Research on Lightweight Design of Automobile Body with Multi Material Structure

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Automobile Body

scholarly journals Study on application of MSOT method for lightweight design of automobile body structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781402096504
Author(s):  
Li Jixiong ◽  
Wang Daoyong
Keyword(s):  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Pareto Solution ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Automobile Body ◽  
Collision Safety ◽  
Side Collision

In this study, the integrated MSOT (M-Multi-dimensional factor autobody model, S-Screening autobody component, O-Optimization of plate thickness, T-Testing, and validation) integration method is adopted to optimize the automobile body structure design for weight reduction. First, a multi-dimensional factor body model is established, then components of the vehicle are screened for the most important targets related to weight reduction and performance, and a multi-objective optimization is performed. Virtual experiments were carried out to validate the analysis and the MSOT method were proposed for lightweight design of the automobile body structure. A multi-dimensional performance model that considers stiffness, modality, strength, frontal offset collision, and side collision of a domestic passenger car body structure. Components affecting the weight of the vehicle were identified. Sheet metal thickness was selected as the main optimization target and a multi-objective optimization was carried out. Finally, simulations were performed on the body structure. The comprehensive performance, in terms of fatigue strength, frontal offset collision safety, and side collision safety, was verified using the optimized Pareto solution set. The results show that the established MSOT method can be used to comprehensively explore the weight reduction of the body structure, shorten the development process, and reduce development costs.

Lightweight optimization of the front end structure of an automobile body using entropy-based grey relational analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Dengfeng Wang ◽  
Zhengdong Ma ◽  
Tiantong Lv ◽  
Longbo Ji
Keyword(s):  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Front End ◽  
Automobile Body ◽  
Grey Relational

This study deals with the multi-objective lightweight optimization of the front end structure of an automobile body, as the main assembly to withstand impact force and protect occupants from injuries in frontal collision, based on entropy-based grey relational analysis (EGRA). First, basic noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) models of the automobile body and crashworthiness models of the vehicle are established and then validated by corresponding actual experiments; hence the lightweight controlling quotas are extracted. Next, the contribution analysis method determines the final parts for lightweight optimization, for which both continuous thickness variables and discrete material variables are simultaneously taken into account. Subsequently, design of experiment (DoE) using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) method is carried out, considering the total mass and the torsional stiffness of the automobile body, the maximum intrusion deformation on the firewall, the maximum impact acceleration at lower end of the B-pillar, and the total material cost of the selected optimization parts as five competing optimization objectives. After that, the optimal combination of thickness and material parameters of the optimization parts is determined using EGRA and confirmed by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Finally, a comparison between the original design and the post-lightweight design, namely the optimized design, further confirms the effectiveness of the lightweight optimization. According to the outcomes, the automobile body is lightweight optimized with a mass decrease of 4.98 kg on the basis of well guaranteeing other relevant mechanical performance. Accordingly, the EGRA could be well employed to the multi-objective lightweight optimization of the automobile body.

Current research developments of electromagnetic joining technology in China-A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Qin ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Guangyao Li ◽  
Junjia Cui
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Joining Technology ◽  
Pulse Welding ◽  
Design And Manufacture

: With the increasing applications of multi-material structures in lightweight vehicle, traditional joining techniques are highly challenged in joining dissimilar materials. To meet the requirements of the multi-material structure of lightweight design, electromagnetic joining (EMJ) technology including electromagnetic riveting (EMR) and magnetic pulse welding (MPW) developed rapidly in recent years, which can achieve good connection performance for complex-shaped structures and dissimilar materials. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress of the EMJ technology in China. Moreover, this review aims at providing a guideline for researchers engaged in electromagnetic joining technology and other connecting processes to further improve the level of lightweight vehicle design and manufacture. Firstly, the development history and status of EMJ was presented. Then the basic joining principles and characteristics of EMR and MPW were analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the investigation of joints formation mechanism, mechanical properties of joints and equipment development of EMR and MPW techniques were reviewed and analyzed. Especially, the operating principle is described along with various factors affecting the mechanical and microcosmic properties of joints. Finally, the future development trend of the EMJ technology based on the current research progress is highlighted.

