scholarly journals In Silico Docking Analysis of Poly Herbal Formulation Aadathodai Kudineer used in Siddha medicine in inhibiting Main Protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-772
Author(s):  
Nikil Niva J ◽  
Sasirekha R ◽  
Anbu N ◽  
Shree Devi M S ◽  
Sathiyarajeswaran P
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Main Protease

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious pandemic disease caused by the newly discovered novel corona virus. World Health Organization has declared the global health emergency due to COVID19 outbreak. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for fighting against this infectious disease. Aadathodai Kudineer is a drug indicated for Iya Erumal, Kozhai Kattu, Kabasuram. Upon the mortality and severity of the disease COVID19, we tried to identify the possible inhibition of phytocomponents of Aadathodai Kudineer in inhibiting Main Protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking studies. Methodology: In Silico molecular docking analysis was performed for phytocomponents present in the Aadathodai Kudineer formulation for targets main protease and ACE2 Receptor Spike protein, PDB ID: 6LU7 and PDB ID: 2AJF using Autodock tool. ADME properties was also predicted for all the above compounds. Results: Among the 9 active Phytocompounds present in the Aadathodai Kudineer formulation, Lupeol showed high binding affinity with COVID19 main protease and ACE2 receptor which shows the promising contrivance of protease inhibition. The ADME suggested that the formulation is free from toxic. Conclusion: The phytocomponents showed possible affinity towards these targets and has the lead molecules that inhibits COVID19 main protease and ACE2 receptor. 

scholarly journals Metal-Bound Methisazone; Novel Drugs Targeting Prophylaxis and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2, a Molecular Docking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2977
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud M. Alkhatip ◽  
Michail Georgakis ◽  
Lucio R. Montero Valenzuela ◽  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Ehab Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Binding Pockets

SARS-CoV-2 currently lacks effective first-line drug treatment. We present promising data from in silico docking studies of new Methisazone compounds (modified with calcium, Ca; iron, Fe; magnesium, Mg; manganese, Mn; or zinc, Zn) designed to bind more strongly to key proteins involved in replication of SARS-CoV-2. In this in silico molecular docking study, we investigated the inhibiting role of Methisazone and the modified drugs against SARS-CoV-2 proteins: ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike protein, papain-like protease (PlPr), and main protease (MPro). We found that the highest binding interactions were found with the spike protein (6VYB), with the highest overall binding being observed with Mn-bound Methisazone at −8.3 kcal/mol, followed by Zn and Ca at −8.0 kcal/mol, and Fe and Mg at −7.9 kcal/mol. We also found that the metal-modified Methisazone had higher affinity for PlPr and MPro. In addition, we identified multiple binding pockets that could be singly or multiply occupied on all proteins tested. The best binding energy was with Mn–Methisazone versus spike protein, and the largest cumulative increases in binding energies were found with PlPr. We suggest that further studies are warranted to identify whether these compounds may be effective for treatment and/or prophylaxis.

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

scholarly journals Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents from the Plant Euphorbia hirta as Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2: an In-Silico Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1385-1396
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
Main Protease

Currently, the entire globe is under the deadliest pandemic of Covid-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At present, no specific treatment is available to combat COVID-19 infection. Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) have been reported for a variety of biological activities, including antiviral. The present investigation aimed to identify potential phytoconstituents of the plant E. hirta from the category flavonoids and coumarins against the SARS-CoV-2 using in silico approach. The molecular docking studies were performed using two different targets of SARS-CoV-2, namely Main protease (Mpro; PDB ID: 6M2N) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp; PDB ID: 7BW4). Based on the molecular docking study in comparison with standard drug, four compounds, namely Euphrobianin, Quercetin, 3-o-alpha-rhamnoside, Isoquercitrin, and rutin, were screened against the target Mpro. Three phytoconstituents, euphorbianin, myricetin, and rutin, were screened against the target RdRp. In the in silico toxicity studies of screened phytoconstituents, except myrectin all were predicted safe. Results of euphorbianin and rutin were found more interesting as both compounds had high binding affinity against both targets. Finally, we want to conclude that euphrobianin, quercetin 3-o-alpha-rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, and rutin could be further explored rapidly as they may have the potential to fight against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Molecular Docking Terhadap Senyawa Kurkumin dan Arturmeron pada Tumbuhan Kunyit (Curcuma Longa Linn.) yang Berpotensi Menghambat Virus Corona

