scholarly journals Digestive Activity of Pancha Harithakadi Churna

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarala S. ◽  
Chamundeeswari D. ◽  
Gopal V.
Keyword(s):  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Inorganic Analysis ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Pepsin Activity ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Crude Drugs

The traditional systems of medicine are really effective but the problem with them is they lack in quality assurance. Standardization is the need of the hour in ayurvedic system of medicine. PanchaHarithakadi Churna (PHC) is a traditional polyherbal formulation which consists of five household ingredients used for indigestion. It is mainly used for Constipation and Bloating. Churna’s will play a major role in gastro intestinal problems and they have greater bioavailability because of smaller particle size. It consists of fine powder (sieve 100 size) of ginger rhizomes, fennel fruits, myrobalan fruits, senna leaflets and pink rock salt in equal proportions (1:1:1:1:1) are mixed well. PHC was formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by microscopic characterization, inorganic analysis and digestive studies. Microscopical characters indicate the presence of genuine crude drugs used in the formulation. Inorganic analysis shows the presence of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and phosphate. The PHC showed pronounced amylolytic activity and trypsin activity whereas moderate lipolytic activity, proteolytic activity and pepsin activity, mild chymotrypsin activity in treating indigestion. In future we will carry out in vivo digestive studies.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PANCHA HARITHAKADI CHURNA FOR DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
S. Sarala ◽  
D. Chamundeeswari ◽  
V. Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Digestive Activity

Pancha Harithakadi Churna (PHC) is a traditional polyherbal formulation meant for digestion which consists of household ingredients having digestive property. PHC is mainly used for Constipation and Bloating. Churna’s will play an important role in gastro intestinal problems. Churna’s are having greater bioavailability because of smaller particle size. It consists of fine powder (sieve 100 size) of Ginger rhizomes, Fennel fruits, Myrobalan fruits, Senna leaflets and Pink Rock salt in equal proportions (1:1:1:1:1) are mixed well. PHC is formulated by standard procedures and evaluated by physical and analytical methods. Physicochemical standards and heavy metals are found to be within the limits. PHC is found to be free from microbes. The PHC showed pronounced amylolytic activity and moderate lipolytic and proteolytic activity when compared with standard showing its efficacy for treating indigestion. In future we will carry out other digestive enzymes in vitro studies and also to carry out in vivo digestive studies.

scholarly journals Onset of acid-neutralizing action of a calcium/magnesium carbonate-based antacid using an artificial stomach model: an in vitro evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Voropaiev ◽  
Deborah Nock
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pepsin Activity ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Background Calcium carbonate antacids are potent over-the-counter antacids, made more effective by adding magnesium carbonate (as in Rennie, Bayer). However, published studies on their onset of action are scarce. Therefore, we carried out an in vitro study comparing Rennie and placebo under simulated conditions of the human stomach (artificial stomach model) to reconfirm the onset of action of Rennie. Methods The validated Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem apparatus (SHIME, ProDigest, Belgium) was used, comprising five reactors simulating different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract. Both Rennie and placebo were dosed at two tablets per incubation over six independent, 2-h stomach incubations each. Primary objectives: to evaluate the time required to achieve pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5, as well as the maximum pH reached. Secondary objective: to evaluate pepsin activity over the entire 2-h gastric incubation. Results After addition of Rennie, the gastric medium reached a pH of 3.0 within 40 s. The maximum pH of 5.24 was maintained for almost 10 min. In contrast, the maximum pH with placebo was 1.28 during the entire gastric simulation. Furthermore, Rennie strongly reduced the activity of mucosa-damaging pepsin during the period of increased pH. With placebo, the lower pH resulted in consistently high loads of digested peptides, reflecting the high cumulative and instantaneous pepsin activity. Conclusions New data is a critical component in informed decision making. Our data confirm the high efficacy and fast onset of acid-neutralizing action of Rennie, which begins to work within seconds.

scholarly journals In-Vivo Degradation Behavior and Osseointegration of 3D Powder-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 946
Author(s):  
Katharina Kowalewicz ◽  
Elke Vorndran ◽  
Franziska Feichtner ◽  
Anja-Christina Waselau ◽  
Manuel Brueckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
In Vivo Degradation ◽  
Volume Decrease

Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) are promising bone substitutes and experience great interest in research. Therefore, in-vivo degradation behavior, osseointegration and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) powder-printed CMPC scaffolds were investigated in the present study. The materials Mg225 (Ca0.75Mg2.25(PO4)2) and Mg225d (Mg225 treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP)) were implanted as cylindrical scaffolds (h = 5 mm, Ø = 3.8 mm) in both lateral femoral condyles in rabbits and compared with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Treatment with DAHP results in the precipitation of struvite, thus reducing pore size and overall porosity and increasing pressure stability. Over 6 weeks, the scaffolds were evaluated clinically, radiologically, with Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) and histological examinations. All scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility. X-ray and in-vivo µCT examinations showed a volume decrease and increasing osseointegration over time. Structure loss and volume decrease were most evident in Mg225. Histologically, all scaffolds degraded centripetally and were completely traversed by new bone, in which the remaining scaffold material was embedded. While after 6 weeks, Mg225d and TCP were still visible as a network, only individual particles of Mg225 were present. Based on these results, Mg225 and Mg225d appear to be promising bone substitutes for various loading situations that should be investigated further.

