Music and Medicine in Spain: History and New Developments of a Growing Discipline

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nuria Escudé ◽  
Fabrizio Acanfora

The strong link between music and medicine has been documented in Spain since the 17th century, showing that the therapeutic effects of music have been known for centuries. The development of music therapy as a scientific, independent discipline on the Iberian Peninsula begins in the 1960s due to the pioneering work of Serafina Poch. Since then, the interest in music and medicine both by specialists and public has constantly increased. Nowadays, music therapy is taught in public universities and private institutions, and a growing number of health care and educational centers is implementing music therapy projects each year, producing also an increase in the research on the subject. A sore point, which we hope can be resolved soon, is that music therapy in Spain has not yet been recognized with an official title and as an independent profession, leading to fragmentation of the field and leaving the door open to professional intrusion.  Keywords: music therapy, music medicine, Spain. 

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
A. G. Davis Philip

A short introduction to the subject of the meeting, IAU Symposium No. 167, New Developments in Array Technology and Applications is given. CCD and Array detectors have become the detectors of choice at optical observatories all over the world. Direct imaging, photometry and spectroscopy are all vastly improved as a result. Thirteen IAU Commissions joined in sponsoring this meeting which indicates the wide interest in this subject. In the five days of the symposium the following topics were discussed: New Developments in CCD Technology, New Developments in IR Detector Arrays, Direct Imaging with CCDs and Other Arrays, Spectroscopy with CCDs and Other Arrays and Large Field Imaging with Array Mosaics. A few papers concerning Astrometry with CCDs were given in the poster sessions. Scientific results were also presented in the poster sessions.


Author(s):  
Samuel López-López ◽  
Raúl del Pozo-Rubio ◽  
Marta Ortega-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Escribano-Sotos

Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households’ out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008–2015. Methods. The Household Budget Survey was used and catastrophic measures were estimated, classifying the households into those above the threshold of catastrophe versus below. Three ordered logistic regression models and margins effects were estimated. Results. The results reveal that, in 2008, 4.42% of Spanish households dedicated more than 40% of their income to financing out-of-pocket payments in health, with an average annual gap of EUR 259.84 (DE: EUR 2431.55), which in overall terms amounts to EUR 3939.44 million (0.36% of GDP). Conclusion. The findings of this study reveal the existence of catastrophic households resulting from OOP payments associated with health care in Spain and the need to design financial protection policies against the financial risk derived from facing these types of costs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Zanfi ◽  
Chiara Merlini ◽  
Viviana Giavarini ◽  
Fabio Manfredini

AbstractThe ‘family house’ has played a major role within the urbanisation processes that have been transforming the Italian landscape since the 1960s. It is a common feature of the widespread settlements that are part of what has been labelled the ‘diffuse city’ and was the subject of numerous studies during the 1990s. More than 20 years later, this paper returns to the topic of the Italian family house using a renewed methodological approach to describe relevant changes. The hypothesis here is that in order to grasp the tensions affecting ‘family houses’ in today’s context of demographic transition and increased imbalances between dynamic and declining areas, and to contemplate their future, the qualitative gaze adopted by scholars in the 1990s must be integrated with other investigative tools, focusing on demographic change, uses, and the property values of buildings. Using this perspective, the paper provides a series of ‘portraits’ rooted in four meaningful territorial contexts, portraits which may help scholars to redefine their imagery associated with family house and be useful for dedicated building policies.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942097476
Author(s):  
Marie Huber

Tourism is today considered as a crucial employment sector in many developing countries. In the growing field of historical tourism research, however, the relationships between tourism and development, and the role of international organizations, above all the UN, have been given little attention to date. My paper will illuminate how during the 1960s tourism first became the subject of UN policies and a praised solution for developing countries. Examples from expert consultancy missions in developing countries such as Ethiopia, India and Nepal will be contextualized within the more general debates and programme activities for heritage conservation and also the first UN development decade. Drawing on sources from the archives of UNESCO, as well as tourism promotion material, it will be possible to understand how tourism sectors in many so-called developing countries were shaped considerably by this international cooperation. Like in other areas of development aid, activities in tourism were grounded in scientific studies and based on statistical data and analysis by international experts. Examining this knowledge production is a telling exercise in understanding development histories colonial legacies under the umbrella of the UN during the 1960s and 1970s.


1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. George Clarke

Since the mid 1930's there has been an accelerating growth in understanding the nature and scope of alcohol abuse, and a modest increase in resources to combat it. Although, as early as 1869, a significant court decision held that alcoholism could be viewed as an illness, It was not until the second half of the 1960s that the next such findings, this time by Federal courts, set the course of continuing action to take alcoholism out of the criminal justice system and place it under the aegis of health care. The status of alcoholism legislation in thirty-eight states is examined, based on their resonse to a survey questionnaire and other data provided by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alternate treatment systems, developed and tested by the Ontario Addictions Foundation, provide background to the treatment systems which have emerged in most states which have decriminalized public intoxication.