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiara C. Pradani ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Aaltje E. Manampiring ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Fona D. Budiarso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract: At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the emergence of a new virus, namely the corona virus (SARS-CoV 2) which is called Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19. The origin of the emergence of this virus is known to have originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.1 Research shows a close relationship with the corona virus that causes Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) which broke out in Hong Kong in 2003, until WHO named it the novel corona virus ( nCoV19). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a tropical plant that has many benefits and is found in many parts of Indonesia. Turmeric is widely used by the community as a traditional medicine to treat several diseases, such as: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and others. This study aims to determine the content in several compounds in the turmeric plant that have the potential to inhibit COVID-19 by using the molecular docking method. Using the In Silico method, namely molecular docking with the compounds taken were curcumin and ar-turmerone and the main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). This study obtained the binding affinity of curcumin compounds, namely -7.2 and Ar-turmerone -5.8 compounds against Mpro COVID-19. Remdesivir, which was used as a positive control, had a binding affinity of -7.7. In conclusion, remdesivir got better results compared to curcumin and Ar-turmerone compounds.Keywords: Molecular Docking, Turmeric, COVID-19.  Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya virus baru yaitu corona virus (SARS-CoV 2) yang disebut dengan Corona Virus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19. Awal mula munculnya virus ini diketahui berasal dari Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019.1  Penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang dekat dengan virus corona penyebab Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) yang mewabah di Hongkong pada tahun 2003, hingga WHO menamakannya sebagai novel corona virus (nCoV19). Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman tropis yang banyak memiliki manfaat dan banyak ditemukan di wilayah Indonesia. Kunyit banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit seperti: antiinflamasi, antioksidan, hepatoprotektor, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan dalam beberapa senyawa pada tumbuhan kunyit yang berpotensi menghambat COVID-19 dengan metode molecular docking. Menggunakan metode In Silico yaitu molecular docking dengan senyawa yang diambil adalah kurkumin dan ar-Turmerone dan main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil binding affinity senyawa kurkumin yaitu -7.2 dan senyawa ar-turmeron -5.8 terhadap Mpro COVID-19. Remdesivir yang digunakan sebagai control positif mendapatkan hasil binding affinity yaitu -7.7. Sebagai simpulan, remdesivir mendapat hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan senyawa kurkumin dan ar-turmeron.Kata Kunci: Molecular Docking, Kunyit, COVID-19.

scholarly journals Screening of Common Herbal Medicines as Promising Direct Inhibitors of Sars-Cov-2 in Silico

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Zahraa Kamaz ◽  
Mohammad J. Al- Jassani ◽  
Umar Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Human Lung Cells ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Study Results

Background: Molecular docking has been used recently in pharma industry for drug designing, it’s a powerful tool to find ligand-substrate interactions at molecules level. Since urgent need to develop anti-viral drug that target new coronavirus main proteins, in silico docking has been used to achieve this purpose. Materials and Methods: Thirteen herbs are known for their antioxidants and antiviral properties have been selected to investigate their abilities in inhibiting SARS-COV2 spike protein and main protease Mpro. pdb files for RBD (Receptor Binding Domain) region of spike protein and for Mpro and mol2 files for all herbs understudy were uploaded for swiss dock online server, the docking results were analyzed using chimera software. Full fitness energy and hydrogens bonds interactions were considered for docking evaluation.  Pharma kinetic properties for compounds have good binding results were evaluated through AMES and ADMET tests. Results: All compounds showed negative full fitness energy that means they are able to complex with both SARS-COV2 spike protein and main protease, however some of the herbs form very powerful hydrogen bonding with the RBD site of the spike protein and the catalytic site of Mpro such as coumarylquinic acid, while stigmasterol has strong binding with the spike protein only. Both compounds appear to be safe drugs for human according to AMES test results. Conclusion: Coumarylquinic acid and stigmasterol have powerful binding in silico, further in vitro studies include using viral infected human lung cells and testing above compounds ability for inhibiting viral entry and replication should be proceed to confirm the study results.

Discovery of Some Antiviral Natural products to fight against Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) using Insilico approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Shah ◽  
Vaishali Patel ◽  
Bhumika Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Bioactivity Prediction ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Deadly Disease

Background: Novel Corona virus is a type of enveloped viruses with a single stranded RNA enclosing helical nucleocapsid. The envelope consists of spikes on the surface which are made up of proteins through which virus enters into human cells. Until now there is no specific drug or vaccine available to treat COVID-19 infection. In this scenario, reposting of drug or active molecules may provide rapid solution to fight against this deadly disease. Objective: We had selected 30 phytoconstituents from the different plants which are reported for antiviral activities against corona virus (CoVs) and performed insilico screening to find out phytoconstituents which have potency to inhibit specific target of novel corona virus. Methods: We had perform molecular docking studies on three different proteins of novel corona virus namely COVID-19 main protease (3CL pro), papain-like protease (PL pro) and spike protein (S) attached to ACE2 binding domain. The screening of the phytoconstituents on the basis of binding affinity compared to standard drugs. The validations of screened compounds were done using ADMET and bioactivity prediction. Results: We had screened five compounds biscoclaurine, norreticuline, amentoflavone, licoricidin and myricetin using insilico approach. All compounds found safe in insilico toxicity studies. Bioactivity prediction reviles that these all compounds may act through protease or enzyme inhibition. Results of compound biscoclaurine norreticuline were more interesting as this biscoclaurine had higher binding affinity for the target 3CLpro and PLpro targets and norreticuline had higher binding affinity for the target PLpro and Spike protein. Conclusion: Our study concludes that these compounds could be further explored rapidly as it may have potential to fight against COVID-19.

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