Genome Editing for the Development of Rice Resistance against Stresses: A Review

Food security is the most crucial issue faced by humans considering the rising population. Rice, a staple food consumed by nearly 50% of the world’s population, faces challenges to meet the consumers’ demand to ensure self-sufficiency amidst various abiotic and biotic stresses. Drought, salinity, heat, and infection by bacteria and viruses are the main challenges in rice cultivation. Genome editing technology provides abundant opportunities to implement selective genome modifications. Moreover, it finds the functional implications of different genome components in rice and provides a new approach for creating rice varieties tolerant of stresses. This review focuses on rice production worldwide and challenges faced in rice cultivation, and current genome editing tools available that can be utilised for crop breeding and improvement. In addition, the application of genome editing to develop biotic and abiotic resistance rice varieties is critically discussed.

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THE COMPARISON OF RICE (OryzasativaL.) CULTIVATION IN POLYBAG TO CULTIVATION IN LOWLAND

International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management ◽

10.18510/ijsrtm.2019.713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Rina Royani Royani ◽

Erna Risfaula Kusumawati ◽

Fenny Widiyanti ◽

Hesti Ariestina

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Panicle Number ◽

The Media ◽

Food Consumed

Purpose of the study: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food consumed by Indonesian people even in Asia. The various innovations in rice cultivation still being developed in order to increase the yield both in quantity and quality. In general, rice cultivation is planted in the lowland. The research aims to know the comparison the rice cultivation in a polybag to rice cultivation in the lowland. Methodology: The size of polybag that used in the experiment is 40x40 cm with space 50 cm of each other. The experiment is conducted in Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. The variables studied are rice yield and rice varieties. The varieties used are Ciherang and Sertani 12. Main Findings: The result showed that the yield of rice production includes the number of filled grains, total grain, panicle number in polybag more than in lowland. Rice cultivation produces 2 kg/m2 in a polybag and 1 kg/m2 in the lowland. The panicle number of rice in polybag is more than in lowland, i.e: 12 in a polybag and 6 in the lowland. For the rice variety, Ciherang and Sertani 12 have the same yield in a polybag. It is 2 kg/m2. Applications of this study: The rice cultivation in polybag has easy cultivation system and suitable for urban areas where agricultural land is limited. Besides, it can be the solution for decreasing agriculture land from time to time. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of this research is the use of polybag as the media of rice cultivation which is not commonly done in farming.

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Recent Advances in Rice Varietal Development for Durable Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses through Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131910806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 10806

Author(s):

Md Azadul Haque ◽

Mohd Y. Rafii ◽

Martini Mohammad Yusoff ◽

Nusaibah Syd Ali ◽

Oladosu Yusuff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biotic Stress ◽

Marker Assisted Selection ◽

Target Genes ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Gene Pyramiding ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stress ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses

Abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect rice growth, development and grain yield. Traditional rice breeding techniques are insufficient in modern agriculture to meet the growing population’s food needs on a long-term basis. The development of DNA markers closely linked to target genes or QTLs on rice chromosomes, and advanced molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), have encouraged the evolution of contemporary techniques in rice genetics and breeding, such as gene pyramiding. Gene pyramiding refers to the act of combining two or more genes from multiple parents into a single genotype, which allows the overexpression of more than one gene for broad-spectrum abiotic and biotic stress resistance. Marker-assisted pedigree, backcrossing and pseudo-backcrossing methods can increase the conventional breeding speed by reducing the number of breeding generations in order to enhance the pyramiding process. Pyramiding is affected by several factors: the number of transferred genes; the range within gene and flanking markers; the number of chosen populations in every breeding generation; the features of genes and germplasms; and the potentiality of breeders to identify the target genes. Modern breeding methods, such as the marker-assisted backcrossing approach, have made gene pyramiding more precise and reliable for the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties in the coming decades. This review presents up-to-date knowledge on gene pyramiding schemes, marker-assisted gene pyramiding techniques, the efficiency of marker-assisted gene pyramiding and the advantages and limitations of gene pyramiding methods. This review also reports on the potential application of marker-assisted selection breeding to develop stress-tolerant rice varieties that stabilize abiotic and biotic stresses. This review will help rice breeders to improve yields by increasing rice productivity under abiotic and biotic stress conditions.

