scholarly journals Chest X-Ray Findings Among Adult Patients Attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Northwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abacha ◽  
Isma'il Salima ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Audu ◽  
Abubakar Umar ◽  
Gurama Aminu Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Chest X Ray

Background: Chest x-ray is the most frequently performed diagnostic examination particularly in patients with respiratory and cardiac diseases and for routine medical checkup and planning for surgery. A study on the image quality of chest x-rays had been conducted but the findings on the chest x-rays have not been studied in this tertiary health institution. This study aimed at revealing the most common pathologies and sex distribution of the pathologies on chest x-rays of adult patients attending the hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 190 adult (aged 18 and above) patients’ chest x-ray reports was conducted using the existing reported documents of chest x-rays from the archives of Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto from January 2018 - October 2019 using data capture sheet as instrument for data collection. Data was analyzed using Microsoft excel version 2010. Results: Out of the 190 chest x-rays, 54% were for male while 46% were for female patients with the highest number of patients in the 29-38 years age group. Most of the radiographs studied were normal examinations (38.95%). Moreover, the most common pathology was hypertensive heart failure (26.84%) with male preponderance (13.68%). Conclusion: Hypertensive heart disease is the most common pathologic finding of adult chest x-ray in the study area with elderly male preponderance.

scholarly journals Spectrum Of Chest X-Ray Findings Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Individuals In A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Adeyanju Akinola ◽  
TM Balogun ◽  
AA Adeniyi ◽  
JAA Onakoya ◽  
IO Fabeyibi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ciency Virus ◽  
Chest X Ray

Introduction: Human immunodefi ciency virus infection damages the immune system making those affected more susceptible to opportunistic infections and malignancies which are common in the chest. This study sought to determine the pattern of chest X-ray lesions and the corresponding CD4 counts of HIV positive patients reporting in the antiretroviral clinic of this teaching hospital for the fi rst time. Methodology: Consecutive HIV positive patients that attended the antiretroviral clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, (LASUTH) from September 2009 to January 2011 were recruited. Their chest x-rays were assessed for the presence of pulmonary lesions and baseline CD 4 counts were done to assess their degree of immunosuppression. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16.0. Results: There were 211 subjects, 151 females and 60 males with a M:F ratio of 1:2.5 The mean age of participants was 36.5±11.9. Mean baseline CD4 count for the subjects was 279±220.7 cells/mm3. Almost two thirds (64.9%) cases had normal chest x-rays with their mean CD4 count as 277.65±228.54 cells/mm3. The commonest lesions seen in the lungs include pulmonary infi ltrations, 55 (26.1%), cardiomegaly, 24 (11.4%), pulmonary consolidation, 21 (10%) and lymphadenopathy, 14 (6.6%). The commonest radiological diagnosis made were Atypical pneumonitis, 39 (18.5%), pulmonary TB, 13 (6.2%), pneumonia 13 (6.2%) and cardiomegaly13 (6.2%) respectively.Patients with chest findings had lower mean CD4 counts, 239 cells/mm3 when compared to those without, 244 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Pulmonary infiltration was the commonest lesion, while the commonest diagnosis was atypical pneumonitis. Patients with chest x-ray lesions were found to have lower CD4 counts with probable worse destruction of their immune system. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(2); 27-34 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i2.9710

scholarly journals Determinants of Successful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in a State University Teaching Hospital in South East, Nigeria: A 5 Year Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chinonyelu J. Orji ◽  
Onyinye H. Chime ◽  
Edmund N. Ossai
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
State University ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Aim: The 2018 World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report enlisted Nigeria as one of the seven countries worldwide that accounted for 64% of all new cases of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinants of tuberculosis treatment outcomes at a Tertiary Hospital in South East, Nigeria. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Place and Duration: The Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Directly Observed Treatment Center, between April 2009 and March 2013. Methods: Completely filled data were extracted from tuberculosis treatment cards and registers of 445 clients (255 males, 190 females; age range 0-90 years) who assessed care at the DOTS clinic.  Tuberculosis treatment success outcome is defined as cured or completed TB treatment. Results: Of 445 registered patients, majority was males (57.3%), lived in urban areas (68.1%), and were newly diagnosed (97.8%). Of the 93.7% with pulmonary tuberculosis, 62% were smear negatives cases (62%). While the male to female ratio of the clients was 1.3:1, their mean age was 42 ± 16.7 years. About half (50.6%) had chest x-ray findings that were not diagnostic of Tuberculosis. While TB/HIV co-infection rate was 32.8%; 16% and 19.3% had commenced anti -retroviral and co-trimoxazole preventive treatment respectively. Treatment success was reported in 67.9% of all clients and was associated with being older than 14 year (AOR=12.0, 95% CI: 2.5 – 58.0) and having positive chest findings (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 0.3-0.6). Conclusions: The TB success rate in was 67.9% Being older than 14 years, having PTB and positive chest x ray findings were the predictors of good treatment outcome in this study. There is an urgent need to track and report the treatment outcome of patients who are lost to follow up since they constitute 20% of missed cases in this center.

