scholarly journals Preliminaries of the Decay of Metals versus Petroleum Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Initial Hardness ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Petroleum Oils

Petroleum oils are predominantly made of various hydrocarbons with trace compounds including corrosive aided compounds that basically known as the salts, organic acids and various forms of sulfur. The scope of the current research was based on the investigations of the effect of salts, organic, elemental sulfur and Mercaptans of crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals that important in the industry of crude oil refining. As the procedure the important corrosive properties of two different selected crude oils and the chemical compositions of the selected ferrous metals were analyzed by the standard instruments and methods. There were determined the corrosion rates of prepared metal coupons from selected ferrous metals with the similar dimensions after certain immersion time periods with respect to both crude oils by the weight loss method while analyzing the corroded metal surfaces through the microscope also simultaneously analyzed the decayed metallic elemental concentrations from metals into crude oils and the variations of initial hardness of the metals. As the foremost outcomes of the existing analysis there were obtained the significantly lower corrosion rates from stainless steels which are having at least 12% of chromium with sufficient amount if nickel, relatively higher corrosive impact from salts especially at the lower temperatures, formations of ferrous sulfides, ferrous oxides, corrosion cracks and pitting corrosion, significantly decay of copper from Monel metal, higher decay of ferrous from some of carbon steels and slight reductions of the initial hardness of metals after the formations of the corrosion on the metal surfaces.

scholarly journals Drastic corrosive coliation of petroleum oils and the decay of metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Initial Hardness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Petroleum Oils

In the industry of petroleum oil refining industry the term of corrosion is frequently applicable regarding the several incidents because of the corrosiveness of petroleum oils due to the presence of trace corrosive compounds in such petroleum oils since the occurrences. Usually the corrosion is the results of chemical or electrochemical process of metals when it is exposing to the corrosive environment. The investigations of the impact of the organic acids, salts, elemental sulfur and the Mercaptans on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals and the analysis of the nature of the corrosion between these materials were the objectives of the existing research. The relevant corrosive properties of two different types of selected crude oils and the chemical compositions of selected seven different types of ferrous metals were tested by the standard methods and instruments. A batch of similar sized metal coupons was immersed in both crude oil samples separately as three homogeneous metal coupons per each crude oil container. In order of after 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion the corrosion rates of such metal coupons were determined by the weight loss method as three sets of samples while observing the corroded metal surfaces through an optical microscope. In addition, the decay of ferrous and copper from metals into crude oils while the interaction and the deductions of the initial hardness of metals were tested. As the basic investigations there were observed the relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels, relatively higher impact from salts on the metallic corrosion at lower temperatures, formations of FeS, Fe2O3, corrosion cracks and pitting, significant decays of ferrous and copper from some metals and the slight reductions of the initial hardness of metals after the interaction with the petroleum oils.

scholarly journals The influences of the crude oils on the decay of metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
The Impact

Crude oils are the essential resources for the usages of industrial purposes in various forms and the refining is a key process of separating the mixture of raw crude oils. In the existing research there were expected to investigate the impact of salts, organic acids, mercaptans and elemental sulfur of crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals in both qualitatively and quantitatively. The chemical compositions of such selected ferrous metals and the above mentioned corrosive properties of two different types of crude oils were measured by the standard instruments and methodologies. A set of similar sized metal coupons were prepared from seven different types of metals and the corrosion rates of such metals were determined by the relative weight loss method. In addition, that the corroded metal surfaces were analyzed under the microscope, decayed metal concentrations and deductions of the initial hardness of metal coupons were measured. According to the obtained results that there were observed the lower corrosion rates from stainless steels with at least 12% of chromium and nickel, higher corrosive impact from salt, formations of FeS, Fe2O3, corrosion cracks and pitting corrosion.

Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that  highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

scholarly journals THE STRENGTH OF CORROSIVE PROPERTIES OF CRUDE OILS ON FERROUS METALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K. Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Different Types

Crude oil is an unrivaled earth resource for the most of industrial applications. In the refining process of crude oil, ferrous metals play a severe role against the harsh environment while confronting adverse influences of crude oils such as the corrosion of ferrous metals. The formation of metal oxides, sulfides, hydroxides or any compound related with carboxylic group on the metal surface is known as the corrosion also mainly depends on the sulfur content, acidity, salt content and mercaptans content of relevant crude oils as well as the chemical composition of the metal. In this research it was expected to speculate the effect of such corrosive properties of Murban and Das Blend crude oils on seven different types of ferrous metals which are used in crude oil refining industry of Sri Lanka. The sulfur content, salt content, acidity and mercaptans content of each crude oil were determined by the succession of XRF analyzer, analyzer of salt and titration methods. A range of similar sized pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in both crude oils separately and their corrosion rates were determined after 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion by the weight loss method while observing the corroded metal surfaces under the optical microscope. The metallic concentrations in both crude oil samples after the experiment were tested by the AAS. It was found that the higher content of sulfur, acidity, mercaptans and lower content of salt in the Das blend than the Murban. According to the corrosion rates of metals, four types of metals showed higher rate of corrosion in Murban while other metals are showing higher corrosion rate in Das blend also higher metallic concentrations were obtained from Murban crude oil samples than Das Blend crude oil samples in the analysis of the AAS.