2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-25

The BMJ has always been recognised as a leading medical journal for a wide range of subjects, and has always been useful for nurses to access for up to date and current medical opinion. Recently the BMJ has diversified to take on a more political nature, with its content reflecting a more proactive approach to influencing health care policy in the United Kingdom by the medical profession. As such the BMJ has become extremely useful for identifying opinions of current ‘hot topics’ for nurses that are headline news such as nurse consultants, hospital administration and central government policy. However, one problem remains, trying to find the original copy in the library will remain difficult. After spending the best part of an hour to suddenly realise that ‘how silly you are for not realising that BMJ March 1997 is filed in the British Journal of Nursing section 1998!!’ is often a frustrating and demoralising experience - particularly if after finding the article you find it has nothing to do with the subject that you are researching. This problem is to be banished forever with the BMJ website. The full BMJ is available free on line. The excellent search engine is particularly useful and is accurate when matching target articles. All articles are available for ‘full text’ downloads free of charge.


2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
Ian Randall

Summary The East African Revival was a major spiritual movement which started in the 1930s. Joe Church, a medical doctor who had been at Cambridge University, was a central figure and gathered a very large amount of material about the Revival. The connection of the Revival with Switzerland, which has not previously been studied, is the subject of this article, which draws from the Joe Church archive. The connection came about through Berthe Ryf (1900-1989), a missionary nurse in what was then Ruanda-Urundi who on returning to her native Switzerland in 1939 spoke in Swiss churches over a period of five years about the powerful experiences in East Africa. As a result, there were invitations for teams of Europeans and Africans to come to Switzerland. From 1947 onwards many meetings were held, addressed by those who had participated in the Revival. This article explores developments from the 1930s to the 1960s.ZusammenfassungDie ostafrikanische Erweckung war eine größere geistliche Bewegung, die in den Jahren nach 1930 begann. Der Arzt Joe Church, der von der Universität Cambridge kam, war eine führende Figur; er trug eine beträchtliche Menge an Material über die Erweckung zusammen. Die Verbindung dieser Erweckung mit der Schweiz war zuvor noch nicht untersucht worden und stellt das Thema dieses Artikels dar, der mit Material aus dem Joe Church Archiv arbeitet. Diese Beziehung kam zustande durch Berthe Ryf (1900-1989), eine Krankenschwester und Missionarin in dem damals sogenannten Ruanda-Urundi; sie sprach nach ihrer Rückkehr fünf Jahre lang über die kraftvollen Erfahrungen, die sie in Ostafrika gemacht hatte. Infolge dessen gingen Einladungen an Teams von Europäern und Afrikanern, in die Schweiz zu kommen. Von 1947 an gab es viele Veranstaltungen, von jenen gehalten, welche an der Erweckung teilgenommen hatten. Der vorliegende Artikel erforscht die Entwicklungen in den Jahren um 1930 bis um 1960 herum.RésuméLe Réveil en Afrique orientale (East African Revival) est un mouvement spirituel majeur qui débuta dans les années trente. Joe Church, un médecin formé à l’Université de Cambridge, en fut un personnage clé. On lui doit d’avoir collecté un très grand nombre de documents sur ce Réveil. Le sujet de cet article est le rapport entre le Réveil et la Suisse, un thème étudié ici pour la première fois sur la base des archives de Joe Church. Ce lien a été établi grâce à Berthe Ryf (1900-1989), une infirmière missionnaire dans ce pays appelé alors Ruanda-Urundi, qui, après son retour en Suisse, en 1939, fit pendant cinq ans le tour des Églises pour témoigner des expériences bouleversantes que vivait l’Afrique orientale. Le résultat fut que des équipes d’Européens et d’Africains furent invitées à venir en Suisse. À partir de 1947, de nombreuses réunions furent organisées dans lesquelles prenaient la parole ceux qui avaient participé au Réveil. Cet article explore les développements observés des années trente aux années soixante.


Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hunt

Performance enhancement in sport has a long and controversial history. Although several organizations enacted prohibitions on the subject of doping prior to the Second World War, public scrutiny on the issue remained relatively light until the second half of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s, officials passed a number of regulatory measures with the twin goals of protecting the health of athletes and ensuring the fairness of competitions. Due partially to the effects of Cold War political rivalries, the use of drugs by athletes nevertheless remained widespread in the world of sport. This policy situation changed dramatically with the end of the superpower conflict in 1991, however. The following decade was marked by increasingly vociferous calls for reform from outside the international governance structure for sport. In February of 1999, regulatory powers over the subject were centralized in a new organization called the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Fiona MacVane Phipps

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify a common theme linking the articles in this issue of IJHG. The review editor elucidates on this topic while presenting key findings from the articles which comprise the current issue. Design/methodology/approach The design is a general review describing the articles under review while expanding on the subject matter through reference to other authors. Social implications The Review provides readers with a brief overview of the current articles enabling them to select the ones which reflect their needs or interests. Originality/value IJHG is the only Emerald journal providing a Review section of this type.


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