A Technique for Secure Communication Using Message Dependent Steganography

In this paper we propose a technique for secure communication between sender and receiver. We use both cryptography and steganography. We take image as the carrier to use steganography. We have extended the existing hill cipher to increase its robustness and used it as our cryptography algorithm. By using this extended hill cipher (a new block cipher) which uses a 128 bit key, we encrypt the secret message. Then the cipher text of the secret message is embedded into the carrier image in 6th, 7th and 8th bit locations of some of the selected pixels (bytes). The 8th bit in a pixel (byte) is called as the least significant bit (LSB). The pixel selection is done depending on the bit pattern of the cipher text. So for different messages the embedding pixels will be different. That means to know the pixels of the image where the cipher text is embedded we should know the cipher text bits. Thus it becomes a stronger steganography. As the pixels where we embed are chosen during the run time of the algorithm, so we say that it is dynamic steganography. After embedding the resultant image will be sent to the receiver, the receiver will apply the reverse process what the sender has done and get the secret message.

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A Robust Image Steganography Technique Using Dynamic Embedding with Two Least Significant Bits

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.835 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 403-408 ◽

pp. 835-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gandharba Swain ◽

Saroj Kumar Lenka

Keyword(s):

Secure Communication ◽

Image Steganography ◽

Evaluation Function ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Dynamic Evaluation ◽

Secret Information ◽

Cipher Text ◽

Robust Image ◽

Carrier Image ◽

Selection Of

In this paper we are proposing a new Image steganography technique for secure communication between sender and receiver. At the sender we follow two steps. In the first step we encrypt the secret information by blowfish algorithm and in second step we embed the cipher text in LSB minus one and LSB (least significant bit) locations of some of the selected pixels (bytes) of the carrier image. One pixel is 8 bits in 8-bit gray scale. The selection of the pixels is done by a dynamic evaluation function. Depending on the cipher text bits, the dynamic evaluation function decides on which pixels the different cipher text bits are to be embedded. At the receiver also two steps are followed, first the cipher bits are retrieved from the image from the said locations and then it is decrypted by using the blowfish algorithm to get the secret information. As the embedding byte locations are decided based on bits of the cipher text, so it is dynamic steganography. This approach provides two levels of security, one at the cryptography level and the other at the steganography level. The proposed technique is experimented through a large number of experiments.

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Image steganography based on DNA sequence translation properties

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.25079/ukhjse.v4n2y2020.pp15-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Abdullah Abdullah ◽

Sardar Ali ◽

Ramadhan Mstafa ◽

Vaman Haji

Keyword(s):

Information Security ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Secret Message ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Sensitive Data ◽

Translation Process ◽

Hide Information ◽

Authorized Access ◽

Audio Video

Digital communication has become a vital part of daily life nowadays, many applications are using internet-based communication and here the importance of security rose to have a secure communication between two parties to prevent authorized access to sensitive data. These requirements led to a number of research in information security that has been done in the past two decades. Cryptography and steganography are the two main methods that are being used for information security. Cryptography refers to techniques that encrypt a message to be sent to a destination using different methods to be done. On the other hand, steganography is the science of hiding information from others using another cover message or media such as image, audio, video, and DNA sequence. This paper proposed a new method to hide information in an image using the least significant bit (LSB) based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme used properties of DNA sequence when codons that consist of three nucleotides are translated to proteins. The LSB of two pixels from the image are taken to represent a codon and then translate them to protein. The secret message bits are injected into codons before the translation process which slightly distorts the image and makes the image less suspicious and hard to detect the hidden message. The experimental results indicate the effeteness of the proposed method.

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Keamanan Pesan Rahasia Menggunakan Steganografi DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) pada Citra JPEG

Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika Global ◽

10.36982/jig.v9i2.585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dian Hafidh Zulfikar

Keyword(s):

Discrete Cosine Transform ◽

Spatial Domain ◽

Cover Image ◽

Secret Message ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Cosine Transform ◽

Secret Information ◽

Dct Coefficients ◽

Lsb Technique ◽

Dct Coefficient

Abstract The least significant-bit (LSB) based techniques are very popular for steganography in spatial domain. The simplest LSB technique simply replaces the LSB in the cover image with the bits from secret information. Further advanced techniques use some criteria to identify the pixels in which LSB(s) can be replaced with the bits of secret information. In Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based technique insertion of secret information in carrier depends on the DCT coefficients. Any DCT coefficient value above proper threshold is a potential place for insertion of secret information. Keywords : Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), steganography, secret message AbstrakPada steganografi domain spasial, teknik least significant-bit (LSB) merupakan teknik yang paling banyak digunakan pada steganografi. Teknik yang sederhana yang hanya mengubah nilai LSB pada cover image dengan nilai bit pesan rahasia, atau dengan teknik yang lebih baik lagi yaitu dengan menentukan bit-bit LSB mana yang akan dilakukan pergantian nilai bit. Lain halnya dengan metode Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), teknik steganografi ini akan menyembunyikan informasi rahasia tergantung dari nilai Koefisien DCT. Kata Kunci : Steganografi, DCT, Citra, JPEG, Pesan Rahasia

