Mangroves as Fish Habitat

Mangroves as Fish Habitat ◽

10.47886/9781934874424.ch4 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Fish Habitat ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Fish Abundance ◽

High Trophic Level ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Fishing Pressure ◽

Data Analyses

Scientists have long sought to understand the contribution of mangrove forests to offshore systems, especially the movement of fishes from vegetated shallows to coral reefs (Parrish 1989). Typically, it is on coral reefs that fishing pressure is most intense (Stallings 2009). Previous studies focusing on mangrove-utilizing Caribbean fishes that migrate offshore with ontogeny have been restricted in spatiotemporal extent (e.g., Nagelkerken et al. 2002), and methodological and other differences among these research efforts have hindered quantitative, interstudy comparisons. Moreover, these studies did not directly account for (i.e., incorporate in their data analyses) the potentially confounding influence of human activity (i.e., fishing and/ or habitat degradation) when examining for relationships linking mangrove presence or area to fish abundance on reefs. As a result, it remains unclear whether island-scale observations consistent with mangrove-mediated augmentation of fishes on coral reefs are also evident at the scale of the greater Caribbean region. Human influence on large, high–trophic level Caribbean fishes appears strong (Stallings 2009); therefore, it is important to account for this influence when examining for a mangrove-driven fish subsidy effect at the regional scale.

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The Mauritius Oil Spill: What’s Next?

Pollutants ◽

10.3390/pollutants1010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Davide Seveso ◽

Yohan Didier Louis ◽

Simone Montano ◽

Paolo Galli ◽

Francesco Saliu

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Local Population ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Biological Impact ◽

Marine Oil ◽

Restoration Techniques

In light of the recent marine oil spill that occurred off the coast of Mauritius (Indian Ocean), we comment here the incident, the containment method used by the local population, the biological impact of oil spill on two sensitive tropical marine ecosystems (coral reefs and mangrove forests), and we suggest monitoring and restoration techniques of the impacted ecosystems based on recent research advancements.

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Calcium and Potassium Nutrition Increases the Water Use Efficiency in Coffee: A Promising Strategy to Adapt to Climate Change

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology8020075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Victor Hugo Ramírez-Builes ◽

Jürgen Küsters

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Use Efficiency

Coffee (Coffea spp.) represents one of the most important sources of income and goods for the agricultural sector in Central America, Colombia, and the Caribbean region. The sustainability of coffee production at the global and regional scale is under threat by climate change, with a major risk of losing near to 50% of today’s suitable area for coffee by 2050. Rain-fed coffee production dominates in the region, and under increasing climate variability and climate change impacts, these production areas are under threat due to air temperature increase and changes in rainfall patterns and volumes. Identification, evaluation, and implementation of adaptation strategies for growers to cope with climate variability and change impacts are relevant and high priority. Incremental adaptation strategies, including proper soil and water management, contribute to improved water use efficiency (WUE) and should be the first line of action to adapt the coffee crop to the changing growing conditions. This research’s objective was to evaluate at field level over five years the influence of fertilization with calcium (Ca+2) and potassium (K+) on WUE in two coffee arabica varieties: cv. Castillo and cv. Caturra. Castillo has resistance against coffee leaf rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix Verkeley and Brome), while Caturra is not CLR-resistant. WUE was influenced by yield changes during the years by climate variability due to El Niño–ENSO conditions and CLR incidence. Application of Ca+2 and K+ improved the WUE under such variable conditions. The highest WUE values were obtained with an application of 100 kg CaO ha−1 year−1 and between 180 to 230 kg K2O ha−1 year−1. The results indicate that adequate nutrition with Ca+2 and K+ can improve WUE in the long-term, even underwater deficit conditions and after the substantial incidence. Hence, an optimum application of Ca+2 and K+ in rain-fed coffee plantations can be regarded as an effective strategy to adapt to climate variability and climate change.

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KOMPOSISI JENIS MANGROVE DAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KAWASAN MANGROVE DESA SAYOANG, HALMAHERA SELATAN, MALUKU UTARA Mangrove Species Compotition and Community Knowledge of Mangrove Area in Sayoang Village, Distric of South Halmahera

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.63-68 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

Omo Rusdiana ◽

Fajar Alif Sam Pangestu

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Fish Habitat ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Management Activity ◽

Community Knowledge ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

Total Respondent ◽

The Government

The area of mangrove forests in Indonesia is currently only spanning as much as 3.4 milion acres, so there is a need for the participation of the government and community to maintain its sustainability. South Halmahera is the district with the largest mangrove area in the North Maluku Province. One of the mangrove areas in the District of South Halmahera is located at Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict Up until its eleventh founding anniversary, this district have never conducted an inventorizing of its mangroves, both ecological and social studies in the field of public. This study aims to analyze the compotition of mangrove species in Sayoang Village, East Bacan Subdistrict, South Halmahera, and identify the knowledge of surrounding communities of mangrove areas as protected areas. Data were retrieved using sampling method with applications terraced paths, and analyzed by calculating its important value index (INP) and its index value diversity (IVD). The public social data were taken using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Results obtained from this study show that the mangrove forest in Sayoang Village, East Bacan District, Halmahera, consists of major mangrove species with as many as eleven species belonging to families Rhizophoraceae, Sonneratiaceae, Avicenniaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae, and as many as three species of minor mangrove belonging to families of Loranthaceae, Acanthaceae, and Pteridaceae. The mangrove's species diversity and richness is and low, but it has high evenness. The results showed that 60% of total respondents know the benefit of mangrove as fish habitat, while for mangrove area as conserving areas, 50% of total respondent don't know the status of the area. The cutting problems happened in mangrove areas, 90% of total respondent know the activity and 85% of total respondent think that the logging activities in mangrove area is still allowed. The management activity of mangrove area in Sayoang village hasn't been conducted, either by the community or by local Dinas Kehutanan, and 53% of total respondent still wishing the mangrove can give more benefit economically.Key words: Mangrove forest, mangrove protected areas, community knowledge