Abstract 1178: Group X Secretory Phospholipase A 2 Negatively Regulates Adrenal Glucocorticoid Synthesis

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preetha Shridas ◽  
William Bailey ◽  
Rob C Oslund ◽  
Michael H Gelb ◽  
Nancy R Webb
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Phospholipase A ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Type Receptor

Introduction: Group X secretory phospholipase A 2 (GX sPLA 2 ) has been implicated in a number of important biological processes, some of which appear to be independent of its lipolytic activity. These effects of GX sPLA 2 may be in part due to its high affinity binding to the M-type sPLA 2 receptor. To elucidate the physiological functions of this enzyme in vivo , we recently developed C57BL/6 mice with targeted deletion of GX sPLA 2 (GX KO mice). Results : Unexpectedly, GX KO mice have ~50% higher plasma corticosterone level compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses showed that expression of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (StAR), a rate limiting protein in steroid production, is 2–5-fold higher in adrenals of GX KO mice compared to WT mice. GX KO mice responded normally to dexamethasone, indicating no impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. To provide additional evidence for a direct effect of Group X sPLA 2 on adrenal corticosteroid production, we performed studies in mouse adrenocortical tumor (Y-1) cells, which endogenously express GX sPLA 2 and the M-type receptor. Over-expression of GX sPLA 2 , or incubations with GX sPLA 2 , resulted in a significant reduction in progesterone production and StAR expression in Y-1 cells. Indoxam, an inhibitor of GX sPLA 2 activity and potent blocker of sPLA 2 binding to the M-type receptor, resulted in a significant increase in progesterone production and StAR expression in both control and GX sPLA 2 -overexpressing cells. Because several studies have implicated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in the regulation of steroidogenesis, we investigated whether GX sPLA 2 altered adrenal ERK1/2 activation. Over-expression of GX sPLA 2 in Y-1 cells resulted in significantly increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas deficiency of GX sPLA 2 was accompanied by a significant decrease in phosphorylated ERK1/2 in mouse adrenals. Conclusions: We provide the novel finding that GX sPLA 2 has a direct effect on adrenal cells to regulate glucocorticoid production. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that Group X sPLA 2 down-regulates the expression of StAR, possibly through M-type receptor-mediated activation of ERK1/2.

scholarly journals Nagapashana Pishti - A Potent Cardio Tonic

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Vidya AMR ◽  
Chaitra LV ◽  
Jeevesh KB
Keyword(s):  
Fine Powder ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Cardiac Muscles

Nagapashana (Serpentine), a hydrous silicate of Magnesium (Mg6 (Sio10) OH8), is an important mineral drug used in Ayurveda, often in the form of Pishti (fine powder of Nagapashana). It is a Hrudya Dravya (cardiotonic). It is particularly indicated in Hrud Dourbalyaa, a condition associated with weakness of cardiac muscles. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cardio tonic activity of Nagapashana Pishti on Wistar rats. In the in-vivo study, Doxorubicin (2mg/kg) for 7 days was used to induce cardiac damage and the cardio tonic effect of Nagapashana Pishti at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg.b.w, was compared with standard drug Digoxin. Biochemical assays like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Creatine kinase Monoenzyme B (CKMB) were done together with histopathology of heart tissue and ECG analysis. The in-vivo study revealed that Nagapashana Pishti (300mg/kg) was relatively more effective due to decreased QT and ST interval in ECG, significantly reduced levels of serum CKMB, SGOT, SGPT, TC and LDH and improvement in myocardial tissue.

scholarly journals Effect of B2O3 Content on the Sintering Basic Characteristics of Mixed Ore Powder of Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite and Hematite

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Ling ◽  
Yuelin Qin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Phase Index ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Bonding Phase ◽  
Vanadium Titanium ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Titanium Magnetite

The sintering basic characteristics of iron ore play a key role in the process of sintering. In this study, the effects of B2O3 on the assimilation characteristics, softening temperature, fluidity of liquid phase, compressive strength of bonding phase, and microstructure of the mixed fine powder of hematite and vanadium-titanium magnetite (H-VTM) are studied. Results show that B2O3 content from 0%–5% (wt%) could improve the assimilation characteristics of the H-VTM and increase the amount of the liquid phase. The liquidity of the bonding phase index (LBPI) of the H-VTM increases from 3.7 to 24.2. When B2O3 content exceeds 2%, the diameter of the pore in the H-VTM sintered samples enlarges. However, the compressive strength gradually decreases. Boron and calcium-magnesium-aluminium elements are abundant in the bonding phase, which can reduce the formation of calcium silicate and perovskite in H-VTM sintered samples.

