Penerapan Mendengarkan Murottal Untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Dismenore Pada Remaja

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1467-1471
Author(s):  
Esti Sulistianti ◽  
Herni Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Special Groups

AbstractDsymenorrhea is pain in the abdomen which comes from uterine cramps and it occurs during menstruation. One of non-pharmacological therapies to overcome pain is by listening murottal surah Ar-Rahman. This study aims to apply the therapy in the order to reduce the pain in adolescent. It focused on 6 teenagers who had dysmenorrhea pain when getting menstruation. The result stated before appiying the method, they got pain in scale 7-8. Then after appiying murottal listening, this pain reduced into scale 0-3. The conclusion is by listening murottal expected for the teenagers who have this pain to listen murottal. Murottal listening therapy that is done by each member of the special group for teenagers has different declines. Suggestions for members of special groups for adolescents for patients are expected to be able to overcome pain by applying murottal listening according to what has been taught.Keywords: Dysmenorrhea; pain; therapy off murottal AbstrakDismenore merupakan nyeri pada bagian perut yang berasal dari kram rahim dan terjadi selama menstruasi. Terapi nonfarmakologi untuk mengatasi dismenore yaitu dengan mendengarkan murottal surat Ar-Rahman. Tujuan studi kasus adalah menerapkan terapi murottal untuk menurunkan nyeri dismenore pada remaja. Fokus studi kasus ini adalah menerapkan terapi murottal pada remaja yang mengalami dismenore dengan anggota kelompok 6 orang. Hasil penurunan skala nyeri yang sebelum dilakukan terapi murottal 7-8, setelah mendengarkan murottal Ar-rahman skala nyeri turun 0-3. Kesimpulannya adalah mendengarkan murottal dapat menurunkan nyeri dismenore pada anggota kelompok khusus remaja. Terapi mendengarkan murottal yang dilakukan setiap anggota kelompok khusus remaja penurunannya berbeda-beda. Saran bagi anggota kelompok khusus remaja bagi pasien diharapkan dapat mengatasi nyeri dengan penerapan mendengarkan murottal sesuai yang telah diajarkan.Kata kunci: Dismenore; nyeri; terapi murottal

Creative Methodologies of Da’wah Through Different Phases of a Human’s Life (Metodologi Dakwah Secara Kreatif Mengikut Fasa Kehidupan Manusia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-293
Author(s):  
Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
New Born ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
Do So

Abstract In addition to compliance with the five pillars of Islam, Da’wah Islamiyyah is an indispensable act for Muslims who view their life missions as to propagate Islam. The act of da’wah is a mission only undertaken by those who are selected to do so, as Allah SWT said: “You are the best of peoples, taken out for mankind, you enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong…,” (Al-Qur’an, Al- `Imran, 3:110). The phrase “you are taken out for mankind” is a very clear phrase which refers to a special group. Many du’at propagate Islam through regular procedures. In this contemporary day and age, it would be more successful if creative da’wah methodologies are used to special groups where special talent is required. Examples of these special target groups are individuals such as [1] pregnant mothers, [2] mothers of new born babies, [3] parents of toddlers, [4] parents of children [5] youth, teenagers and adolescents, [6] married couples, [7] elderly or aged individuals and [8] non-Muslims.  They are good targets to promote Islam. Thus, du’at must have special talents and knowledge to do so. In this regard, du’at must be equipped with exceptional knowledge of the target groups to propagate Islam effectively. The present paper attempts to highlight the distinctive natures of the above mentioned categories of individuals and explores how du’at should approach them when he or she encounters them for the purpose of promoting Islam.        Keywords: Call to Islam, Da’wah Islamiyyah, creative da’wah, creative da’ie, enjoin good, forbid evil.   Abstrak Selain mematuhi 5 rukun Islam, dakwah Islamiyyah tidak dapat diasingkan daripada seseorang Muslim yang bermatlamat untuk menyebarkan ajaran Islam. Berdakwah adalah suatu tugas yang hanya dijalankan oleh mereka yang terpilih. Seperti yang diwahyukan oleh Allah SWT “Kamu adalah sebaik-baik umat yang dilahirkan bagi umat manusia, kerana kamu menyuruh berbuat segala perkara yang baik dan melarang daripada segala perkara yang buruk dan keji...” (Al-Quran, Al-Imran, 3:110). Frasa “umat yang dilahirkan bagi umat manusia”  jelas dinyatakan di mana ia merujuk kepada satu golongan yang istimewa. Kebanyakan pendakwah menyebarkan Islam melalui metodologi yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan. Bagaimanapun, pada zaman ini, pendakwahan akan lebih berjaya jika kaedah yang kreatif digunakan kepada beberapa golongan yang tertentu. Antara contoh golongan yang dimaksudkan adalah [1] wanita yang mengandung, [2] ibu kepada bayi yang baru lahir, [3] ibu bapa kepada anak-anak kecil, [4] ibu bapa kepada kanak-kanak, [5] golongan belia dan remaja, [6] pasangan suami isteri, [7] warga emas, dan [8] golongan bukan Islam. Mereka merupakan sasaran yang sempurna untuk mempelajari Islam. Oleh hal demikian, para pendakwah mesti mempunyai bakat yang istimewa dan ilmu yang mencukupi untuk berdakwah. Para pendakwah juga harus memahami kumpulan sasaran dengan menyeluruh supaya penyebaran ajaran Islam akan lebih berkesan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menggariskan sifat unik golongan yang dinyatakan di atas dan menerokai bagaimana para pendakwah harus mendekati mereka dengan niat untuk menyebarkan Islam.   Kata Kunci: Panggilan kepada Islam, dakwah Islamiyyah, dakwah kreatif, da’ie kreatif, menyuruh kepada kebaikan, menghalang daripada kejahatan.  

