Migración irregular y políticas migratorias bajo el análisis de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: el caso Nadege Dorzema y otros

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Karlos A. CASTILLA JUÁREZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
American Case ◽  
Irregular Migrant ◽  
Gain Access

LABURPENA: Egoera irregularreko etorkinak zaurgarritasun handiko egoeretan egoten dira, eta benetako aukera gutxi dute justiziaz eraginkorki baliatzeko. Horren ondorioz, auzitegietan gutxitan kontuan hartu dira haien aurka egindako giza eskubideen urraketak. Horregatik, garrantzitsua da jakitea Giza Eskubideetarako Inter-amerikar Auzitegiak Nadege Dorzema eta beste batzuk kasuan emandako epaiaren norainokoa eta zer-nolakoa, auzitegi horren auzietako jurisprudentzia-historiaren 25 urteetan gai hori aztertu duen bigarren kasua izan baita. Horiek horrela, artikulu honetan labur aztertzen da migratzaileekin zerikusia duen inter-amerikar jurisprudentzia, eta Nadege kasuan emandako epaiaren edukia oinarri hartuta, migrazio irregularraren azterketa Amerikako giza eskubideen auzitegian gaur egun zer egoeratan dagoen zehazten da. RESUMEN: Las personas migrantes en situación irregular suelen encontrarse en condiciones de alta vulnerabilidad y con pocas opciones reales para acceder de manera efectiva a la justicia. Ello ha generado que sean pocos los casos en los cuales los tribunales han conocido de violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas en contra de éstas. De ahí, la importancia de conocer el alcance y sentido de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el caso Nadege Dorzema y otros, al ser apenas el segundo caso en 25 años de historia jurisprudencial contenciosa de ese tribunal en el que se ocupa de dicho tema. Así las cosas, en este artículo se hace un breve repaso a la jurisprudencia interamericana relacionada con personas migrantes, para determinar a partir del contenido de la sentencia del caso Nadege, el estado actual que guarda el análisis de la migración irregular en el tribunal de derechos humanos de América. ABSTRACT: Irregular migrant persons usually find themselves in highly vulnerable conditions and with few real options to effectively gain access to justice. That has caused almost no cases where courts get to know human rights violations committed against them. That is why it is so important to know the scope and significance of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights judgment in case Nadege Dorzeman and others due to the fact that is only the second case in 25 years of contentious case law history of that court where it deals with such an issue. That being said, this article reviews the Inter-American case law related to migrant persons in order to establish according to the ruling in Nadege the current state regarding the analysis of irregular migration in the American court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals The Role of Courts in Environmental Rights Protection in the Context of the State Policy of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Current State ◽  
Environmental Human Rights

The protection of the environmental rights of citizens is an important issue for the domestic and foreign state policy of Ukraine. Although environmental rights are formally recognised and enshrined in law, they fail to be implemented in practice. This indicates the imbalance and lack of effective political and legal mechanisms for an appropriate system of measures to create conditions for exercising environmental rights and interests, their protection, and restoration, as well as to assure environmental awareness and culture. In light of these general considerations, this research article aims to examine the current issues concerning access to justice for protecting environmental rights through the lens of the state policy of Ukraine and its real application to ensuring such protection. Accordingly, the underlying tasks of the article are: to analyse how meaningful and comprehensive the provisions of approved strategic documents are; to analyse the cases of the ECtHR against Ukraine in environmental matters; to study the national case-law concerning access to justice on environmental rights protection and whether they correspond with the state policy areas of ensuring environmental human rights; to analyse how efficient the mechanism of their protection in Ukraine is and whether conditions for equal access to court in environmental cases are created; to find and illuminate the current state policy gaps that might threaten the effective observance and enforcement of environmental human rights; to formulate theoretical and practical suggestions for their further improvement.

scholarly journals The Struggle Against Torture: Challenges, Assumptions and New Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333
Author(s):  
Tobias Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract This short essay offers a broad and necessarily incomplete review of the current state of the human rights struggle against torture and ill-treatment. It sketches four widespread assumptions in that struggle: 1) that torture is an issue of detention and interrogation; 2) that political or security detainees are archetypal victims of torture; 3) that legal reform is one of the best ways to fight torture; and 4) that human rights monitoring helps to stamp out violence. These four assumptions have all played an important role in the history of the human rights fight against torture, but also resulted in limitations in terms of the interventions that are used, the forms of violence that human rights practitioners respond to, and the types of survivors they seek to protect. Taken together, these four assumptions have created challenges for the human rights community in confronting the multiple forms of torture rooted in the deep and widespread inequality experienced by many poor and marginalized groups. The essay ends by pointing to some emerging themes in the fight against torture, such as a focus on inequality, extra-custodial violence, and the role of corruption.

