Achieving Soft Power Goals Through Education Diplomacy by Southeast Asian Nations

Globalization has brought huge changes in every section of life, including education. The international relations have been impacted on by globalization as well. The students, scholars and researchers, these days, are regarded as actors in diplomacy. Education diplomacy is considered as an important tool in the conduct of international relations worldwide. The public diplomacy through provision of education opportunities, known as soft power tool, has emerged as a new trend by which countries extend their national interests and attempt to shape the preferences of others and affecting their behaviour in one’s favour. International Education has proved to be a major contributor to soft power goals and has emerged as an important part of public diplomacy that has created many advantages. The countries anticipate, by means of education diplomacy, the promotion of nation’s policy priorities and interests and subsequently, to contribute to country’s economic development and investment. The present study aims to explore the soft power goals of the Southeast Asian Countries. It further explores the goals that are achieved by the countries through implementation of public diplomacy in education.

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The Contribution of NGO in Public Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs in Resolving the Transboundary Haze Pollution Issue between Singapore-Indonesia (2012-2016)

AEGIS : Journal of International Relations ◽

10.33021/aegis.v3i2.725 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Angela ◽

Muhammad A.S. Hikam

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Public Diplomacy ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

International Affairs ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Haze Pollution ◽

Southeast Asian Countries

In 2013, Southeast Asian countries have to face a disastrous haze pollution coming from Indonesia. Transboundary Haze Pollution (THP) is a deadly occurrences that repeats annually. As a result, Indonesia’s neighboring countries must encounter disadvantageous consequences. One of the countries gradually affected is Singapore, since they have been through haze pollution since the late 1980’s. Various attempts have been made by Singapore to mitigate the disaster. Since bilateral and regional efforts do not give any solution, Singapore then implies public diplomacy efforts. The practices of these public diplomacy could be seen from the involvement of one of the nation’s influential NGOs, the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA). As a result, they are able to pressure Indonesia in applying a more comprehensive map for haze tracker. Therefore, this study expects to invite readers’ interest in the issue of NGO, precisely in International Relations and Public Diplomacy. This study will specifically discuss the practice of SIIA as public diplomacy efforts to resolve the THP issue from 2012 until 2016.

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Realism in the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline Project

Indonesian Journal of Energy ◽

10.33116/ije.v2i2.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Rahmadha Akbar Syah ◽

Zaki Khudzaifi Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

International Relations ◽

Energy Security ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Gas Pipeline ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Pipeline Project ◽

Southeast Asian Countries

To improve connectivity and energy security, especially natural gas, Southeast Asian countries, under the cooperation of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), are trying to build a gas pipeline that stretches from Indonesia to Myanmar. The project is called the Trans ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP) under the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) scheme. However, regional countries are still dealing with their domestic problems, and there are fears that TAGP is detrimental to producer countries, resulting in the delay of this project as much by as four years – from 2020 to 2024. The uncertainty of the TAGP project further emphasizes that there is a tendency for countries not to adhere to the ASEAN forum’s agreements. Especially if it has to be juxtaposed with the Russian Gas Pipeline project which was built to distribute natural gas to Western European countries, TAGP is still far behind. In designing this paper, the authors use qualitative methods through literature studies by referring to the realism approach of International Relations to dissect TAGP problems. Furthermore, the author also feels the need to accommodate the neorealism approach to be used as a supportive approach in looking at the issues of disobedience in regional countries in supporting the TAGP scheme. Also, the authors conducted a brief comparison between TAGP and the Russian Gas Pipeline to be used as a case study analysis material that would later provide answers of why TAGP failed to go as planned.Keywords: realism, neorealism, TAGP, Russian Gas Pipeline

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Regional Challenges and Competition in the Application of Public Diplomacy in East Asian Countries Year 2008

Journal of Sosial Science ◽

10.46799/jsss.v2i1.81 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Callula Salsabillah

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Soft Power ◽

Public Diplomacy ◽

Asian Countries ◽

National Interests ◽

New Approach ◽

The World ◽

Policy Objectives ◽

Interesting Discussion

In today's world of international politics, the value for world countries in follow-up with other countries using a ceasefire or military use in a state of persistence has long been abandoned. A new approach in the form of Diplomacy that belongs to the concept of soft power is a more effective and efficient approach if used by various countries, especially to achieve national interests and foreign policy objectives. Various types of Diplomacy are often used but the approach of Public Diplomacy is the priority of various countries, especially in East Asia to exert influence globally and gain the interests of their countries. But in its application, especially in regions that use Public Diplomacy massively, this method can encounter failures or challenges in order to achieve its main objectives. Competition in the use of Public Diplomacy between countries in East Asia becomes an interesting discussion because in the 21st century, 3 pillar countries of East Asia are promoting diplomacy to the world.

