The Effect of Sound and Vibration on Postural Balance in Healthy Young Adults

Postural balance is influenced by alteration of somatosensory inputs. Sound and vibratory senses, one of several human senses may assist the postural control in a specific impaired situation. The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the effect of sound and vibration on postural balance in healthy young adults. Ten healthy young subjects volunteered to participate in the study. The average age, weight, height, and body mass index were 21.88 ± 0.42 years, 56.21 ± 9.80 kg, 159.75 ± 5.20 cm, and 21.99 ± 3.52 kg/m2. They were assessed for standing postural balance on a force plate over 6 conditions of sound and vibration applications under vision was excluded by using a blindfold. Postural balance variables consisted of planar deviation of Center of Pressure (CoP) and the maximum ranges of CoP in the medio-lateral (ML) and antero-posterior (AP) directions. Two-way ANOVA was used to find the effect and interaction effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables. Further analyses of the variables were performed on a basis of each factor. Between sound conditions (no sound and open sound), the variables were analyzed by the paired t-test. In addition, the effect of vibration (no vibration, vibration on quadriceps, and vibration on gastrocnemius) on the variables were analyzed by the one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Results demonstrated no interaction effect and main effect of sound and vibration on the postural balance variables (p > 0.05). In addtion, no significant difference of the postural balance variables between sound conditions (p > 0.05) as well as among vibration conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, sound and vibration did not effect to the postural balance during standing in healty young adults.

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Comparison of Postural Sway, Plantar Cutaneous Sensation According to Saccadic Eye Movement Frequency in Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7067

Author(s):

Youngsook Bae

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Force Plate ◽

Saccadic Eye Movement ◽

Cutaneous Sensation ◽

Plantar Surface ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Movement Frequency

The crossover trial study aimed to identify the saccadic eye movement (SEM) frequency to improve postural sway (PS) and plantar cutaneous sensation (PUS) in young adults. The 17 participants randomly performed 0.5-, 2-, and 3-Hz SEM. The SEM frequency was determined to allow the target to appear once per 2 s (0.5 Hz), twice per second (2 Hz), or thrice per second (3 Hz). SEM performance time was 3 min with a washout period of 5 min. PS and PUS were measured at baseline and during 0.5-Hz, 2-Hz, and 3-Hz SEMs using a Zebris FDM 1.5 force plate. PS was determined by measuring the sway area, path length, and speed of center of pressure (COP) displacement, and PUS was determined via the plantar surface area (PSA). In PS parameters, there was a significant difference among the SEM frequencies in the COPsway area PSAleft foot and PSAright foot. Compared to that at baseline, COPsway area decreased at 0.5 Hz and 2 Hz, while PSAleft foot and PSAright foot increased at 2 Hz. These results suggest that 2 Hz SEM may improve PS and PSA.

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Postural Instability after Stepping on a Stair in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112411885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 11885

Author(s):

Hyokeun Lee ◽

Kyungseok Byun

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Young Adults ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Force Plate ◽

Motion Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Posterior Direction ◽

Study Participants

This study aimed to examine how older adults (OA) control their postural stability after stepping on a stair in comparison to young adults (YA). Ten OA and 10 YA participated in this study. Participants ascended a single stair (15 cm high by 30 cm wide) which was secured atop one of the force plates. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and center of pressure (COP) motion data were obtained from the force plate under the stair. After standing on the stair with both feet, GRFs and COP data for a 3 s duration were analyzed to assess postural variables, including time to stabilization (TTS), COP velocity (COPVEL), and COP sway area (COPSWAY). A significant difference in TTS in the anterior–posterior direction between OA and YA (p = 0.032) was observed, indicating that OA had difficulty stabilizing their body posture after the stair ascent compared to YA. For COP postural variables, no significant differences in COPVEL (p = 0.455) and COPSWAY (p = 0.176) were observed between OA and YA. Study findings indicate that older adults have less capacity to regain postural stability compared to young adults following a challenging dynamic movement.

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Evaluation of the postural balance and visual perception in young adults with acute sleep deprivation

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-200778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 383-391

Author(s):

Isa Tuncay Batuk ◽

Merve Ozbal Batuk ◽

Songul Aksoy

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Vestibular System ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Perception Time ◽

Visual Acuity Test ◽

Acute Sleep Deprivation ◽

Acuity Test

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Few studies have suggested a relationship between vestibular system and sleep deprivation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting 24 hours or more on the postural balance and the visual abilities related to the vestibular system in healthy young adults. METHODS: Thirty-one healthy young adults (8 males, 23 female; ages 18– 36 years) who had experienced at least 24 hours of sleep deprivation were included in the study. Subjects made two visits to the test laboratory. One visit was scheduled during a sleep deprivation (SD) condition, and the other was scheduled during a daily life (DL) condition. Five tests— the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Static Visual Acuity Test (SVA), Minimum Perception Time Test (mPT), Dynamic Visual Acuity Test (DVA), and Gaze Stabilization Test (GST)— were performed using a Computerized Dynamic Posturography System. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between SD and DL measurements in somatosensorial (p = 0.003), visual (p = 0.037), vestibular (p = 0.008) ratios, and composite scores (p = 0.001) in SOT. The mPT results showed a statistically significant difference between SD and DL conditions (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between SD and DL conditions in the comparison of the mean SVA (p = 0.466), DVA (p = 0.192), and GST head velocity values (p = 0.160). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation has a considerable impact on the vestibular system and visual perception time in young adults. Increased risk of accidents and performance loss after SD were thought to be due to the postural control and visual processing parameters rather than dynamic visual parameters of the vestibular system.