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A New Image Steganographic Approach for Secure Communication Based on LSB Replacement Method

Information Technology And Control ◽

10.5755/j01.itc.44.3.8949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 315-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Khalid Darabkh ◽

Iyad F. Jafar ◽

Raed T. Al-Zubi ◽

Mohammed Hawa

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Color Image ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Geometric Shape ◽

Secret Message ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Secret Data ◽

Replacement Method ◽

Lsb Replacement

With the development of internet technologies and communication services, message transmissions over the internet still have to face all kinds of security problems. Hence, how to protect secret messages during transmission becomes a challenging issue for most of current researchers. It is worth mentioning that many applications in computer science and other related fields rely on steganography and watermarking techniques to ensure information safety during communication. Unlike cryptography that focuses on scrambling the secret message so that it cannot be understood, the main objective of steganography and watermarking is to communicate securely in such a way that the hidden data are not visible to the observer. In other words, it seeks for the imperceptibility of stego-images quality to an unintended party through embedding efficiently the secret message in a digital media such as image, video, or audio. In this paper, we propose a new steganographic method to embed the secret data inside a cover image based on least-significant-bit (LSB) replacement method. The embedding process predominantly concentrates on distributing the secret message inside one share of a color image to appear like a 3D geometric shape that is constructed according to well-analyzed geometric equations. The dimensions of the geometric shape are determined pursuant to the size of secret message. Data distribution process makes our method to be of a great interest as of being so difficult for the hackers or intruders to reconstruct the shape from stego-images, thereby the security is improved. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our approach with two other relevant approaches in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and payload. The contribution of our approach was immensely impressive.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.3.8949

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Image steganography based on DNA sequence translation properties

UKH Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.25079/ukhjse.v4n1y2020.pp15-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Sardar Hasen Ali ◽

Ramadhan J. Mstafa ◽

Vaman Mohammed Haji

Keyword(s):

Information Security ◽

Dna Sequence ◽

Secure Communication ◽

Secret Message ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Sensitive Data ◽

Translation Process ◽

Hide Information ◽

Authorized Access ◽

Audio Video

Digital communication has become a vital part of daily life nowadays, many applications are using internet-based communication and here the importance of security rose to have a secure communication between two parties to prevent authorized access to sensitive data. These requirements led to a number of research in information security that has been done in the past two decades. Cryptography and steganography are the two main methods that are being used for information security. Cryptography refers to techniques that encrypt a message to be sent to a destination using different methods to be done. On the other hand, steganography is the science of hiding information from others using another cover message or media such as image, audio, video, and DNA sequence. This paper proposed a new method to hide information in an image using the least significant bit (LSB) based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence. To accomplish this, the proposed scheme used properties of DNA sequence when codons that consist of three nucleotides are translated to proteins. The LSB of two pixels from the image are taken to represent a codon and then translate them to protein. The secret message bits are injected into codons before the translation process which slightly distorts the image and makes the image less suspicious and hard to detect the hidden message. The experimental results indicate the effeteness of the proposed method.

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FEATURES OF HIDING INFORMATION IN IMAGES WITH USING THE LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT

Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety ◽

10.32447/20784643.20.2019.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

A. Lagun ◽

O. Polotai

Keyword(s):

Secret Message ◽

Pseudorandom Sequence ◽

Text File ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Hidden Information ◽