Training Navajo Indians as Miners

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 564-564
Author(s):  
W. Aboud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Labor Pool ◽  
American Society ◽  
Local Populace

When a mine opens, people must be found to perform all the necessary functions attendant to the mine's operation. Often the local populace is the source of this labor pool. Many of the newer U.S. mines are located in remote, relatively unpopulated regions of the country or regions which are populated by identifiable “special groups” or subpopulations. Utah International Inc., as one of the larger mining companies in the United States, encountered such a special group in the Navajo Indians when opening and operating the Navajo and San Juan Mines in northwestern New Mexico. This paper discusses the problems which arose from differences in cultural, familial, and societal background and experiences from those of the larger American society, how these differences impacted and continue to impact upon training, and the “solutions” by which they were and are handled. An example of such a difference to be discussed is the difficulty getting the desired photography for a visual training presentation. The Navajos believe that a portion of a person's spirit is captured in a photograph and can never be regained; therefore, it is imperative to get the permission of all Navajo individuals who will be in a photograph, slide, or film footage before endeavoring any photography.

scholarly journals The Appellate Body of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the World Trade Organization

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tarek Yahiaoui ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Settlement Mechanism

The process of dispute settlement at WTO has been delegated to independent entities: private groups that consider cases as first instance structures, and the Appellate Body that hears appeals for special group summaries. For its part, the dispute settlement body (DSB), the political structure composed of all members of the Organization and its primary task is the general administration of the dispute settlement and decision-making system. The recommendations contained in the reports of the Special Groups and the Appellate Body are binding on the parties to the dispute only after the dispute settlement body has adopted them. However, this process of adoption is now almost automatic; in order not to adopt a resolution it is necessary for all members to agree unanimously, according to a technique known as the "reverse consensus" or "negative consensus", which we do not yet know a similar in the international law. The political control exercised by the dispute settlement body remains generally theoretical, because the reverse consensus technique imposed almost as a decision-making mechanism. As long as the complainant insists on his complaint, it is inconceivable that the parties to the dispute are not convinced of the outcome of the dispute and raise a consensus not to adopt a particular report. In fact, if members have not collectively endorsed the abstracts or solutions of special groups or the Appellate Body, they have not prevented the adoption of any report. The appeal procedure is without doubt the most prominent and authentic new addition to the Organization's dispute settlement mechanism established by the Marrakesh Accords. The parties to the dispute seen by the Special Group can only appeal to the Appellate Body within a specified period of the date of the distribution of its report to the members of the Organization. The designation given to this body raises the question: the appeal is aimed at amending or canceling a judgment of the first instance judge by second-tier judges and article 17 (13) of the memorandum of agreement goes in the same context, stating that: The Appellate Body may uphold, modify or reverse the legal findings and conclusions of the panel". Thus, the powers granted to the Appellate Body are not far from those granted to courts of appeal in national legal systems. However, this rapprochement is soon reaching its limit, because judicial practice in national systems gives the appellant the power to review first instance judgment in relation to facts and law. However, the situation is different at the level of the Organization. Article17 (6) defines the appeal “shall be limited to issues of law covered in the Panel report and legal interpretations developed by the Panel.” The Appellate Body, then, is a judge of law who considers violations of the rules of law by the Special Group. Its function is as close as possible to a court of appeal as is known in some national legal systems, such as the French system. We have the right to question the new system of the Appellate Body of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Accords, and the new features that distinguish it from the mechanisms of contemporary international justice, both procedural and functional.