Lightweight Design of Automotive Front End Material-Structure Based on Frontal Collision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANGFAN ZHANG ◽  
Xiaojun Zou ◽  
Liu-kai Yuan ◽  
Hualin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Front End ◽  
Frontal Collision

Structure-material integrated multi-objective lightweight design of the front end structure of automobile body

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Dengfeng Wang ◽  
Zhengdong Ma ◽  
Shuming Chen ◽  
Tiantong Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Front End ◽  
Automobile Body

Case Study of SUV Hatchback: ‘Material-Structure-Process-Performance’ Integration Design and Numerical Verification of Automotive Composite Components

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Ning Kang ◽  
Lijun Li ◽  
Lingyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Rtm Process ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Filling Time ◽  
Torsion Stiffness

Substitution of steel by lightweight resin-matrix composites is an effective way of weight reduction for automobiles. In this paper, an integrated design method involving material property, structural geometry, process formability and resultant performance for automotive composite components is proposed. Referring to the exterior styling and assembly space of original steel reference, the conceptual CAD model is established. For the selected materials, optimization of minimizing the mass is carried out with layer thickness, stacking sequence and dimensions of each composite component as design variables, referring to the regulations requirements on performance of steel benchmark as constraint conditions. Then the resin transfer molding (RTM) process is simulated and optimized to determine the optimal forming parameters. As an example, a SUV hatchback with composite laminate is developed by RTM technique. Finally, the lightweight design of hatchback is achieved under the multiple constraints of static bending, torsion stiffness and vibration frequencies. The results show that the weight of SUV hatchback has been reduced 38.8%, whereas the stiffness and frequency all meet the requirements. When manufacturing with RTM process, the filling time of the final optimized program is 443 s, without any air trap. This instance has validated the effectiveness and feasibility of the integrated design method which is also applicable to other automotive composite components.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

Plastic Deformation in Microtomed Sections

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 458-459
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Applied Stress ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Geometrical Constraints

The output of the ultramicrotomy process with its high strain levels is dependent upon the input, ie., the nature of the material being machined. Apart from the geometrical constraints offered by the rake and clearance faces of the tool, each material is free to deform in whatever manner necessary to satisfy its material structure and interatomic constraints. Noncrystalline materials appear to survive the process undamaged when observed in the TEM. As has been demonstrated however microtomed plastics do in fact suffer damage to the top and bottom surfaces of the section regardless of the sharpness of the cutting edge or the tool material. The energy required to seperate the section from the block is not easily propogated through the section because the material is amorphous in nature and has no preferred crystalline planes upon which defects can move large distances to relieve the applied stress. Thus, the cutting stresses are supported elastically in the internal or bulk and plastically in the surfaces. The elastic strain can be recovered while the plastic strain is not reversible and will remain in the section after cutting is complete.

The Economic Theory of the Firm: A Generalization

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Storchevoy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Boundaries Of The Firm ◽  
Opportunistic Behaviour ◽  
New Variant

The paper deals with development of a general theory of the firm. It discusses the demand for such a theory, reviews existing approaches to its generalization, and offers a new variant of general theory of the firm based on the contract theory. The theory is based on minimization of opportunistic behaviour determined by the material structure of production (a classification of ten structural factors is offered). This framework is applied to the analysis of three boundaries problems (boundaries of the job, boundaries of the unit, boundaries of the firm) and five integration dilemmas (vertical, horizontal, functional, related, and conglomerate).

Material Structure of Microcrystalline Silicon Deposited with an Expanding Thermal Plasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smit ◽  
D.L. Williamson ◽  
M.C.M. van de Sanden ◽  
R.A.C.M.M. van Swaaij
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Plasma Chemistry ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Interaction Time ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Microcrystalline Silicon ◽  
X Ray

AbstractExpanding thermal plasma CVD (ETP CVD) has been used to deposit thin microcrystalline silicon films. In this study we varied the position at which the silane is injected in the expanding hydrogen plasma: relatively far from the substrate and close to the plasma source, giving a long interaction time of the plasma with the silane, and close to the substrate, resulting in a short interaction time. The material structure is studied extensively. The crystalline fractions as obtained from Raman spectroscopy as well as from X-ray diffraction (XRD) vary from 0 to 67%. The average particle sizes vary from 6 to 17 nm as estimated from the (111) XRD peak using the Scherrer formula. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and flotation density measurements indicate void volume fractions of about 4 to 6%. When the samples are tilted the SAXS signal is lower than for the untilted case, indicating elongated objects parallel to the growth direction in the films. We show that the material properties are influenced by the position of silane injection in the reactor, indicating a change in the plasma chemistry.

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