scholarly journals LAND GRABBING FOR AGRO-EXTRACTIVISM IN THE SECOND NEOLIBERAL PHASE IN BRAZIL/Estrangeirização da terra para o agroextrativismo na segunda fase neoliberal no Brasil/ El acaparamiento de tierras para el agro-extractivismo en la segunda fase neoliberal en Brasil

REVISTA NERA ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 208-238
Author(s):  
Bernardo Mançano Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Agrarian Capitalism ◽  
Landless Rural Workers Movement ◽  
Two Phases

Building territorial policies to free lands for national and international corporations to produce large-scale commodities for export, called agro-extractivism is one of the components of the neoliberal agrarian question. In Brazil, in the last thirty years, the agrarian question had two phases: the Neoliberal and the post-neoliberal. These policies intensified the territorial disputes between the agribusiness corporations and the peasant, indigenous and quilombola movements. To better understand these disputes we analyze the new conflicts from the reading of Brazil agrarian and rural Brazil. Through the method of paradigmatic debate, we analyze theoretical and political references for territorial development. Conflictuality is analyzed on a national scale with emphasis on new territory: MATOPIBA, created exclusively for agribusiness, is territorialized and attracts interest from several companies and international financial capital. Another case that we analyze is the conflict between the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and Del Monte Corporation in the territorial dispute in the Apodi plateau in the state of Ceará. We analyze the hegemony of Agrarian capitalism in the neoliberal and post-neoliberal phases and the actions of the peasantry to resist and advance, facing the binomial latifundio-agribusiness. With this article, we contribute to updating the readings on the Brazilian agrarian question.

scholarly journals Universidade, desenvolvimento territorial e educação do campo no Vale do Jaguaribe

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (61) ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Gadelha de Carvalho Carvalho ◽  
José Ernandi Mendes ◽  
Jamira Lopes de Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Education ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
State University ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Landless Rural Workers Movement

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as reverberações, no território do Vale do Jaguaribe, repercutidas desde projetos de educação do campo, desenvolvidos por docentes e estudantes da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), nas dimensões do ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Tendo-se por base as dissertações, monografias e teses de doutorado sobre a região, a partir de 2008, cujos objetos de investigação abordam tanto a educação do campo, quanto o desenvolvimento territorial, e se constituíram a referência de análise do trabalho, constatou-se que as ações de educação do campo em parceria com o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) nesta região, fortaleceram a luta pela terra, a organização política e produtiva. Dessa forma, influenciam no redesenho do território, tanto no que concerne ao fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, da transição agroecológica, do acesso à educação, reverberando no projeto de formação docente e na ampliação da própria Universidade. Palavras chaves: Educação do campo. desenvolvimento territorial. Vale do Jaguaribe. MST. UECE. Abstract This paper aims at analyzing the reverberations, in terms of teaching, research and extracurricular activities, of rural education projects developed in the Vale do Jaguaribe region by teachers and students of the State University of Ceará (UECE). As reference for analysis of the present work served dissertations, monographs and doctoral theses on the region since 2008, with research objects addressing both rural education and territorial development.  As a result it was found that rural education actions in partnership with the local Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) strengthened the struggle for land, as well as the political and productive organization. In this way, they influence the redesign of the territory with regard to boosting family farming, the agroecological transition and access to education, and even reflect on the project of teacher training and the expansion of University itself Keywords: Rural education. territorial development. Jaguaribe Valley. MST. UECE.   Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las reverberaciones, en el territorio de Vale do Jaguaribe, reflejadas a partir de proyectos de educación rural, desarrollados por docentes y estudiantes de la Universidad Estadual de Ceará (UECE), en las dimensiones de docencia, investigación y extensión. Disertaciones, monografías y tesis doctorales sobre la región desde 2008, cuyos objetos de investigación abordan tanto la educación rural como el desarrollo territorial, se convirtieron en referencia de análisis para este artigo. Encontró-se que las acciones de educación rural en alianza con el Movimiento de Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) de la región fortalecieron la lucha por la tierra, así como la organización política y productiva. De esta manera, inciden en el rediseño del territorio en lo que se refiere al estímulo de la agricultura familiar, la transición agroecológica y el acceso a la educación; además, tienen sus repercusiones también en el proyecto de formación docente, y en la expansión de la propia Universidad. Palabras clave: Educación rural; desarrollo territorial; Valle de Jaguaribe; MST; UECE.