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Advances in False Smut of Rice and its Integrated Diseases Management: A Review

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-2131 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Munish Leharwan ◽

T.V. Arun Kumar

Keyword(s):

Rice Cultivation ◽

Integrated Disease Management ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

False Smut ◽

Serious Disease

Rice is an important nutritive crop and primary staple food throughout the world. To reach the increasing global grain demand and food security, rice production needs to be monitored and increased. However, abiotic and biotic stresses have impeded rice cultivation both in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among biotic stressors, false smut of rice incited by fungus Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke, 1878) is one of the most common and serious disease throughout the rice cultivation areas and cause up to 40% loss in its yield. The disease is hard to stop, because fungus infect the crop during flowering stage and symptoms of the disease are evident after emergence of rice panicle. The fungus completely destroys the grains and converts them into spore balls, which are toxic and unfit for seed production. Further, control of false smut of rice through fungicide application is feasible; however, high usage of fungicides has led to the resistance development in causal agent besides environmental pollution. In this review, we update the most recent progress regarding the pathogen, its distribution, taxonomy, disease cycle and integrated disease management.

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Identification of Plant Protein Kinases in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses Using SuperSAGE

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203711109070643 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 643-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ederson Akio Kido ◽

Pedranne Kelle de Araujo Barbosa ◽

Jose Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽

Valesca Pandolfi ◽

Laureen Michelle Houllou-Kido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinases ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses

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Can interaction between silicon and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria benefit in alleviating abiotic and biotic stresses in crop plants?

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2017.11.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 253 ◽

pp. 98-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Hassan Etesami

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

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Recent Development on Plant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Enzymes and Their Functions in Plant Development and Stress Signaling

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12010051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Adesola J. Tola ◽

Amal Jaballi ◽

Hugo Germain ◽

Tagnon D. Missihoun

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Stress Signaling ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases ◽

Biotic Stresses ◽

Wide Range ◽

Excessive Accumulation

Abiotic and biotic stresses induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently causes the excessive accumulation of aldehydes in cells. Stress-derived aldehydes are commonly designated as reactive electrophile species (RES) as a result of the presence of an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that metabolize a wide range of endogenous and exogenous aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde molecules by oxidizing them to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The ALDH enzymes are found in nearly all organisms, and plants contain fourteen ALDH protein families. In this review, we performed a critical analysis of the research reports over the last decade on plant ALDHs. Newly discovered roles for these enzymes in metabolism, signaling and development have been highlighted and discussed. We concluded with suggestions for future investigations to exploit the potential of these enzymes in biotechnology and to improve our current knowledge about these enzymes in gene signaling and plant development.

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Applications and Potential of Genome-Editing Systems in Rice Improvement: Current and Future Perspectives

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1359

Author(s):

Javaria Tabassum ◽

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

Babar Hussain ◽

Amos Musyoki Mawia ◽

Aqib Zeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Crop Production ◽

Grain Quality ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Improvement ◽

Breeding Techniques

Food crop production and quality are two major attributes that ensure food security. Rice is one of the major sources of food that feeds half of the world’s population. Therefore, to feed about 10 billion people by 2050, there is a need to develop high-yielding grain quality of rice varieties, with greater pace. Although conventional and mutation breeding techniques have played a significant role in the development of desired varieties in the past, due to certain limitations, these techniques cannot fulfill the high demands for food in the present era. However, rice production and grain quality can be improved by employing new breeding techniques, such as genome editing tools (GETs), with high efficiency. These tools, including clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems, have revolutionized rice breeding. The protocol of CRISPR/Cas9 systems technology, and its variants, are the most reliable and efficient, and have been established in rice crops. New GETs, such as CRISPR/Cas12, and base editors, have also been applied to rice to improve it. Recombinases and prime editing tools have the potential to make edits more precisely and efficiently. Briefly, in this review, we discuss advancements made in CRISPR systems, base and prime editors, and their applications, to improve rice grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, grain quality, disease and herbicide resistance, in addition to the regulatory aspects and risks associated with genetically modified rice plants. We also focus on the limitations and future prospects of GETs to improve rice grain quality.

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