Elementary properties of the Boolean hull and reduced quotient functors

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Dickmann ◽  
F. Miraglia
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Form ◽  
Algebraic Closure ◽  
Reflection Principle ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Natural Embedding ◽  
First Order ◽  
Special Groups

In [12] we proved the following isotropy-reflection principle:Theorem. Let F be a formally real field and let Fp denote its Pythagorean closure. The natural embedding of reduced special groups from Gred(F) into Gred(Fp) = G(FP) induced by the inclusion of fields, reflects isotropy.Here Gred(F) denotes the reduced special group (with underlying group Ḟ/ΣḞ2) associated to the field F, henceforth assumed formally real; cf. [11], Chapter 1, §3, for details.The result proved in [12] is, in fact, more general. For example, the Pythagorean closure Fp can be replaced in the statement above by the intersection of all real closures of F (inside a fixed algebraic closure). Similar statements hold, more generally, for all relative Pythagorean closures of F in the sense of Becker [3], Chapter II, §3.Since the notion of isotropy of a quadratic form can be expressed by a first-order formula in the natural language LSG for special groups (with the coefficients as parameters), this result raises the question whether the embedding ιFFp: Gred(F) ↪ G (Fp) is elementary. Further, since the LSG-formula expressing isotropy is positive-existential, one may also ask whether ιFFp reflects all (closed) formulas ofthat kind with parameters in Gred(F).In this paper we give a negative answer to the first of these questions, for a vast class of formally real (non-Pythagorean) fields F (Prop. 5.1). This follows from rather general preservation results concerning the “Boolean hull” and the “reduced quotient” operations on special groups.

scholarly journals The Appellate Body of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the World Trade Organization

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tarek Yahiaoui ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Settlement Mechanism

The process of dispute settlement at WTO has been delegated to independent entities: private groups that consider cases as first instance structures, and the Appellate Body that hears appeals for special group summaries. For its part, the dispute settlement body (DSB), the political structure composed of all members of the Organization and its primary task is the general administration of the dispute settlement and decision-making system. The recommendations contained in the reports of the Special Groups and the Appellate Body are binding on the parties to the dispute only after the dispute settlement body has adopted them. However, this process of adoption is now almost automatic; in order not to adopt a resolution it is necessary for all members to agree unanimously, according to a technique known as the "reverse consensus" or "negative consensus", which we do not yet know a similar in the international law. The political control exercised by the dispute settlement body remains generally theoretical, because the reverse consensus technique imposed almost as a decision-making mechanism. As long as the complainant insists on his complaint, it is inconceivable that the parties to the dispute are not convinced of the outcome of the dispute and raise a consensus not to adopt a particular report. In fact, if members have not collectively endorsed the abstracts or solutions of special groups or the Appellate Body, they have not prevented the adoption of any report. The appeal procedure is without doubt the most prominent and authentic new addition to the Organization's dispute settlement mechanism established by the Marrakesh Accords. The parties to the dispute seen by the Special Group can only appeal to the Appellate Body within a specified period of the date of the distribution of its report to the members of the Organization. The designation given to this body raises the question: the appeal is aimed at amending or canceling a judgment of the first instance judge by second-tier judges and article 17 (13) of the memorandum of agreement goes in the same context, stating that: The Appellate Body may uphold, modify or reverse the legal findings and conclusions of the panel". Thus, the powers granted to the Appellate Body are not far from those granted to courts of appeal in national legal systems. However, this rapprochement is soon reaching its limit, because judicial practice in national systems gives the appellant the power to review first instance judgment in relation to facts and law. However, the situation is different at the level of the Organization. Article17 (6) defines the appeal “shall be limited to issues of law covered in the Panel report and legal interpretations developed by the Panel.” The Appellate Body, then, is a judge of law who considers violations of the rules of law by the Special Group. Its function is as close as possible to a court of appeal as is known in some national legal systems, such as the French system. We have the right to question the new system of the Appellate Body of the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the World Trade Organization under the Marrakesh Accords, and the new features that distinguish it from the mechanisms of contemporary international justice, both procedural and functional.

Schmerztherapie nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Holger Hendrix ◽  
Vladimir Kamlak ◽  
Georgi Prisadov ◽  
Katrin Welcker
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Thoracic Surgical Procedures ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithm ◽  
Alternative Procedures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Documentation Form

The treatment of pain after thoracic surgery is a challenge and takes place in the individual clinics mostly according to clinic internal standards. It exists no currently valid S3 guideline for the treatment of acute perioperative and posttraumatic pain. For an effective pain treatment as well individual pain experience as the pain intensity of the various thoracic surgical procedures must be considered. Regular pain assessment with appropriate methods and their documentation form the basis for adequate and adapted pain therapy.There are a number of different pain therapy methods, non-medicamentous and drug-based methods, whose effectiveness is described in the literature partially different. For the treatment of acute postoperative pain after thoracic surgery, mainly drug-related procedures are used, except for physiotherapy as a non-medicamentous method. Increasingly, alternative procedures for the peridural catheter as a therapeutic gold standard in the treatment of pain after thoracic surgery are used. Their application can be integrated into a therapeutic algorithm.

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