Diversionary Politics and Territorial Disputes: Evidence from Turkish Airspace Incursions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Mehrl ◽  
Ioannis Choulis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Interstate Conflict ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Territorial Disputes ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Monthly Data

Abstract Diversionary theories of interstate conflict suggest that domestic problems push leaders to initiate hostilities against foreign foes in order to garner support. However, the empirical support for this proposition is mixed as critics point out that leaders should not start conflicts that can be extremely costly for them, potentially even removing them from office. We propose that while leaders may not initiate new conflicts, they do tap into existing territorial disputes when facing internal disapproval. That is, they engage in material acts of foreign policy showing domestic audiences that they defend or emphasize their country's claim while being unlikely to result in full-scale armed confrontations. To test this claim, we use monthly data, covering the period 2013–2020, on leader approval and incursions into contested airspace from Turkey's long-standing territorial dispute with Greece. Results from time-series models offer support for our expectation.

Russian and US Experience of Territorial Megaprojects

2015 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
V. Batmanova ◽  
A. Zhukov ◽  
I. Mitrofanova ◽  
I. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Territorial Management ◽  
The Government

Phenomenon of the megaprojects as an instrument for the development of territories has not been studied thoroughly by the national economic science. There is lack of integrated, comparative analysis of the creation and the realization of territorial megaprojects in Russia and other countries. Authors of the article have set the goal to fill in this gap. A large scale investment project can obtain the status of the megaproject if it is characterized by a complicated character, high costs, systematic character and relevance of the realized targets. In the modern Russia the reconstruction of the historic territorial megaprojects and the realization of new ones as a relevant tool of the strategic territorial management is becoming the manifestation of contemporary institutional, organizational and informational transformations of the economic space of the global economic system. In contrast to financial investments, megaprojects are oriented on a real material result, having a considerable prolonged impact on the economic space. The authors regard infrastructural megaprojects construction of Transsib and BAM. The reasons of their achievements and failures are studies. The sustainable development of the regions of the Far East and Zabaikalye, the solution of important federal and regional tasks in the use of the resource, industrial and transit potential of the East of the country is connected mainly with the realization of the integrated infrastructural project of BAM’s and Transsib’s reconstruction. The article reveals the plans of the Government of the Russian Federation concerning the modernization of these megaprojects that will increase the capacity of BAM and Transsib by the year 2020 up to 75 million tons a year. The life cycle of the modern megaproject "Ural Industiral – Ural Polar" is revealed. The project was directed at the formation of a new economic skeleton in the Ural Federal District and creation of the prerequisites for the development of its problematic regions. Authors come to conclusion that this megaproject actually failed. It downgraded from a strategically important one into a conglomerate of local investment projects that are not interconnected by a single basic conception. Inevitably, this undermined its complex integration effect. The Olympic project “Sochi 2014” highlights the problem of post-project utilization of objects of territorial megaprojects. Only a few of them can immediately serve as drivers of regional economic complex. Others mostly generate losses. A set of policies and special measures of the regional authorities is needed to turn them profitable. The article also touches upon the American experience of megaprojects of the territorial development (Tennessee Valley Authority, Appalachian Regional Commission). Authors insist that analysis of the American experience can help the modernization of the strategic territorial management in Russia.

scholarly journals Self-Adaptive K-Means Based on a Covering Algorithm

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhou ◽  
Xing Guo ◽  
Jintao Wu ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Selection Of