Diplomatic Protection: Taking Human Rights Extraterritorially

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 299-352
Author(s):  
Noura Karazivan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Diplomatic Protection ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Legitimate Expectations ◽  
Jus Cogens ◽  
To Receive

SummaryThis article argues that states should have a limited obligation — and not only a privilege — to extend diplomatic protection to their nationals when they are facing violations of their most basic human rights abroad. The author addresses the current state of international law regarding diplomatic protection, with a focus on the International Law Commission's failed attempt to impose a duty on states to exercise protection in cases of jus cogens violations. A review of domestic case law, particularly in the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and South Africa, shows that while some courts recognize legitimate expectations to receive diplomatic protection, all are reluctant to exercise judicial review of a denial of diplomatic protection. The author nevertheless examines whether adherence to international human rights treaties could entail a positive obligation for states to exercise diplomatic protection in order to protect the human rights of their nationals that are ill-treated abroad.

Risk and the European Convention on Human Rights: Towards a New Approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Initial Attempt ◽  
Liberal Conception ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to provide an initial attempt at analysis of the place of risk within the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and, where appropriate, the Commission, focusing on the related issues of public concern and perception of risk and how the ECHR dispute bodies have addressed these. It will argue that, for quite some time, the Court has tended to adopt a particular, liberal conception of risk in which it stresses the right of applicants to be provided with information on risk to enable them to make effective choices. Historically, where public concerns in relation to particular risks are greater than those of scientific experts—nuclear radiation being the prime example in the case law—the Court has adopted a particularly restrictive approach, stressing the need for risk to be ‘imminent’ in order to engage the relevant Convention protections. However, more recently, there have been emerging but as yet still rather undeveloped signs of the Court adopting a more sensitive approach to risk. One possible explanation for this lies in the Court’s growing awareness of and reference to the Aarhus Convention. What we have yet to see—because there has not yet been a recent, post-Aarhus example involving such facts—is a case where no imminent risk is evident. Nevertheless, the chapter concludes that the Court’s old-style approach to public concern in such cases, in which it rode roughshod over rights to judicial review, is out of line with the third, access to justice limb of Aarhus.

scholarly journals Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y procesos políticos nacionales: democracia convencional y margen de apreciación

2019 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Alejandro Saiz Arnaiz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Optional Protocol ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

Además de un instrumento internacional para la protección de los derechos humanos, el Convenio de Roma de 1950 es también un tratado concebido, en los términos del Tribunal de Estrasburgo, para el mantenimiento y la promoción de los valores e ideales de una sociedad democrática. Esta finalidad se encuentra muy presente en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal, en particular, aunque no solo, en el ámbito de los artículos 8-11 del Convenio y 3 del Primer Protocolo Opcional. Por otro lado, una jurisprudencia bastante reciente utiliza como criterio de identificación del ámbito de aplicación del margen de apreciación la «calidad» del proceso político nacional que ha conducido a la regulación general de la que trae causa una concreta injerencia en el derecho fundamental que el convenio garantiza. En este artículo se analiza tanto el concepto de democracia que resulta de las demandas decididas por el Tribunal como las exigencias que del mismo resultan para definir la extensión del margen de apreciación nacional.The European Convention on Human Rights of 1950 is not only an international treaty of protection of human rights, but also, in Strasbourg Court's terms, an instrument for maintaining and promoting the values and aspirations of a democratic society. This aim permeates all the case law of the Court, particularly in the field of articles 8-11 of the Convention and article 3 of the First Optional Protocol. On the other hand, the “quality” of the national political process has been considered in recent case law as a criterion for the application of the margin of appreciation doctrine. This paper analizes the concept of democracy shaped by the Court and its consequences for defining the extension of the national margin of appreciation.

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: IV. CITIZENSHIP AND HUMAN RIGHTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Szyszczak
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Court Of First Instance

Citizenship and human rights continue to play an important role in the evolution of Community law. Both sets of principles have appeared in the case law of the European Courts and in the creation of a Constitutional document for Europe. Part II of the draft Constitution incorporates the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Union. Additionally, the first report from the independent network of experts in fundamental human rights details the various international human rights obligations which the Member States are subject to, analysing Member State policy in a number of areas in the light of the international obligations.1Paradoxically, at a time when greater emphasis is being paid to the constitutional recognition of human rights there are indications of divisions between some of the Advocates General, the Court of First Instance and the European Court of Justice (the Court) on the constitutional role of fundamental rights in relation to access to justice.

scholarly journals La inútil prolongación de la agonía del artículo 294 de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial (Comentario a las SSTC 8/2017, de 19 de enero, y 10/2017, de 30 de enero)

2017 ◽  
pp. 269-291
Author(s):  
Silvia DEL SAZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Right