Increased in vitro fatty acid supply and cellular transport capacities in cold-acclimated ducklings (Cairina moschata)

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. R683-R690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Bénistant ◽  
Claude Duchamp ◽  
Frédérique Cohen-Adad ◽  
Jean-Louis Rouanet ◽  
Hervé Barré
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cairina Moschata

In cold-acclimated (CA) birds, lipids play a crucial role in regulatory thermogenesis by acting both as substrates for and activators of thermogenic processes. The capacity to supply lipids to thermogenic tissues, which could limit cold thermogenesis, was assessed in CA ducklings (5 wk old, 4°C) and compared with thermoneutral controls (TN, 25°C). In CA ducklings, basal lipolytic activity of adipose tissue fragments was higher (202 ± 9 vs. 130 ± 14 nmol glycerol released ⋅ 100 mg tissue−1 ⋅ h−1, +55%) than in TN controls, while glucagon had a much higher stimulatory effect (+140 to +500% depending on dose). This was consistent with increased plasma levels of nonesterified fatty acids (FA, +57%) and glycerol (+31%) in vivo. In vitro endothelial lipase activity per organ was higher in CA than in TN ducklings in red gastrocnemius muscle (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.5 ± 0.3 μeq nonesterified FA released per hour, +80%) and liver (+55%). The intracellular FA-binding capacity of (12–18 kDa) proteins was higher in gastrocnemius muscle (+43%) and liver (+74%) from CA ducklings. In gastrocnemius, it was linked to a higher content (21 ± 2 vs. 15 ± 2 μg/mg protein, +37%) of an intracellular 15.4-kDa FA-binding protein. These in vitro results indicate that coordinated increases in FA supply from adipose tissue, cellular uptake of lipoprotein-derived FA, and intracellular FA transport capacity occur in CA ducklings endowed with higher thermogenic capacity and cold endurance.

Quantification of pepsin A activity in canine and rat gastric juice with the chromogenic substrate azocoll.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
P C Will ◽  
W E Allbee ◽  
C G Witt ◽  
R J Bertko ◽  
T S Gaginella
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Pepsin Secretion ◽  
Pepsin Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Pepstatin A ◽  
In Vivo Administration

Abstract The activity concentration of pepsin may be quantified by using azocoll as a chromogenic substrate. The measured enzyme activity is constant between pH 1.2 and 3.4 and is proportional (r = 0.61) to the activity measured with hemoglobin as substrate. The activity of purified porcine pepsin is inhibited by pepstatin A with an apparent Ki of 115 nmol/L. The azocoll method is useful for measuring changes in pepsin secretion in response to pharmacological agents. For example, pepsin activity of canine gastric juice is decreased by 80% after in vivo administration of 0.5 mg of the synthetic trimethyl prostanoid Ro 22-6923 per kilogram of body weight. The method is sufficiently sensitive to measure the pepsin activity in 0.2 microL of canine gastric juice with a CV of approximately 10%, is simpler than the hemoglobin-substrate methods, and the substrate is commercially available.

scholarly journals To study the in-vivo efficacy and safety of AYUSH polyherbal formulation among COVID-19 infected Syrian gold hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kanchibhotla ◽  
Saumya Subramanian ◽  
Hari Venkatesh K.R. ◽  
Ravi reddy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Lung Histology ◽  
Gold Hamsters

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people around the world and the resulting disease burden has challenged the already stressed healthcare systems globally. Amidst the increasing morbidity rate of SARS-CoV-2, the scientific community is vigorously researching possible remedies targeted against the virus. Natural herbs have a great potency to cure infectious diseases and are vastly unexplored. The present study aims to investigate Ayurvedic herbs in a unique polyherbal formulation, NOQ19, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an animal model. A total of 19 female Syrian hamsters were infected with the virus cell culture through intranasal route. 4 out of 19 animals were mock controls, 5 were infection controls, 4 were treated with remdesivir and acted as positive controls and remaining 6 were treated with NOQ19. The hamsters were observed to note body weight reduction and adverse events followed by sacrifice on day 4 after inoculation with the virus. The lung pathology and viral load was studied in each hamster. Results showed a significant reduction of 78.2% in the viral load for the NOQ19 arm, as compared to the infection control. Gross examination of the lung histology of the NOQ19 arm suggested an improvement in edema and congestion compared to the infection control. Also, no adverse events were noticed in NOQ19 hamster group. Therefore, the authors propose NOQ19 formulation as a potential option to be tested further for its efficacy and efficiency against COVID-19.

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