scholarly journals The Role of Chest X-Ray in Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Mayson Ahmed Wanasi Khair ◽  
Shouq Mohammed Alamri ◽  
Ahlam Hameed Alrashidi ◽  
Malak Abdulrahman Lharbi ◽  
Yosra Saleh Al-moghamsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Purpose: Chest X-rays (CXRs) are the most common radiological tests performed in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the performance CRX in ICU and the patient’s confirmed pathologic finding. Methods: This retrospective study was evaluated 50 ICU chest X-rays were retrieved from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of the different Saudi Hospitals in Al-Medina (February - April 2017). Frequency Distribution, Ratio and Linear Regression were used for statistical analysis. Result: This study demonstrated that based on analyzing the data, 92% of chest X-ray requests were used among 50 ICU patients to confirm the diagnosis, and a significant relationship was found between the use of chest X-rays between the ICU patients and the patient's confirmed pathologic finding which may mean that chest X-ray had a great role in confirming the disease or its complications. There has been a recommendation to perform daily CRX for patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease or receiving mechanical ventilation, as well as immediate CXR imaging for all patients who have had endotracheal tubes, feeding tubes, vascular catheters, and chest tubes. The most effective principle of radiation protection is distance, when performing an X-ray, the technologist must be at least six feet (1.5 to 2 m) from the radiation source. If the technician needs to be close to the radiation source, wearable lead shields and thyroid collars can protect the radiation-sensitive areas of the body. Conclusion: The chest X-ray of ICU patients was an important diagnostic tool that would affect patient management; however, it may also be a tool that can lead to serious complications for patient. A small sample size was used in this investigation that results in unconfirmed information, the future research using a large sample size is needed to carry out a more reliable and valid information.

scholarly journals 1485. Mobile Bedside Ultrasound (mBSUS) and Use of an Artificial Intelligence Algorithm for Diagnosis of Pediatric Pneumonia in Limited Resource Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S744-S744
Author(s):  
ingrid Y Camelo ◽  
Christopher Gill ◽  
Rachel Pieciak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Learning System ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Bedside Ultrasound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The University

Abstract Background In low and middle-income countries (LMICs) pneumonia is by far the leading cause of death among children < 5 years of age. A key factor is the challenge of pneumonia diagnosis. Chest X-Ray is the gold standard for pneumonia diagnoses but exposes children to ionizing radiation and is mainly restricted to hospital settings. advances in artificial intelligence (AI) render possible the automated interpretation of mobile bedside US (mBSUS) images on a smartphone, obviating the need for a radiologist. Ultraspund findings in pneumonia Artificial intelligence feature recognition Methods We measured the accuracy of mBSUS for the diagnosis of pneumonia using chest X-Ray as the gold standard. Children 1-59 mo presenting at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia with ages ranging from aged 1-59 months and meeting WHO criteria for severe/very severe pneumonia were enrolled. Clinical data is collected in RedCap. Digital X-Rays were done at the University Teaching Hospital and saved as JPEG images. Pulmonary mBSUS images are taken using a butterfly, a mobile device system, and stored in the butterfly iCloud of the Butterfly app and transmitted to an iOS phone or tablet. Images are stored locally and saved to a secured/encrypted cloud platform for remote viewing with a HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) compliant secure cloud. Images are currently extracted from the clips stored in the butterfly icloud, radiologists annotate the images that have abnormal findings and they are then sent to the AI lab where they are analyzed and organized to build a platform of similar images that could be recognized by the machine learning system. Imaging correlation CXR Vs mobile bedside ultrasound mBSUS Butterfly ultrasound system Results Of the 11 patients enrolled so far, ll have been having ultrasound images that correlated with chest x-ray findings. In three of those patients, the ultrasound has shown pulmonary findings not recognized or hardly seen on chest x-ray. The artificial intelligence lab is developing a pull of images that will be used to recognize patterns of consolidation from mBSUS images. Protocol fro obtaining images Conclusion Mobile pulmonary ultrasound mBSUS is a feasible, non radiation technique that could be used in limited-resource settings to diagnose pneumonia in children. Images obtained from mBSUS can be used to build a pattern of recognition based on consolidation findings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