LABURPENA: Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiaren jurisprudentziaren ondorioz, Konstituzio Auzitegiak aurreko doktrina zuzendu behar izan du. Horretarako, errugabetasun-presuntziorako eskubidearen irismena zabaldu behar izan du, eta, administrazio-ebazpen zehatzaileetatik eta zigor-epaietatik harago, kalte-ordaina ukatzen duten erabakietara zabaldu du hori, Botere Judizialaren Lege Organikoaren 294. artikuluak eskatzen duen bezalaxe, errugabetasun-presuntzioaren printzipioa ezarri ostean akusatua absolbitu egin den baina delituzko egintzak egon ez zirela frogatu ez den kasuetarako. RESUMEN: Fruto de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, el Tribunal Constitucional se ha visto obligado a rectificar su doctrina anterior extendiendo el alcance del derecho a la presunción de inocencia, más allá de las resoluciones administrativas sancionadoras y sentencias penales, a los pronunciamientos que, tal y como exige el art. 294 LOPJ, deniegan la indemnización en atención a que el acusado fue absuelto en aplicación del principio de presunción de inocencia sin que haya quedado probado que los hechos delictivos no existieron. ABSTRACT: As a result of the case law by the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court was compelled to rectify its former doctrine by broadening the scope of the right to the presumption of innocence beyond punitive administrative resolutions and criminal judgments to rulings that as art. 294 of Judiciary Act requires, deny the award of damages on the ground that the accused was acquitted due to the application of the principle of innocence without having been proved that the criminal offences did not exist.

scholarly journals Exploring the use of the concept human dignity in disability human rights law: from UNCRPD to EctHR

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Elif Celik
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
European Court ◽  
History Of

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) accommodates the concept of human dignity more fully than does any other human rights treaty. The role and interpretation of dignity is thus particularly interesting from the perspective of disability human rights and case law. This study examines the role and significance of the concept of dignity in relation to the human rights disability discourse and jurisdiction through the guidance and impact of the CRPD. It examines the currently available jurisprudence of the CRPD Committee and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in light of the CRPD, seeking to identify the rights that are particularly related to the concept of dignity through the perspective of disability and to identify the requirements of the respect for dignity for persons with disabilities. While accepting the limitations of the sources in this examination due to the recent history of the CRPD, the study nevertheless locates some points where human dignity has particular relevance to the realisation of the rights protected in the CRPD.

scholarly journals Las cláusulas de restricción en el Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos

2021 ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Lara Redondo Saceda
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
European Court ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Impact

El presente trabajo pretende analizar el sistema de restricciones al ejercicio de los derechos previsto en los artículos 8 a 11 del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Así, el objetivo principal es reflexionar sobre la incidencia de estas cláusulas de restricción, su desarrollo jurisprudencial por parte del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y su significado en la construcción del sistema de derechos humanos del Consejo de Europa.This paper is intended to analyse the system of restrictions on the exercise of rights provided by articles 8 to 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Thus, the principal aim is reflecting on the impact of these restriction clauses, their case-law development by the European Court of Human Rights and their meaning on the construction of the Council of Europe Human Rights System.

scholarly journals Derechos humanos y empresas transnacionales: las debilidades del tercer pilar derivadas de las normas de promoción de inversiones. El caso Chevron como paradigma de la necesidad del Binding Treaty | Human rights and transnational corporations: the weaknesses of the third pillar caused by investment promotion agreements. The Chevron case as a paradigm of the need for a Binding Treaty

2019 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Adoración Guamán
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
International Level ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Transnational Companies ◽  
The Republic

RESUMEN. El texto se centra en la necesidad de desarrollar normas internacionales vinculantes que aseguren el respeto por parte de las empresas transnacionales respecto de los derechos humanos, que pongan fin a la impunidad de estos actores económicos, así como para garantizar el acceso a la justicia para las víctimas y la reparación de las violaciones. Al analizar el caso de Chevron, el texto refleja que, si bien existen diferentes iniciativas a nivel internacional destinadas a alentar a las empresas transnacionales a comportarse de manera respetuosa con los derechos humanos, estas iniciativas siguen siendo insuficientes, ya sea por su falta de obligatoriedad o por su carácter parcial, dado que siguen dependiendo de la voluntad de estos actores económicos transnacionales. El caso Chevron y los laudos recaídos a lo largo del proceso arbitral de la empresa contra la República del Ecuador, muestran una paradoja alarmante: ciertos derechos, como el acceso a la justicia, diseñados para proteger los derechos humanos en su conjunto se están utilizando para salvaguardar los beneficios de determinadas empresas trasnacionales. Este caso, junto con muchos otros crímenes corporativos, apoya la idea de que el proceso de la Resolución 26/9, el llamado Binding Treaty, es actualmente el único que puede garantizar el acceso a la justicia y los recursos para las víctimas.   ABSTRACT. The text is focus on the need to develop internationally binding standards on transnational corporations and human rights in order to bring their impunity to an end, as well as ensuring access to justice for the victims and the reparation of the consequences. By analysing the Chevron case, the text reflects that although there are different initiatives at international level aimed at encouraging transnational companies to behave respectfully, these initiatives continue to be insufficient, either because of their lack of obligation or because of their partial nature, dependent on the voluntariness of these transnational economic actors. The Chevron case and the arbitration awards adopted during the arbitration proceedings against the Republic of Ecuador show an alarming paradox: certain rights, such as access to justice, designed to protect human rights as a whole, are being used to full effect to safeguard the profits of economic entities. This case, together with many other crimes, supports the idea that the process of Resolution 26/9, the so called Binding Treaty, is currently the only one potentially capable of ensuring the access to justice and remedies to victims.

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