The K-means algorithm is one of the ten classic algorithms in the area of data mining and has been studied by researchers in numerous fields for a long time. However, the value of the clustering number k in the K-means algorithm is not always easy to be determined, and the selection of the initial centers is vulnerable to outliers. This paper proposes an improved K-means clustering algorithm called the covering K-means algorithm (C-K-means). The C-K-means algorithm can not only acquire efficient and accurate clustering results but also self-adaptively provide a reasonable numbers of clusters based on the data features. It includes two phases: the initialization of the covering algorithm (CA) and the Lloyd iteration of the K-means. The first phase executes the CA. CA self-organizes and recognizes the number of clusters k based on the similarities in the data, and it requires neither the number of clusters to be prespecified nor the initial centers to be manually selected. Therefore, it has a “blind” feature, that is, k is not preselected. The second phase performs the Lloyd iteration based on the results of the first phase. The C-K-means algorithm combines the advantages of CA and K-means. Experiments are carried out on the Spark platform, and the results verify the good scalability of the C-K-means algorithm. This algorithm can effectively solve the problem of large-scale data clustering. Extensive experiments on real data sets show that the accuracy and efficiency of the C-K-means algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms under both sequential and parallel conditions.

scholarly journals Learning for Teaching: Building Professional Knowledge on a National Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hartnell-Young
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
School Communities ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Structure Sociale ◽  
Under Performing

This paper takes a large-scale social perspective in describing a national project in Australia that was premised on local school communities working together and contributing ideas for the benefit of their students, and potentially, the whole country. The project was intended to improve schools’ capacity for educating boys, and in the long-term, the learning outcomes of under-performing boys, using evidence-based and action research methods. It was supported by the web spaces and tools of the National Quality Schooling Framework and Think.com. This paper emphasises the structures and processes teachers engaged in while building knowledge through their daily work, where the resulting ideas became the property of the whole community. Analyses focus on the extent to which an underlying social structure for knowledge building developed in various parts of the nation during the project, making it possible to characterize a process for innovations in education with commitment to continual idea improvement. Résumé Le présent article adopte une perspective sociale à grande échelle pour décrire un projet national en Australie fondé sur la collaboration des communautés scolaires locales et leur contribution d’idées au bénéfice de leurs élèves et, éventuellement, de l’ensemble du pays. Le projet avait pour but de rendre les écoles plus aptes à éduquer les garçons et, à long terme, d’améliorer les résultats d’apprentissage des garçons qui sous-performent à l’aide de méthodes de recherche-action fondées sur des données probantes. Il a bénéficié du soutien des espaces et des outils Web du National Quality Schooling Framework et de Think.com. Le présent article met l’accent sur les structures et les processus que les enseignants ont utilisés dans leur travail quotidien pour la coélaboration de connaissances; les idées qui en ont résulté sont par la suite devenues la propriété de l’ensemble de la communauté. Les analyses portent principalement sur la mesure dans laquelle une structure sociale sous-jacente de coélaboration des connaissances s’est développée en différents endroits de la nation au cours du projet, ce qui rend possible la caractérisation d’un processus d’innovation en éducation avec un engagement envers l’amélioration continue.

scholarly journals An Efficient Partition-Based Approach to Identify and Scatter Multiple Relevant Spreaders in Complex Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Yanez-Sierra ◽  
Arturo Diaz-Perez ◽  
Victor Sosa-Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Large Scale Networks ◽  
Spreading Processes

One of the main problems in graph analysis is the correct identification of relevant nodes for spreading processes. Spreaders are crucial for accelerating/hindering information diffusion, increasing product exposure, controlling diseases, rumors, and more. Correct identification of spreaders in graph analysis is a relevant task to optimally use the network structure and ensure a more efficient flow of information. Additionally, network topology has proven to play a relevant role in the spreading processes. In this sense, more of the existing methods based on local, global, or hybrid centrality measures only select relevant nodes based on their ranking values, but they do not intentionally focus on their distribution on the graph. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method that takes advantage of the underlying graph topology to guarantee that the selected nodes are not only relevant but also well-scattered. Our proposal also suggests how to define the number of spreaders to select. The approach is composed of two phases: first, graph partitioning; and second, identification and distribution of relevant nodes. We have tested our approach by applying the SIR spreading model over nine real complex networks. The experimental results showed more influential and scattered values for the set of relevant nodes identified by our approach than several reference algorithms, including degree, closeness, Betweenness, VoteRank, HybridRank, and IKS. The results further showed an improvement in the propagation influence value when combining our distribution strategy with classical metrics, such as degree, outperforming computationally more complex strategies. Moreover, our proposal shows a good computational complexity and can be applied to large-scale networks.

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