scholarly journals Socio-Demographics of Patients and Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in a Community Health Facility in Lagos

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
D. I. Ekwoaba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Antibiotics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

There is a global concern on the challenge of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the management of diseases. At the center of this concern is the need to prevent antibiotics resistance which could increase the morbidity and mortality of cases. This is worse off in the Sub-Saharan Africa where guidelines for management of cases are usually not complied with. The study examined socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender and how they influence antibiotic use within a community health facility’s outpatient. Descriptive cross-sectional design was used and 630 prescriptions were examined in the month of April, 2021. All admitted, observed and referred cases were not included in the study. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for descriptive and inferential statistics. The average antibiotics encounter was 37.6% and the differences of antibiotics encounter observed across different ages were statistically significant (X2=21.985, df=4, p< 0.001). There were differences in antibiotics encounter between being a child and being an adult and these differences were statistically significant (X2= 13.769, df=1, p<0.001). The odds of antibiotics encounter decreased by 28% per unit increase in age (OR = 0.715; 95%CI: 0.333 - 1.097). This predominance of antibiotic use among younger people could create resistance within this sub-population. This young population is the source of the nation’s future human resources and regular training and update courses for health workers in this field should be a priority to avoid increase in morbidity and mortality from antibiotics resistance and treatment failures. Key Words: Antibiotics; Community health; Prescription; Resistance; Socio-demographic

scholarly journals Deployment of community health workers across rural sub-Saharan Africa: financial considerations and operational assumptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-253B ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C McCord ◽  
Anne Liu ◽  
Prabhjot Singh
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals 1673. Gendered Patterns of HIV, TB, and Other Primary Care Referrals in Rural South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S612-S613
Author(s):  
Koeun Choi ◽  
Anthony Moll ◽  
Sheela Shenoi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Men’s lack of engagement in healthcare hinders HIV efforts in sub-Saharan Africa. Masculine norms and lack of accessibility in a female-dominated healthcare system deter male health-seeking behavior. Community interventions combat the gender gap. In South Africa (SA), alcohol-based venues (ABV) are common locales for men. We created an ABV community health screening to determine the need. Methods Community Health Workers targeted ABV in rural SA, offering screenings for HIV, TB, Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, STI, hypertension, diabetes, circumcision, with referral to primary care services (PCS) for any positive screenings. Participants completed questionnaires, including socioeconomic (SE), healthcare use, and alcohol use evaluated by AUDIT scores. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with referral to PCS. Results From July 2018 to March 2019, 1356 were screened, 74% were men, median age was 30 (IQR 22–46), 26% employed and 30% had running water. Men are more likely to have never gone to a PCS compared with women (15.9% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.004) and have lengthier time since the last clinic visit (1.4 years vs. 0.6 years, P < 0.001). Men are significantly more likely than women to report hazardous drinking (49% vs. 28%, P < 0.001) Overall, positive screenings were noted in 537 (53.9%) community members, and χ 2 analysis show men more likely to require referrals after screening (P = 0.08). Multivariate analysis shows among men, referrals were associated with older age, hazardous drinking, any health concerns; while higher SE was protective. For women, only age and health concerns were associated with referral. Similarly, alcohol contributed to HIV and TB referrals for men, while higher SE was protective of TB referrals for men (Table 1). Conclusion ABV males in this rural community, although disengaged from health care, required more referrals than women. HIV, TB, and any referrals for men screened at ABV in rural SA were associated with lower SE and hazardous drinking, highlighting the challenges that this population faces in seeking health care. Differentiated and targeted community-based services may facilitate care for these hard to reach men in sub-Saharan Africa. Next steps include determining clinical outcomes of referrals. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness at East Kalimantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Fatma Zulaikha ◽  
Rina Triasih ◽  
Purwanta Purwanta
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Quality