scholarly journals Essential Stuffs for the Cause of Metallic Corrosion in Mineral Oils

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metallic Corrosion ◽  
The Impact

Metallic corrosion is a prominent interrogation regarding most of industries and even small scale applications of ferrous metals since the corrosion process is modified by some specific compounds which have been found from the natural environment. Mineral oil is a chemical compound that more prone to cause the metallic corrosion due to some specific corrosive properties of mineral oils. There were expected to enquire the impact of two different types of mineral oils on the corrosion rate of seven different types of ferrous metals. According to the methodology of the research the chemical compositions of ferrous metals, foremost corrosive properties of both mineral oils, corrosion rates of similar sized metal coupons after certain time period, qualitative analysis of the corrosion, decay of metals into the mineral oils during the corrosion and the variations of the hardness of metal coupons due to the corrosion were tested by standard methods and instruments. The lower corrosion rates from stainless steels in both mineral oils were obtained as the inceptive results of the experiment with a few of another confirmation observation regarding each investigation.

scholarly journals Comparing Crude Oils with Different API Gravities on a Molecular Level Using Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Part 1: Whole Crude Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandyson Santos ◽  
Alberto Wisniewski Jr. ◽  
Marcos Eberlin ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Different ionization techniques based on different principles have been applied for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of crude oils providing composition profiles. Such profiles have been used to infer a number of crude oil properties. We have tested the ability of two major atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)), in conjunction with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The ultrahigh resolution and accuracy measurements of FT-ICR MS allow for the correlation of mass spectrometric (MS) data with crude oil American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities, which is a major quality parameter used to guide crude oil refining, and represents a value of the density of a crude oil. The double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution as a function of the classes of constituents, as well as the carbon numbers as measured by the carbon number distributions, were examined to correlate the API gravities of heavy, medium, and light crude oils with molecular FT-ICR MS data. An aromaticity tendency was found to directly correlate the FT-ICR MS data with API gravities, regardless of the ionization technique used. This means that an analysis on the molecular level can explain the differences between a heavy and a light crude oil on the basis of the aromaticity of the compounds in different classes. This tendency of FT-ICR MS with all three techniques, namely, ESI(+), ESI(−), and APPI(+), indicates that the molecular composition of the constituents of crude oils is directly associated with API gravity.

scholarly journals The effect of volatile organic acids and CO2 on the corrosion rate of carbon steel from a Top-of-Line-Corrosion (TLC) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
S B Gjertsen ◽  
A Palencsar ◽  
M Seiersten ◽  
T H Hemmingsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.

scholarly journals HEAT RESISTANT BUILDING ENVELOPES MADE OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF POROUS GRANULAR WASTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Galitskov ◽  
S. A. Mizuryaev ◽  
A. G. Chiknovoryan
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Crystallographic Analysis ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
High Thermal Resistance ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

The paper focuses on building envelopes for industrial thermal generating units, their efficiency and its increase. Building envelopes made of lightweight heat-resistant concretes are considered most effective from the point of their building construction, maintenance, repair and cost-effectiveness. One of the unresolved problems here is that porous granular materials suitable for use as concrete fillers operating at temperatures over 1000 OC are not industrially manufactured at the moment The article also characterises commonly used heat resistant porous fillers. It indicates that the use of exhaust zeolites is potentially perspective General properties and characteristics of zeolites are also given. The paper demonstrates that it is quite possible to use exhaust zeolites in building envelopes of lightweight heat-resistant concretes. The work describes testing experiments of typical exhaust zeolites (petrochemical and oil refining industries wastes) in Samara region and the Republic of Tatarstan. Their stress-strain properties and chemical compositions as well as X-ray crystallographic analysis (including analysis under high temperature) are presented. They prove that zeolites are heat-resistant and fire-proof because of corundum formation. Phosphate binder was used for tesing in heat-resistant concretes. The composition of the concrete mixture is given in the paper. As a result, concrete with the following characteristics was obtained: 1550 kg/m3 density, with compressive strength of approximately 21 MPa, having high thermal resistance and maximum permissible application temperature of 1450° c.

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Copper and Carbon Steel in Acidic Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Loss Method

The corrosion behavior of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has been studied. The corrosion inhibition of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) by Ciprofloxacin has been investigated. Specimens were exposed in the acidic media for 7 hours and corrosion rates evaluated by using the weight loss method. The effect of temperature (from 283 ºK to 333 ºK), pH (from 1to 6), inhibitor concentration (10-4 to 10-2) has been studied. It was observed that sulphuric acid environment was most corrosive to the metals because of its oxidizing nature, followed by hydrochloric acid. The rate of metal dissolution increased with increasing exposure time. Corrosion rates of carbon steel in the acidic media found to be higher.

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