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Comparison of postural balance between professional tae kwon do athletes and young adults

Fisioterapia e Pesquisa ◽

10.1590/1809-2950/45021022014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucas Maciel Rabello ◽

Christiane de Souza Guerino Macedo ◽

André Wilson Gil ◽

Marcio Rogério de Oliveira ◽

Vinícius Arantes Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postural Balance ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Force Platform ◽

Adult Group ◽

Tae Kwon Do ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Single Leg Stance ◽

Postural Assessment

This study aimed to compare the postural balance of professional tae kwon do athletes with a non-tae kwon do adult group. Nineteen participants (nine tae kwon do practitioners and ten non-tae kwon do practitioners) were tested. To measure the postural sway, a force platform was used and the equipment recorded the main parameters: area of center of pressure; mean frequency, and velocity of center of pressure for both anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were measured for all participants. Before starting the assessment, the subjects received instructions and performed familiarization with the equipment and protocol. Participants were instructed to carry out three balance tests on a single-leg stance position with eyes opened. Values obtained in the postural assessment of professional athletes with the force platform were lower for all parameters compared to non-practitioners, except the frequency of center of pressure in the mediolateral direction. However, a significant difference (p=0.021) between the groups was found only in the center of pressure velocity parameter in the anteroposterior direction. These results have any implications on sport rehabilitation programs for balance assessments in athletes.

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Postural balance in low back pain patients: Intra-session reliability of center of pressure on a portable force platform and of the one leg stand test

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.04.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas Maribo ◽

Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen ◽

Lone Donbæk Jensen ◽

Niels Trolle Andersen ◽

Berit Schiøttz-Christensen

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Force Platform ◽

Low Back ◽

Stand Test ◽

The One ◽

Pain Patients

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Static Balance in Patients with Vestibular Impairments: A Preliminary Study

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2016/6539858 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hossein Talebi ◽

Mohammad Taghi Karimi ◽

Seyed Hamid Reza Abtahi ◽

Niloofar Fereshtenejad

Keyword(s):

Path Length ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Balance Control ◽

Force Plate ◽

Static Balance ◽

Eyes Closed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Age Limits ◽

The Difference

Aims. Vestibular system is indicated as one of the most important sensors responsible for static and dynamic postural control. In this study, we evaluated static balance in patients with unilateral vestibular impairments.Materials and Methods. We compared static balance control using Kistler force plate platform between 10 patients with unilateral vestibular impairments and 20 normal counterparts in the same sex ratio and age limits (50±7). We evaluated excursion and velocity of center of pressure (COP) and path length in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) planes with eyes open and with eyes closed.Results. There was no significant difference between COP excursions in ML and AP planes between both groups with eyes open and eyes closed (pvalue > 0.05). In contrast, the difference between velocity and path length of COP in the mentioned planes was significant between both groups with eyes open and eyes closed (pvalue < 0.05).Conclusions. The present study showed the static instability and balance of patients with vestibular impairments indicated by the abnormal characteristics of body balance.

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The Effectiveness of Sandplay Therapy to Improve Students’ Self-Esteem: A Preliminary Study in Brunei Darul Salam

Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology ◽

10.5539/jedp.v9n1p23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Azizi Yahaya ◽

Ismail Maakip ◽

Peter Voo ◽

Sharon Kwan Sam Mee ◽

Khairiah Hanna Kifli

Keyword(s):

Self Esteem ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Control Group ◽

Social Self ◽

Sandplay Therapy ◽

Brunei Darussalam ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Main Effect ◽

Post Test ◽

Experimental Group

Purpose: This research was conducted to identify the effectiveness of sandplay therapy to improve students’ self-esteem among students. Methods: The sample was 16 students for experimental group, who received sandplay therapy, in comparison to the 16 students from control group who did not receive any treatment intervention. The instrument used in this research was Self-Esteem Inventory developed by Coopersmith. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 using Manova Repeated Measure Method, pre-test and post-test instruments. Results: The results from multivariate Pillai’s Trace test shows the main effect of the sandplay therapy from the post-test is significant F (5, 11) = 41.372, p<.05. The univariate shows that there is significant difference of the sandplay therapy to the general self-esteem F (1, 15) = 49.853 α<.05, social self-esteem F (1, 15) = 63.646 α<.05, parental self-esteem F (1, 15) = 82.924 α<.05 and academic self-esteem F (1, 15) = 80.071 α<.05. Conclusions: Sandplay therapy can be used in school to help students improve their self-esteem. Given this, one of the issues relating to adolescents is low self-esteem. Therefore, by applying sandplay therapy can minimize the issue surrounding low self-esteem among adolescents particularly in Brunei Darussalam However, since limited study on the usage of this kind of therapy, it is suggested that further study on the applicability of this therapy should be conducted.

