu ◽  
Timothy J. Griffis ◽  
John M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Global Carbon

AbstractThe response of highly productive croplands at northern mid-latitudes to climate change is a primary source of uncertainty in the global carbon cycle, and a concern for future food production. We present a decadal time series (2007 to 2019) of hourly CO2 concentration measured at a very tall tower in the United States Corn Belt. Analyses of this record, with other long-term data in the region, reveal that warming has had a positive impact on net CO2 uptake during the early crop growth stage, but has reduced net CO2 uptake in both croplands and natural ecosystems during the peak growing season. Future increase in summer temperature is projected to reduce annual CO2 sequestration in the Corn Belt by 10–20%. These findings highlight the dynamic control of warming on cropland CO2 exchange and crop yields and challenge the paradigm that warming will continue to favor CO2 sequestration in northern mid-latitude ecosystems.

scholarly journals Decision support for agricultural water management

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Matlab Programming

Irrigation water use is the major pressure limiting the availability of fresh water resources in the Mediterranean. Efficient irrigation scheduling programs (IRSPs) are able to reduce water consumption; however, their selection and placement in large agricultural landscapes depend on location specific characteristics and economic indicators. Towards this end, a novel and efficient Decision Support Tool (DST) is developed in MATLAB-programming, able to assess the effectiveness of different IRSPs in reducing total agricultural water use at the catchment scale along with their impact on crop yields. The DST integrates a look-up table with data on irrigation water amounts and crop yields at different locations within a catchment, populated by a hydrological and crop growth estimator: the process-based SWAT model, into a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm, which serves as the optimization engine for the allocation of measures across the agricultural land. The optimization scheme leads rapidly to the optimal trade-off frontier between the conflicting objectives providing spatial allocations of IRSPs. The tool was implemented in the Ali Efenti catchment demonstrating optimal solutions that could save more than 10% of water by reducing cotton yields less than 5% from the baseline. The study highlights the potential of the tool to assist in the development of cost-effective water saving plans at the catchment level in order to reduce the risk of desertification in intensively cultivated areas.

scholarly journals The main results of a cameral inventory of protective forest plantations on agricultural land in the steppe regions of the republic of Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032113
Author(s):  
A Kluchkina ◽  
V Tabunshchik
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Abstract The article presents the results of a cameral inventory of protective forest plantations of a linear type for any purpose for the steppe agricultural territories of the Crimean Peninsula in 2009 and 2019. As a result of the work, more than 20 thousand objects were identified, a geodatabase was compiled with a set of attributive information for each of the identified objects, indicating the length and quality characteristics of each object. An overview of the data obtained is presented for each of the diagrams, as well as a comparative analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the identified objects for 2009 and 2019. It was revealed that from 2009 to 2019, 386 objects of the linear type corresponding to the parameters of protective forest plantations in agricultural areas, with a total length of 3.9 thousand were completely destroyed. That is, well-read forest stripes are present in the images for 2009, in the images of 2019 they are already missing.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Ecological Restoration of Degraded Lands through Protective Afforestation in the South of the Russian Plain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Evgenia A. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

The latest international climate documents emphasize the great importance of protective forest stands in ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture, and the main requirement is the use of the forest-forming factor by landowners in the interests of improving the environment. In Russia, until recently, the ecological significance of forest plantations was underestimated, which created the ground for discussions about their effectiveness. In this regard, a new approach is proposed that emphasizes the positive impact of forests, including sustainable development, environmental security of the agricultural sector and reducing the degradation of agricultural land. The purpose of the work was an economic assessment and regularities of the dynamics of humus-regulating and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK)-regulating efficiency of protective forest plantations on lands with deflation-hazardous soils. By means of a system analysis, the change in the soil cover of land use due to the influence of forest plantations on the balance of soil fertility elements in forested cells is comprehensively analyzed. The different spatial placement of trees from each other under different degrees of deflation in semiarid conditions is modeled. These models are used to determine the nature of the dynamics of soil nutrients in forested areas: in protection zones and outside protection. It is established that the anti-deflationary effect of agroforestry depends on the indicator of the protective forest cover of the land, the level of deflationary danger, and the operational life of the plantings. In semiarid conditions, it increases in proportion to the increase in the protection of land and amounts to EUR 376–EUR 4222 ha−1. With an increase in the intensity of deflation to the level of dust storms, the prevented damage from the loss of soil nutrients increases almost four times. In systems of plantings from early-maturing fast-growing rocks, the anti-deflationary effect is 6–7% higher on an average annual basis than in systems of plantings from long-lasting, slow-growing rocks. The greatest efficiency of forest reclamation in ensuring a positive balance of humus and NPK substances in the soil (EUR 1002–EUR 4222 ha−1) is achieved when placing plantings after 15 H. The study will confirm the need to subsidize the integration of trees into farm systems.

Justification of the need to increase the fertility of reclaimed alluvial soils of JSC «Moskovskoe»

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Andrey ilinsky ◽  
Alexander Nefedov ◽  
Konstantin Evsenkin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Adverse Weather

Global climatic changes, technogenic pollution by pollutants, violations of technologies of exploitation of reclaimed land lead to a decrease in fertility and soil degradation of agricultural land. Adverse weather conditions, resulting in a lack of adequate flood water, and economic difficulties in agriculture make it difficult to fill the deficit of organic matter and macronutrients in reclaimed alluvial soils. The monitoring of agrochemical properties of alluvial meadow medium-loamy soil of the stationary site (reclaimed lands of JSC «Moskovskoye» of Ryazan region), located in the floodplain of the Oka river, conducted by the Meshchersky branch of Vniigim, showed the presence and intensification of degradation changes in the soil. Thus, comparing the agrochemical indicators in the layer 0–20 cm, carried out in 1995, with the indicators of 2019, it should be noted a decrease in soil fertility. The decrease in soil quality was expressed in a decrease in the amount of mobile phosphorus by 37.6 %, mobile potassium by 53.3 %. Also, during this time there was a decrease in organic matter by 9.1 %, and an increase in soil acidity was 0.6 pH. As a result of such changes, soils lose ecological stability and become more vulnerable to adverse weather and negative anthropogenic impacts. In such a situation, advanced agricultural techniques should be actively used to obtain guaranteed, environmentally safe crop yields and restore the fertility of degraded reclaimed soils. In this regard, there is a need to develop innovative methods of fertility restoration of degraded alluvial soils in reclaimed lands using multi-component organic-mineral ameliorants. Meshchersky branch performs research work in addressing this issue.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

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