scholarly journals Diversity of Adult Caddisfly (Trichoptera) in Two Intermittent Streams During Dry Season in Phayao Province, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthit NUNTAKWANG ◽  
Decha THAPANYA ◽  
Harkan BOZDOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Intermittent Streams ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
The University

The effect of anthropogenic activities on natural intermittent stream and diversity of adult caddisfly were studied at the University of Phayao, Thailand. The caddisfly adults were collected monthly from 2 intermittent streams (the Huai Thub Chang and Huai Luang streams) from February to May 2015 (cool-dry to hot-dry season) using a black-light trap. Huai Thub Chang stream received wastewater from the oxidation pond, while Huai Luang stream was affected by an agricultural field of the university. Both streams are located in a deciduous forest. The 14 species of 7 families were collected and identified. Cheumatopsyche lucida (Hydropsychidae) and Leptocerus dirghachuka (Leptoceridae) were found in both streams. C. lucida was the most abundant species. Micrasema turbo, Amphipsyche meridiana, C. globosa, Diplectrona lavinia, Macrostemum dohrni, Marilia sumatrana, and Wormaldia relicta were found only in Huai Thub Chang stream, whereas C. dhanikari, Lepidostoma doligung and Chimarra toga were found only in Huai Luang stream. A high number of C. lucida in both streams from February to April reflected a drought effect on the emergence of the caddisflies. Huai Thub Chang stream had a higher diversity of Trichoptera species than Huai Luang stream because of the variety of substrate types which were suited for the larval stage, especially hydropsychids.

scholarly journals A reconstruction of the recent fire regimes of Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, using remote sensing

Fire Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem A. Nieman ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Alison J. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Wildlife Reserve

Abstract Background Fire is an important process that shapes the structure and functioning of African savanna ecosystems, and managers of savanna protected areas use fire to achieve ecosystem goals. Developing appropriate fire management policies should be based on an understanding of the determinants, features, and effects of prevailing fire regimes, but this information is rarely available. In this study, we report on the use of remote sensing to develop a spatially explicit dataset on past fire regimes in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, between 2001 and 2019. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to evaluate the recent fire regime for two distinct vegetation types in Majete Wildlife Reserve, namely savanna and miombo. Additionally, a comparison was made between MODIS and Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) images by separately evaluating selected aspects of the fire regime between 2012 and 2019. Results Mean fire return intervals were four and six years for miombo and savanna vegetation, respectively, but the distribution of fire return intervals was skewed, with a large proportion of the area burning annually or biennially, and a smaller proportion experiencing much longer fire return intervals. Variation in inter-annual rainfall also resulted in longer fire return intervals during cycles of below-average rainfall. Fires were concentrated in the hot-dry season despite a management intent to restrict burning to the cool-dry season. Mean fire intensities were generally low, but many individual fires had intensities of 14 to 18 times higher than the mean, especially in the hot-dry season. The VIIRS sensors detected many fires that were overlooked by the MODIS sensors, as images were collected at a finer scale. Conclusions Remote sensing has provided a useful basis for reconstructing the recent fire regime of Majete Wildlife Reserve, and has highlighted a current mismatch between intended fire management goals and actual trends. Managers should re-evaluate fire policies based on our findings, setting clearly defined targets for the different vegetation types and introducing flexibility to accommodate natural variation in rainfall cycles. Local evidence of the links between fires and ecological outcomes will require further research to improve fire planning.

Tree-Ring Formation, Radial Increment Periodicity, and Phenology of Tree Species from a Seasonal Semi-Deciduous Forest in Southeast Brazil

IAWA Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio S. Lisi ◽  
Mário Tomazello Fo ◽  
Paulo C. Botosso ◽  
Fidel A. Roig ◽  
Vivian R.B. Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Southeast Brazil

Many tropical tree species produce growth rings in response to seasonal environmental factors that influence the activity of the vascular cambium. We applied the following methods to analyze the annual nature of treering formation of 24 tree species from a seasonal semi-deciduous forest of southeast Brazil: describing wood anatomy and phenology, counting tree rings after cambium markings, and using permanent dendrometer bands. After 7 years of systematic observations and measurements, we found the following: the trees lost their leaves during the dry season and grew new leaves at the end of the same season; trunk increment dynamics corresponded to seasonal changes in precipitation, with higher increment (active period) during the rainy season (October–April) and lower increment (dormant period) during the dry season (May–September); the number of tree rings formed after injuries to the cambium coincided with the number of years since the extraction of the wood samples. As a result of these observations, it was concluded that most study trees formed one growth ring per year. This suggests that tree species from the seasonal semi-deciduous forests of Brazil have an annual cycle of wood formation. Therefore, these trees have potential for use in future studies of tree age and radial growth rates, as well as to infer ecological and regional climatic conditions. These future studies can provide important information for the management and conservation of these endangered forests.