STUDY OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN RELATION TO RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Kalyanisri. Koneru ◽  
V M Kiran Ogirala ◽  
Kommavarapu. Kalyani Madhuri ◽  
Bokam. Bhanu Rekha
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

BACKGROUND Currently, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become pandemic globally. Elevated inammatory markers are observed and are a common pathophysiological response to acute illness. Chest X-ray changes are also commonly seen in COVID -19 patients. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between inammatory markers to chest X-ray ndings in COVID-19 patients. METHODS This is a prospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary care hospital from may 2020-November 2020. Comorbidities, inammatory markers, and Chest X ray were collected and analyzed. Correlations between radiological and inammatory markers were studied. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: Ÿ Correlation of inammatory markers to radiographic ndings and their outcome in COVID 19 patients Ÿ The outcome was studied in terms of: Ÿ Patients requiring oxygen/ NIVsupport Ÿ duration of hospital stay Ÿ Number of patients Recovered/death RESULTS: Ÿ Out of 500 patients studied, the mean age was 49.41 years, and (295)59% of patients were male,(205)41% were females. (455)91% patients discharged and (43)8.6% died. We found a positive correlation between inammatory markers and Chest X-ray ndings at the time of admission with a signicant statistical P-value. The inammatory markers CRP, ESR, D-Dimer & Sr.ferritin compared with the mode of ventilation(O2 & NIV, duration of hospital stay and outcome also showed signicant statistical P-value. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in patients with raised inammatory markers there were increased abnormalities on Chest X-rays which required an increase in oxygen or NIVsupport. This can be a useful predictor of the severity of the disease and assessment of outcome.

scholarly journals Chest x-ray scoring as a predictor of COVID-19 disease; correlation with comorbidities and in-hospital mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 003693302110274
Author(s):  
Aparajita Singh ◽  
Yoke Hong Lim ◽  
Rajesh Annamalaisamy ◽  
Shyam Sunder Koteyar ◽  
Suresh Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Hospital Referral ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chest X Ray

Objectives To devise a novel, simple chest x-ray (CXR) scoring system which would help in prognosticating the disease severity and ability to predict comorbidities and in-hospital mortality. Methods We included a total of 343 consecutive hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in this study. The chest x-rays of these patients were scored retrospectively by three radiologists independently. We divided CXR in to six zones (right upper, mid & lower and left, upper mid & lower zones). We scored each zone as- 0, 1 or 2 as follows- if that zone was clear (0) Ground glass opacity (1) or Consolidation (2). A total of score from 0 to 12 could be obtained. Results A CXR score cut off ≥3 independently predicted mortality. Along with a relatively higher NPV ≥80%, it reinforced the importance of CXR score is a screening tool to triage patients according to risk of mortality. Conclusions We propose that Pennine score is a simple tool which can be adapted by various countries, experiencing a large surge in number of patients, to decide which patient would need a tertiary Hospital referral/admission as opposed to patients that can be managed locally or at basic/primary care hospitals.

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: Uncommon Cause of Air Leak in Late Preterm Neonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Bhushan ◽  
Shagufta Iqbal ◽  
Abhishek Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Chest X Ray

A clinical case report of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a late-preterm neonate, chest x-ray showing classical “spinnaker sail sign,” which was managed conservatively and had excellent prognosis on conservative management. Respiratory distress in a preterm neonate is a common clinical finding. Common causes include respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. Pneumomediastinum is not very common cause of respiratory distress and more so spontaneous pneumomediastinum. We report here a preterm neonate with spontaneous pneumomediastinum who had excellent clinical recovery with conservative management. A male baby was delivered to G3P1A1 mother at 34 + 6 weeks through caesarean section done due to abruptio placenta. Apgar scores were 8 and 9. Maternal antenatal history was uneventful and there were no risk factors for early onset sepsis. Baby had respiratory distress soon after birth with Silverman score being 2/10. Baby was started on oxygen (O2) by nasal prongs through blender 0.5 l/min, FiO2 25%, and intravenous fluids. Blood gas done was normal. Possibility of transient tachypnea of newborn or mild hyaline membrane disease was kept. Respiratory distress increased at 20 h of life (Silverman score: 5), urgent chest x-ray done revealed “spinnaker sign” suggestive of pneumomediastinum, so baby was shifted to O2 by hood with FiO2 being 70%. Blood gas repeated was normal. Baby was managed conservatively on intravenous fluids and O2 by hood. Baby was gradually weaned off from O2 over next 5 days. As respiratory distress decreased, baby was started on orogastric feed, which baby tolerated well and then was switched to oral feeds. Serial x-rays showed resolution of pneumomediastinum. Baby was discharged on day 7 of life in stable condition on breast feeds and room air.

