REVIEW ABOUT DIABETES MELLITUS AND URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical disease correlated with a deficiency of insulin secretion or action. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The global burden of diabetes is rising due to increasing obesity and population aging. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common microbial infections known to affect the different parts of the urinary tract accounting for major antibacterial drug consumption. About 150 million UTI cases were diagnosed every year. Urinary tract infections are the most important and most common site of infections in a diabetic patient. Diabetic patients have been found to have a 5-fold frequency of acute pyelonephritis at autopsy than non-diabetics. Most of the urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes are relatively asymptomatic. The presence of this syndrome predisposes to much more severe infections, particularly in patients with acute ketoacidosis, poor diabetic control, diabetic complications such as neuropathy, vasculopathy, and nephropathy. The Gram-negative aerobic bacilli are the large group of bacterial pathogens that cause UTI with few species of Gram-positive bacteria. However, some fungi, parasites, and viruses have also been reported to invade the urinary tract. Urinary tract infection affects women more than men due to several factors such as proximity of the genital tract to the urethra, anatomy of the female urethra, sexual activity, menopause, and pregnancy. Other possible risk factors of UTI include allergy, obesity, diabetes, past history of UTI, contraceptive use, catheter use, and family history.

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The occurrence of urinary tract infection and determinant factors among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211060614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110606

Author(s):

Betelhem Walelgn ◽

Mehd Abdu ◽

Prem Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Khat Chewer

Introduction: Diabetic patients have a higher tendency of developing all infections, especially infections of the genitourinary tract. Urinary tract infections cause considerable disorders in diabetic patients, and if complicated, can cause renal failure. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of diabetes mellitus-associated urinary tract infections increased from 7.1% in 2005 to 33.9% in 2019. The successful management of patients suffering from urinary tract infections in diabetic patients depends upon the identification of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors affecting the urinary tract infections among diabetic patients which enable professionals to prevent infections and manage them effectively. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 365 diabetic patients selected by systematic sampling technique from March to April 2020. Data were collected by trained BSc nurses via face-to-face interview and patient chart review. Urine microscopy was done to diagnose urinary tract infections. Data were coded and entered using Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were included multivariable logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The magnitude of urinary tract infections was 22.3% (95% confidence interval: 18–27). The odds of being infected by urinary tract infections were significantly higher in diabetic females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.40–4.32), duration of diabetes mellitus diagnosis of ⩾5 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.72), with comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 4.87; 95% confidence interval: 2.76–8.59) and khat chewer (adjusted odds ratio: 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.24) compared with their counter. Conclusion and recommendation: Urinary tract infections were high among diabetic patients. Predictors like sex, duration of diagnosis, comorbidity, and khat chewer were found to be associated with urinary tract infections. Improvement of the regular screening of patients with diabetes mellitus for urinary tract infections will provide more effective measures in prevention and management.

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Relationship between Diabetes mellitus and Urinary tract infections

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.5.2.173-177 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 173-177

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Bacterial Sensitivity ◽

Tract Infections

Blood and urine samples were collected from 203 patients to study the relationship between Diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infections (UTI). Blood and urine specimens were subjected for estimation of random blood sugar, in addition to detection of the most pathogen bacteria which cause urinary tract infection in diabetic patients. The study included the detection of bacterial sensitivity to some antibiotics used in treating urinary tract infections, and also included the study of genetic basis which cause both types of diabetes mellitus. The results can be summarized as follows: The incidence of type ? diabetes in males was (35.8%), and (45.9%) in females . and type 2 diabetes in males was (49.6%), while in females was (40.16%).The incidence of urinary tract infection in females was higher (69.6%) in comparison to males (37%).Escherichia coli was the most causative agent of urinary tract infections in diabetic males (19.7%), while Candida albicans was the most causative agent in urinary tract infections in females (18.8%).The majority of isolated bacteria were highly resistant to Gentamycin, Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Penicillin G, while they were sensitive to Cephotaxim, Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin.

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FDA approves new antibacterial drug to treat complicated urinary tract infections as part of ongoing efforts to address antimicrobial resistance

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/cmr-21c764f ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Tract Infections

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Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Etiology, Resistance to Antibacterial Chemicals and Virulence Features

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.3.5502 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 566-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mihaela Magdalena Mitache ◽

Carmen Curutiu ◽

Elena Rusu ◽

Ramona Bahna ◽

Mara Ditu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Susceptibility Profiles ◽

Diabetes Patients

One of the most frequent chronic complications occurred in diabetes patients are the urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of UTIs in a cohort of 93 (47 males: 46 females) diabetic patients, the prevalence of different microbial species involved and their virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The identification of the uropathogenic strains in the positive urine samples was performed using conventional methods and API tests. After identification, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were established by the standardized disk diffusion method and double disk diffusion test was performed for the confirmation of ESBL and inducible AmpC b �lactamase phenotypes. The isolated strains were tested for the production of different cell associated and soluble virulence factors, i.e.: bacterial adherence to cellular substrata (HeLa cells), hemolysins (hemolysis spot, CAMP-like), amylase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis, DNA-ase, lipase and lecithinase. In the analyzed group, the total prevalence of UTIs was of 46%, a higher incidence being observed in the female patients (64%). Similar to other studies, the etiology of UTI in the investigated diabetes patients was dominated by E. coli, followed by Klebsiella sp. strains. The isolated strains preserved good susceptibility rates to quinolones and aminoglycosides and revealed important virulence features, related to their capacity to colonize the cellular substratum and to produce soluble virulence factors involved in persistence, colonization and progression of the infectious process. The high percentage of beta-lactam resistant strains (including carbapenem-resistant ones) requires careful surveillance of the dynamics of susceptibility profiles for limiting the emergence of these strains in community.

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