Effects of melatonin on cloacal temperature and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in layer hens during the hot-dry season

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Olusegun Sinkalu ◽  
Joseph Olusegun Ayo ◽  
Ariyo Adelaja Abimbola ◽  
Josiah Egbamushe Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Layer Hens

scholarly journals Species of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Sérgio Roberto Rodrigues ◽  
Anderson Puker
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Ecological Role ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Family ◽  
Total Capture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Coleoptera of the family Geotrupidae play an important ecological role in the decomposition of animal and plant organic matter. In Brazil there is little information on the diversity and distribution of this group, thus, this work had a purpose to study Geotrupidae species, occurring in Aquidauana, MS. A survey for geotrupids was conducted in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Beetles were captured using a light trap over a period of two years, from January 2006 to December 2007. A total of 907 specimens were collected and identified to eight species. From the subfamily Bolboceratinae, the species identified were Bolbapium minutum (Luederwaldt, 1929) and Pereirabolbus castaneus (Klug, 1845). In the subfamily Athyreinae the species identified were Athyreus bilobus Howden & Martínez, 1978, Parathyreus aff. bahiae, Neoathyreus aff. julietae, N. sexdentatus Laporte, 1840, N. centromaculatus (Felsche, 1909) and N. goyasensis (Boucomont, 1902). Four species (A. bilobus, N. centromaculatus, N. goyasensis and P. castaneus) are reported for the first time in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil. The most abundant species, representing 85.9% of the total capture, was B. minutum. The greatest numbers of specimens was caught from October to December of both years of the study.

Dry Season Den Use by Pygmy Spotted Skunk (Spilogale pygmaea) in a Tropical Deciduous Forest of Mexico

Biotropica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette Cantú-Salazar ◽  
Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart ◽  
Carlos A. López-González ◽  
Alberto González-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Den Use

scholarly journals Sunflower response to inoculation with single and mixed species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Agronomic characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Mazen IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Mycorrhizal Dependency ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

The impact of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on agronomic characteristics of sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em> L.) was evaluated in a pot experiment. The indigenous AMF, including <em>Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae</em>, and <em>Glomus viscosum</em>, were isolated from an agricultural field in which cotton and sunflower plants were grown. The most abundant species (<em>G. viscosum</em>) was multiplied in a monospecific culture. Sunflower plants were inoculated with the mixture of three selected AMF species or solely with <em>G. viscosum</em>. The number of leaves, shoot length, head diameter, above ground biomass, and seeds mass were significantly higher in the plant inoculated with AMF mixture followed by individual inoculation with <em>G. viscosum</em> followed by the control. AMF mixture outperformed the <em>G. viscosumby</em> increasing mycorrhizal dependency and mycorrhizal inoculation effect of sunflower. The results indicate that AMF mixture could be considered as a good inoculum for improving growth and yield of sunflower in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Influence of sex, reproductive status and foetal number on erythrocyte osmotic fragility, haematological and physiologic parameters in goats during the hot-dry season

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Habibu ◽  
MU Kawu ◽  
HJ Makun ◽  
T. Aluwong ◽  
LS Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

The current study was aimed at evaluating the effect of heat stress (during the hot-dry period) on some physiological variables, haematology and erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) in bucks, pregnant (single and twin) and lactating Red Sokoto (RS) goats. Forty apparently healthy adult goats were used for the study and were allotted to four groups [bucks (n = 10), pregnant (n = 10) dry (n = 10), and lactating (n = 10) does]. The pregnant goats were further re-grouped according to number of foetuses (single foetus, n = 5 and twins, n = 5). The temperature-humidity index and physiological variables measured were significantly higher in the afternoon compared to morning hours. Pregnant does had higher respiratory and pulse rates than the dry does, but no significant change (P &gt; 0.05) in rectal temperature was observed between groups. On the basis of sex, bucks had lower (P &lt; 0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than other groups, in addition to having higher (P &lt; 0.01) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and total leucocyte counts than dry does. Pregnant does exhibited significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) packed cell volume, but significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) MCH and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) than lactating does. Does with a single foetus had significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) MCV, but higher MCHC than does with twin pregnancies. Using EOF as a biomarker of oxidative stress, erythrocytes of bucks were significantly more resistant to hypotonic haemolysis than those of dry, pregnant and lactating does, with no significant difference in EOF between does of different groups. The erythrocytes of single and twin pregnancies showed similar haemolysis pattern. In conclusion, sex, lactation, and the number of foetuses carried by pregnant does significantly influences physiological and haematological variables in RS goats during the hot-dry season. Also, during heat stress, the changes in physiological variables seem to enhance favourable adaptation by preventing an increase in rectal temperature even in twin pregnancies. &nbsp;

Spacing behaviour and habitat use of axis deer (Axis axis) in lowland Nepal

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1735-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stein R. Moe ◽  
Per Wegge
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Axis Axis ◽  
Hot Dry Season ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Axis Deer

A total of 17 axis deer (Axis axis) (12 females, 5 males) were radio-instrumented in Bardia National Park in lowland Nepal, and 1921 locations of females and 605 locations of males were obtained during the 2-year study period. Both the annual home ranges (135 ± 33 and 204 ± 38 (SD) ha for females and males, respectively) and the seasonal home ranges were quite small compared with those reported in another study in Nepal. We present evidence that this difference is due to a more fine-grained habitat mosaic in Bardia. Males used larger areas than females in the monsoon and the hot part of the dry season. The deer were sedentary, with a mean seasonal home range overlap between 49 and 86%, and seasonal occupancy centres were all located less than 1300 m apart. Mean seasonal home range size (68 and 110 ha for females and males, respectively) was smallest in the cool part of the dry season. The rutting period did not seem to have any major effect on the ranging behaviour, as neither males nor females increased home range size from the pre-rut to the rutting period. The deer used riverine forest preferentially during the cool-dry and hot-dry seasons, whereas sal forest was the preferred habitat during the monsoon and the cool-dry season. Grasslands were preferentially utilized by females at night during the hot-dry season, presumably because of improved forage quality following cutting and burning. Males were more associated with riverine and sal forest than were females, while females used grassland areas more than males did.

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