Digital Text ◽

Secret Information ◽

Text Information ◽

Image Pixels ◽

Sequence Generator

In the article has considered the peculiarities of steganographic algorithms implemenation for hiding information in inmoveable images. Authors has described different embedding algorithms which use the method of least significant bit. In particular, the use of digital filtering allows you to better select the necessary pixels for embedding, and the use of a pseudorandom sequence generator allows you to more effectively hide secret information, complicating the search for secret information to the attacker.From the existing color palettes to represent inmoveable images have been selected the most common RGB pal-ette, which contains red, green, and blue intensities to produce image pixels. Colors that are less sensitive to the human eye are used to form the filled steganographic containers to provide additional visual stability.Also, in the paper authors have investigated the features of hiding digital text information in a inmoveable image as a BMP file and have realized an algorithm that for images of different size allows you to hide a text file of the necessary size. In particular, the number of bytes of the secret message is written to the original container to retrieve the required number of characters during searching. In addition, it takes into account the peculiarities of forming a BMP file that contains additional alignment bytes of the string.In general, the algorithm allows you to select a container file of the appropriate size to hide the secret information, as well as the colors of the palette in which the information will be embedded. The extracting of secret information occurs until the number of bytes of the hidden message is reached. This value has recorded at the beginning of the hiding text. You can use encryption or compression algorithms to complication searching of clear text by attacker. Only users those who are aware of the algorithms used and perhaps the keys will be able to read the hidden information correctly.

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A new approach for enhancing LSB steganography using bidirectional coding scheme

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v9i6.pp5286-5294 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 5286

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Saeed Abdullah Al-Momin ◽

Issa Ahmed Abed ◽

Hussein A. Leftah

Keyword(s):

Private Information ◽

Cover Image ◽

Secret Message ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Fixed Size ◽

Stego Image ◽

New Approach ◽

Coding Scheme ◽

Private Data ◽

Carrier Image

This paper proposes a new algorithm for embedding private information within a cover image. Unlike all other already existing algorithms, this one tends to employ the data of the carrier image more efficiently such that the image looks less distorted. As a consequence, the private data is maintained unperceived and the sent information stays unsuspicious. This task is achieved by dividing the least significant bit plane of the cover image into fixed size blocks, and then embedding the required top-secret message within each block using one of two opposite ways depending on the extent of similarity of each block with the private information needed to be hidden. This technique will contribute to lessen the number of bits needed to be changed in the cover image to accommodate the private data, and hence will substantially reduce the amount of distortion in the stego-image when compared to the classic LSB image steganography algorithms.

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Improved Steganography Scheme based on Fractal Set

The International Arab Journal of Information Technology ◽

10.34028/iajit/17/1/15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 128-136

Author(s):

Mohammad Alia ◽

Khaled Suwais

Keyword(s):

Secure Communication ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Exact Matching ◽

Secret Data ◽

Stego Image ◽

Fractal Sets ◽

Digital Multimedia ◽

Secret Information ◽

Current Trends ◽

Hidden Data

Steganography is the art of hiding secret data inside digital multimedia such as image, audio, text and video. It plays a significant role in current trends for providing secure communication and guarantees accessibility of secret information by authorised parties only. The Least-Significant Bit (LSB) approach is one of the important schemes in steganography. The majority of LSB-based schemes suffer from several problems due to distortion in a limited payload capacity for stego-image. In this paper, we have presented an alternative steganographic scheme that does not rely on cover images as in existing schemes. Instead, the image which includes the secure hidden data is generated as an image of a curve. This curve is resulted from a series of computation that is carried out over the mathematical chaotic fractal sets. The new scheme aims at improving the data concealing capacity, since it achieves limitless concealing capacity and disposes of the likelihood of the attackers to realise any secret information from the resulted stego-image. From the security side, the proposed scheme enhances the level of security as the scheme depends on the exact matching between secret information and the generated fractal (Mandelbrot-Julia) values. Accordingly, a key stream is created based on these matches. The proposed scheme is evaluated and tested successfully from different perspectives

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An Adaptive Image Steganography Technique Using LSB and MSB

IARS' International Research Journal ◽

10.51611/iars.irj.v3i1.2013.26 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lakkshmanan Ajanthaa ◽

Puja Dharia ◽

Fairy Gandhi

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Secure Communication ◽

The Other ◽

Cover Image ◽

Least Significant Bit ◽

Hidden Information ◽

Media Image ◽

Secret Information ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Essential Properties

IN modern years Steganography is playing a significant role in secure communication. It is a technique of embedding secret information into cover media (image, video, audio and text) such that only the sender and the authoritative receiver can detect the occurrence of hidden information. The two essential properties of Steganography are good visual imperceptibility of the payload which is crucial for security of hidden communication and payload is essential for conveying huge quantity of secret information. Steganography has to satisfy two requirements, one is capability and the other is transparency. Capability means embedding large payload into media. Transparency means an ability to prevent distinction between stego and cover image by statistical analysis. Earlier they have used least significant bit (LSB), the simplest form of Steganography. In LSB method, data is inserted in the least significant bit which leads to a negligible change on the cover image that is not visible to the naked eye. Since this method can be easily cracked, it is more exposed to attacks. In the proposed system we propose Spatial Domain Steganography using 1-Bit Most Significant Bit (MSB) with confused manner.

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