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Center of pressure-based postural sway differences on parallel and single leg stance in Olympic deaf basketball and volleyball players

Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation ◽

10.12965/jer.2142558.279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 418-427

Author(s):

Yücel Makaracı ◽

Recep Soslu ◽

Ömer Özer ◽

Abdullah Uysal

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Postural Stability ◽

Postural Sway ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Force Plate ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Single Leg Stance ◽

Volleyball Players

In sports such as basketball and volleyball, loss of balance due to the inability to maintain body stability and lack of postural control adversely affect athletic performance. Deaf athletes appear to struggle with balance and postural stability problems. The purpose of this study was to examine postural sway values in parallel and single leg stance of Olympic deaf basketball and volleyball players and reveal differences between the branches. Twenty-three male athletes from the Turkish national deaf basketball (n= 11) and volleyball (n= 12) teams participated in the study. After anthropometric measurements, the subjects completed postural sway (PS) tests in parallel/single leg stances with open eyes and closed eyes on a force plate. PS parameters (sway path, velocity, and area) obtained from the device software were used for the statistical analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare differences in PS parameters between basketball and volleyball players, and the alpha value was accepted as 0.05. Volleyball players had significantly better results in parallel stance and dominant leg PS values than basketball players (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in nondominant leg PS values (P>0.05). We think that proprioceptive and vestibular system enhancing training practices to be performed with stability exercises will be beneficial in terms of both promoting functional stability and interlimb coordination. Trainers and strength coaches should be aware of differences in the postural control mechanism of deaf athletes.

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Acute Effects of Single- Versus Double-Leg Postactivation Potentiation on Postural Balance of Older Women: An Age-Matched Controlled Study

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2019-0314 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ilha G. Fernandes ◽

Matheus A. Souza ◽

Matheus L. Oliveira ◽

Bianca Miarka ◽

Michelle A. Barbosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Path Length ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Postactivation Potentiation ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Balance Test ◽

The One ◽

Single Versus

Aims: To compare the postactivation potentiation effects of isometric contraction until failure in double- and single-leg tasks on older women’s balance. Methods: The one-legged balance test was performed before and immediately after a rise-to-toes task until the task failure. Older women were divided into two groups: a group performed the task with double leg (n = 43) and the other group with single-leg support (n = 55). Results: The single-leg group showed slower velocity of sway post rise-to-toes task (pre = 4.02 ± 1; post = 3.78 ± 1.15 m/s; p = .04) without differences for the center of pressure path length (pre = 79 ± 21; post = 75 ± 23 cm; p = .08). In the double-leg group, faster velocity of sway (pre = 4 ± 1.22; post = 4.25 ± 1.13; p = .03) and increased center of pressure path length (pre = 80 ± 24; post = 85 ± 23 cm; p = .03) were observed after the task. Conclusions: The single-leg group showed improved balance outcomes due to postactivation potentiation, while the double-leg group showed worsened balance consistent with muscle fatigue.

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Smartphone Use and Postural Balance in Healthy Young Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093307 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3307 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roxana Ramona Onofrei ◽

Elena Amaricai ◽

Oana Suciu ◽

Vlad Laurentiu David ◽

Andreea Luciana Rata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Path Length ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Text Message ◽

Metatarsal Head ◽

Balance Performance ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Maintaining an upright posture while talking or texting on the phone is a frequent dual-task demand. Using a within-subjects design, the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of a smartphone conversation or message texting on standing plantar pressure and postural balance performance in healthy young adults. Thirty-five subjects (mean age 21.37 ± 1.11 years) were included in this study. Simultaneous foot plantar pressure and stabilometric analysis were performed using the PoData system, under three conditions: no phone (control), talking on a smartphone (talk) and texting and sending a text message via a smartphone (text). Stabilometric parameters (center of pressure (CoP) path length, 90% confidence area and maximum CoP speed) were significantly affected by the use of different smartphone functions (p < 0.0001). The CoP path length and maximum CoP speed were significantly higher under the talk and text conditions when compared to the control. CoP path length, 90% confidence area and maximum CoP speed were significantly increased in talk compared to text and control. Talking on the phone also influenced the weight distribution on the left foot first metatarsal head and heel as compared with message texting. Postural stability in healthy young adults was significantly affected by talking and texting on a smartphone. Talking on the phone proved to be more challenging.

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