Pneumonia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among young children worldwide. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a procedural form in the care of childhood illness which aims to minimize morbidity and mortality rate in children, including pneumonia. This was a cross-sectional study at Samarinda and Kutai Kartanegara community health center from July to October 2015. The health workers’ knowledge was assessed through questionnaire. The quality of IMCI implementation was evaluated through direct observation in primary health care. A total of 46 health workers were involved in this study. Observation of IMCI implementation quality was conducted in 104 children. The majority of respondents (73.9) had sufficient knowledge; however, in terms of direct implementation on the field, most of the respondents (87%) were included in incompetent category. It can be concluded that level of knowledge was related to implementation of cough IMCI in community health center, but the correlation was weak.

scholarly journals The impact of community health workers (CHWs) on Buruli ulcer in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Zambou Vouking ◽  
Violette Claire Tamo ◽  
Lawrence Mbuagbaw
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Antibiotics resistance in Sub Saharan Africa; literature review from 2010 – 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
A. Balala ◽  
T.G. Huong ◽  
S.G. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sub Saharan

Antibiotics saves millions of lives in human and animal from bacterial infections, but resistance has been occurred and spreading borderless which pose health and economic problems. This study aimed to describe epidemiology (prevalence) of antibiotic resistant bacteria in human and animals and describing risk factors with strategic control efforts in Sub-Sahara Africa countries. Total 72 articles published from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed which reported on bacterium resistance to commonly-used antibiotics of different groups. Majority of isolated bacteria were highly resistant to b-lactams, Tetracycline and Sulphonamide, moderate resistant to Gentamycine and Aminoglycoside with low resistant to cephalosporin and quinolones for bacteria isolated from human while isolates from animal have high resistance to majority of antibiotic. High antibiotic resistant was associated by presence of weak/no regulation and irrational antibiotics use in Animal and Human health system, despite there is paucity of published data from central and southern African countries, lack of data sharing among laboratories and presence of few initiatives on control strategies of antimicrobial resistance while most of them are faced by resource limitations (skilled personnel, Equipments and Fund allocation). This study recommend that awareness on rational antibiotic use must be created, strong regulation to limit accessibility of antibiotics over the counter prescription, strengthening laboratory based diagnosis and surveillance, Infection control and prevention in hospitals with strong biosafety and biosecurity in animal farms are crucial. Adoption of “One Health Approach” is very important through multisectoral involvement, information sharing and networking.

scholarly journals Compliance With Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Testing by Community Health Workers in 3 Malaria-Endemic Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: An Observational Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. S276-S282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Singlovic ◽  
IkeOluwapo O. Ajayi ◽  
Jesca Nsungwa-Sabiiti ◽  
Mohamadou Siribié ◽  
Armande K. Sanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals 1 million community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa by 2015

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 382 (9889) ◽  
pp. 363-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhjot Singh ◽  
Jeffrey D Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals A microplanning strategy to improve door-to-door health service delivery: The case of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Sub-Saharan African villages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Lin Ouedraogo ◽  
Julie Zhang ◽  
Halidou Tinto ◽  
Innocent Valéa ◽  
Edward A. Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Malaria incidence has plateaued in Sub-Saharan Africa despite Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention’s (SMC) introduction. Community health workers (CHW) use a door-to-door delivery strategy to treat children with SMC drugs, but for SMC to be as effective as in clinical trials, coverage must be high over successive seasons. Methods We developed and used a microplanning model that `utilizes raster to estimate population size, generates optimal households visit itinerary, and quantifies SMC coverage based on CHWs’ time investment for treatment and walking. CHWs’ performance under current SMC deployment mode was assessed using CHWs’ tracking data and compared to microplanning in villages with varying demographics and geographies. Results Estimates showed that microplanning significantly reduces CHWs’ walking distance by 25%, increases the number of visited households by 36% (p < 0.001) and increases SMC coverage by 21% from 37.3% under current SMC deployment mode up to 58.3% under microplanning (p < 0.001). Optimal visit itinerary alone increased SMC coverage up to 100% in small villages whereas in larger or hard-to-reach villages, filling the gap additionally needed an optimization of the CHW ratio.Conclusion We estimate that for a pair of CHWs, the daily optimal number of visited children (assuming 8.5mn spent per child) and walking distance should not exceed 45 and 5km respectively. Our work contributes to extend SMC coverage by 21-63% and may have broader applicability for other community health programs.

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