scholarly journals Accessory pathway analysis using a multimodal deep learning model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nishimori ◽  
Kunihiko Kiuchi ◽  
Kunihiro Nishimura ◽  
Kengo Kusano ◽  
Akihiro Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Accessory Pathway ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wpw Syndrome ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Deep Learning Model ◽  
Ecg Data

AbstractCardiac accessory pathways (APs) in Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome are conventionally diagnosed with decision tree algorithms; however, there are problems with clinical usage. We assessed the efficacy of the artificial intelligence model using electrocardiography (ECG) and chest X-rays to identify the location of APs. We retrospectively used ECG and chest X-rays to analyse 206 patients with WPW syndrome. Each AP location was defined by an electrophysiological study and divided into four classifications. We developed a deep learning model to classify AP locations and compared the accuracy with that of conventional algorithms. Moreover, 1519 chest X-ray samples from other datasets were used for prior learning, and the combined chest X-ray image and ECG data were put into the previous model to evaluate whether the accuracy improved. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model using ECG data was significantly more accurate than the conventional tree algorithm. In the multimodal model, which implemented input from the combined ECG and chest X-ray data, the accuracy was significantly improved. Deep learning with a combination of ECG and chest X-ray data could effectively identify the AP location, which may be a novel deep learning model for a multimodal model.

scholarly journals 3D Imaging in Unilateral Primary Pulmonary Hypoplasia in an Adult: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aristida Georgescu ◽  
Crinu Nuta ◽  
Simona Bondari
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Female Smoker ◽  
Multidetector Computer Tomography ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Chest X Ray

Unilateral primary pulmonary hypoplasia is rare in adulthood (UPHA); it is characterized by a decreased number of bronchial segmentation and decreased/absent alveolar air space. Classical chest X-ray may be confusing, and the biological tests are unspecific. We present a case of UPHA in a 60-year-old female, smoker, with 3 term normal deliveries, who presented with late recurrent pneumonias and bronchiectasis-type symptomathology, arterial hypertension, and obesity. Chest X-rays revealed opacity in the left lower pulmonary zone, an apparent hypoaerated upper left lobe and left deviation of the mediastinum. Preoperatory multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) presented a small retrocardiac left lung with 5-6 bronchial segmentation range and cystic appearance. After pneumonectomy the gross specimen showed a small lung with multiple bronchiectasis and small cysts, lined by hyperplasic epithelium, surrounded by stromal fibrosclerosis. We concluded that this UPHA occurred in the 4–7 embryonic weeks, and the 3D MDCT reconstructions offered the best noninvasive diagnosis.

CHEST X RAY SCORE AND CLINICAL SEVERITY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Sheeba Rana ◽  
Vicky Bakshi ◽  
Yavini Rawat ◽  
Zaid Bin Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Antigen Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Classi Cation ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Male Subjects

INTRODUCTION: Various chest X-ray scoring systems have been discovered and are employed to correlate with clinical severity, outcome and progression of diseases. With, the coronavirus outbreak, few chest radiograph classication were formulated, like the BSTI classication and the Brixia chest X-ray score. Brixia CXR scoring is used for assessing the clinical severity and outcome of COVID-19. This study aims to compare the Brixia CXR score with clinical severity of COVID-19 patients. MATERIAL& METHODS:This was a retrospective study in which medical records of patients aged 18 years or above, who tested for RTPCR or st st Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) for COVID positive from 1 February 2021 to 31 July 2021 (6 months) were taken. These subjects were stratied into mild, moderate and severe patients according to the ICMR guidelines. Chest X Rays were obtained and lesions were classied according to Brixia scoring system. RESULTS: Out of these 375 patients, 123 (32.8%) were female and 252 (67.2%) were male subjects. The average brixia score was 11.12. Average Brixia CXR score for mild, moderate and severe diseased subjects were 5.23, 11.20, and 14.43 respectively. DISCUSSION:The extent of chest x-ray involvement is proportional to the clinical severity of the patient. Although, a perplexing nding was that the average Brixia score of the female subjects were slightly higher than their male counterparts in the same clinical groups. CONCLUSION: Brixia CXR score correlates well with the clinical severity of the COVID-19.

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