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Benthic foraminifera as ecological indicators in the Tunda Island Waters, Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

Author(s):

ISNI NURRUHWATI ◽

FACHRI ARDIANSYAH ◽

YUNIARTI ◽

LINTANG PERMATA SARI YULIADI ◽

Ruhyat Partasasmita

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Benthic Foraminifera ◽

Human Activities ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Ecological Indicators ◽

Coastal Development ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Benthic Foraminifers ◽

A Site

Abstract. Nurruhwati I, Ardiansyah F, Yuniarti, Yuliadi LPS, Partasasmita R. 2020. Benthic foraminifera as ecological indicators in the Tunda Island Waters Serang District, Banten Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3142-3148. Coral reef communities all across Southeast Asia are experiencing intense pressures from extensive tourism and massive coastal development. A prediction regarding coral reefs’ capacity to recover is a necessity since it is constantly exposed to damaging events such as mass bleaching and increased erosion. Tunda Island (which is highly rich in biodiversity and include coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass, and algae meadows) was sampled at 10 different sites in August 2019. Coral reefs are highly influenced by ecological factors such as temperature variability, salinity, DO, and pH. The assessments were conducted using the FORAM Index (FI) to accurately predict the capacity of coral reefs to recover based on relative abundances of symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera in reef sediments. The FI values ranged from 3.7 to 7.9 with a median of 4.7 and the average of 5 indicates that the water quality should support the recovery of reefs by reef-building corals and symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifers. The lowest FI value sampled was recorded from a site with extensive human activities (FI=3.4), while the highest one was recorded from a site with minimal to none human activities (FI=7.9), which indicates that the deterioration of water quality is caused by wastes from tourism activities near the coastal area.

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Coral microatolls and a probable Middle Ordovician example

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000042220 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David R. Kobluk ◽

Iqbal Noor

Keyword(s):

Coral Reefs ◽

Fossil Record ◽

Scleractinian Coral ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Middle Ordovician ◽

Reef Environments ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Water Depths ◽

Tabulate Corals

A disk-shaped massive colony of Tetradium, from the Middle Ordovician Bobcaygeon Formation in southern Ontario, displays features of a coral microatoll. This is the first pre-Holocene coral microatoll yet described, indicating that some tabulate corals in level-bottom communities were growing as microatolls as do many modern colonial skeleton-secreting organisms.The microatoll therefore is not strictly a Quaternary or even Cenozoic phenomenon, but has a fossil record that may span most of the Phanerozoic. This indicates that the special conditions necessary for microatoll growth have existed outside of reef environments, and were present before the advent of scleractinian coral reefs. It may be possible to use ancient microatolls to estimate absolute water depths at low tide, thereby providing a means for estimating maximum water depths on a local and regional scale.

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Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-875920160919064sp2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (spe2) ◽

pp. 37-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yara Schaeffer-Novelli ◽

Eduardo Juan Soriano-Sierra ◽

Claudia Câmara do Vale ◽

Elaine Bernini ◽

André Scarlate Rovai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Marsh ◽

Early Warning ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Level Energy ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Coastal Habitat ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Salt Marsh Species

Abstract This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation.

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Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-14-1739-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1739-1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kimberly K. Yates ◽

David G. Zawada ◽

Nathan A. Smiley ◽

Ginger Tiling-Range

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Coastal Hazards ◽

Carbonate Production ◽

Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽

Study Sites

Abstract. Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves, and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for five coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Caribbean over the last several decades. Regional-scale mean elevation and volume losses were observed at all five study sites and in 77 % of the 60 individual habitats that we examined across all study sites. Mean seafloor elevation losses for whole coral reef ecosystems in our study ranged from −0.09 to −0.8 m, corresponding to net volume losses ranging from 3.4  ×  106 to 80.5  ×  106 m3 for all study sites. Erosion of both coral-dominated substrate and non-coral substrate suggests that the current rate of carbonate production is no longer sufficient to support net accretion of coral reefs or adjacent habitats. We show that regional-scale loss of seafloor elevation and volume has accelerated the rate of relative sea level rise in these regions. Current water depths have increased to levels not predicted until near the year 2100, placing these ecosystems and nearby communities at elevated and accelerating risk to coastal hazards. Our results set a new baseline for projecting future impacts to coastal communities resulting from degradation of coral reef systems and associated losses of natural and socioeconomic resources.

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Overlooked biological and economic implications of within-season fishery dynamics

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2013-0029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiaozi Liu ◽

Mikko Heino

Keyword(s):

Concentration Profile ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Fish Abundance ◽

Fishing Pressure ◽

Fishing Mortality ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Special Cases ◽

Total Stock ◽

Stock Abundance

Catch equations relate fisheries catch to initial fish abundance and the applied fishing pressure. The Baranov catch equation, often simply referred to as the catch equation, is the commonest one. However, there are exactly three ways of describing seasonal progression of fishing parsimoniously with a single parameter: assume catch rate, fishing effort, or fishing mortality is constant, the last being the assumption underlying the Baranov catch equation. These assumptions imply different dynamics, and only in special cases two of these assumptions can hold true simultaneously. Whether this happens is dictated by the concentration profile (i.e., the dependence of mean fish density where fishing takes place on total stock abundance). We show that the assumed seasonal progression of fishing and the type of the concentration profile have major implications for fishery dynamics as well as biological and economic consequences of fishing, calling for increased awareness of these overlooked assumptions of fishery dynamics. However, in many cases the Baranov catch equation serves as a good approximation, even when its assumption of constant fishing mortality is violated.

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