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The Responsibility to Provide: Implications for the Region and Beyond

The Responsibility to Provide in Southeast Asia ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781529200720.003.0009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 179-188

Author(s):

See Seng Tan

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Southeast Asians ◽

Giant Leap ◽

Over Time ◽

Southeast Asian Countries

This chapter draws the study to a close with a summary of the book’s key claims and arguments.Judging by the region’s mixed record, a ‘cup half full’ approach allows at best the conclusion that Southeast Asian states and ASEAN are working toward realising their aspirations and turning words into deeds. So much more remains to be done. Essentially, rather than the mere absence of conflict and war, this book has sought, through the R2Provide, to offer a positive conception of Southeast Asia’s international relations, one that ultimately aims to improve the conditions and lives of the recipient countries and societies with whom responsible providers engage – even as, it should be said, the provider countries and societies are themselves enriched for having refreshed others. What this book has presented as the growing ethic of responsible provision undertaken by Southeast Asian countries – selectively and unevenly, needless to say, but incrementally – could be the proverbial small steps leading over time to a giant leap toward a more hospitable and responsible region. Paraphrasing Levinas, faced with their others, perhaps Southeast Asians will come to demand more of themselves.

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Determinants of strategic communication significant for national defense and security

Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke ◽

10.2298/zmsdn1970179m ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 179-194

Author(s):

Miroslav Mitrovic

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Soft Power ◽

Public Diplomacy ◽

Strategic Communication ◽

The State ◽

The Political ◽

National Interests ◽

The Public ◽

Security Issues ◽

Aggressive Action

Strategic communication is one of the expressions of state power and represents an instrument in the political and security achievement of national interests. In the context of contemporary conflicts, it is an expression of a hybrid action in the fields of information, media, internet, and the entire spectrum of public diplomatic performances. It can have an offensive or defensive character. The main goal is to influence the public opinion and further move the focus in relation to the public towards cultural values and eventual adjustment of the political system through the ?reprogramming? of the political culture in accordance with the given objectives. Strategic communication is a planned and comprehensive activity of the organizational entity, which aims at achieving a successful and efficient interaction with the environment. Some of the elementary forms of strategic communication that support the highest national goals, even in the case of defense and security issues, are propaganda, public diplomacy, and interest communications (advocacy, lobbying, etc.). In this paper, using the analysis of the content and synthesis, a projection of strategic communication in the scope of propaganda, public diplomacy, and lobbying as determinants of strategic communication is presented. A framework for strategic propaganda planning, a strategic approach to public diplomacy, and a lobbying strategy have been developed, with a basic proposal for the modelling of every listed component of strategic communication. The paper contributes to the thesis that strategic communication aims at supporting the organization?s mission. In the field of defense and security, strategic communication has one of the vital roles in supporting the achievement of the mission of strengthening the overall identity, the international position of internal cohesion and the unity of the nation, as well as the general readiness to respond to the contemporary security challenges. Strategic communication represents a wide area of communication disciplines that combine different co-information areas, disciplines, and skills in a hybrid and inventive way. Strategically guided propaganda, public diplomacy, and lobbying are certainly areas of importance for the comprehensive construction of the ?soft? power, but also in support of the construction of the ?hard? power. The conclusion is that the planning and implementation of the strategic communication, through strategic determinants, such are propaganda, public diplomacy, and lobbying, must be meticulously studied and planned, according to scientific and practice-tested postulates. In this way, it is possible that strategic communication really strongly and significantly supports the achievement of the organization?s mission, which in the case of the state relates to its international position, resistance to contemporary, hybrid challenges of risk and threats, and readiness for the defensive, and, if necessary, offensive activity. This approach seeks to raise general defense capacities, thus turning the state into an unwanted opponent, and achieving the effect of preventing and deterring possible aggressive action.

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INSTRUMENTY PROMOCJI POLSZCZYZNY W ŚWIECIE: „SPOTKANIA POLONISTYK TRZECH KRAJÓW – CHINY, KOREA, JAPONIA”

Poradnik Językowy ◽

10.33896/porj.2021.5.6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-91

Author(s):

Piotr Kajak

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Foreign Language ◽

International Relations ◽

Public Diplomacy ◽

East Asian ◽

Asian Countries ◽

The Public ◽

Sociopolitical Context ◽

Polish Language ◽

Polish Government

One of the most important initiatives serving the purpose of popularising the Polish language worldwide is the Meetings of Polish Studies in Three Countries: China, Korea, Japan (SPTK). The actions taken by specialists in Polish studies coming from East Asian countries position the teaching of Polish as a foreign language in a new sociopolitical context. Polish studies function at prestigious higher education institutions of the region, the signifi cance of which increases as a result of the changes occurring in the contemporary international relations. Polish glottodidactics becomes one of the “tools” in the public diplomacy efforts made by the Polish government at various levels using various means. The cooperation and integration of Asian specialists in Polish studies raises the global prestige of the Polish language and develops polonophony

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