scholarly journals The ‘future’ of urban rent from the perspective of the metropolitan territorial plan of Naples [Il “futuro della rendita” nella prospettiva del piano territoriale metropolitano di Napoli]

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Fabiana Forte ◽  
Pierfrancesco De Paola
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Common ◽  
Land Consumption ◽  
Landscape Heritage ◽  
Operational Component

The Metropolitan City of Naples, as in the art. 1 of its Statute, aims «to restore the environment, to regenerate and reorder the urban tissue, to safeguard the common goods, guaranteeing their access, to reorganize the territorial polycentrism, overcrossing the center-periphery dichotomy and to promote the civil, social, cultural and economic development, enanching the diversities and the territorial excellences». In the Statute (at Article 35), the Metropolitan City is expected to provide coordination and general territorial planning by means of the Metropolitan Territorial Plan, consisting of a structural and an operational component, with measures of “urban equalization”. The structural component defines the vision of the territory, while the operational one programmes the actions of metropolitan interest to be implemented by the metropolitan city as well as the indications for the municipalities of the metropolitan city over a three-year period. In December 2017, the proposal for the Territorial coordination plan was adopted, which substantially recovers the Provincial Territorial Coordination Plan of 2007, repealing certain parts. The TCP of the metropolitan city of Naples is based on the redevelopment of the existing patrimony as a way of contrasting land consumption, in line with government plans. The main strategic elements of the plan, in fact, are the conservation and enhancement of the environmental, natural, cultural and landscape heritage, the adaptation of the housing supply, concentrating it only on the margins or within already established sites – densification –, and the enhancement and re-articulation of the urban system in a polycentric and reticular key. It is therefore, from this perspective, that this article seeks to elaborate a number of reflections on the possible ”future of urban rent” in the context of the metropolitan spaces of Naples, where the “potential” of the value of abandoned land in peripheral and/or peri- urban areas assumes a strategic role in the processes of regeneration and densification envisaged by the TCP. In terms of TCP operation, the principle should be to “expropriate” as little as possible, making use of the “equalization instrument” to ensure economic operators the necessary profit (an “interest in doing”).

Diversity of organisms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Diversity Of Life

The focus of this chapter is an examination of the diversity of living organisms found within urban environments, both inside and outside buildings. The discussion commences with prions and viruses before moving on to consider micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Prions and viruses cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. Micro-organisms are ubiquitous and are found in great numbers throughout urban environments. New technologies are providing new insights into their diversity. Plants may be found inside buildings as well as in gardens and other green spaces. The final sections of the chapter offer a discussion of the diversity of animals that live in urban areas for part or all of their life cycle. Examples of the diversity of life in urban environments are presented throughout, including native and non-native species, those that are benign and deadly, and the common and the rare.

scholarly journals Landscape Evaluation as a Complementary Tool in Environmental Assessment. Study Case in Urban Areas: Salamanca (Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6395
Author(s):  
Marco Criado ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Graña ◽  
Fernando Santos-Francés ◽  
Leticia Merchán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Partial State ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
Objective Methodology

In recent years, the landscape has become another environmental resource, so it is important to incorporate it into planning actions. However, its broad sense of study has made it difficult to develop methodologies that precisely diagnose the state of the landscape and its management requirements, especially in dynamic spaces like urban areas. In order to develop a method capable of providing information that can be incorporated into environmental assessment and territorial planning tasks so that the needs of the landscape are taken into account in the decision-making stages, an objective methodology is presented based on the study of different parameters (biotic, abiotic and socioeconomic) analyzed in the field and subsequently geoprocessed through Geographic Information Systems according to their influence on the landscape. Through the proposed methodology it is possible to determine the quality, fragility and need of protection of the landscape, as well as to identify the diverse landscape units that form the landscape of a territory. Based on these results, a landscape diagnosis can be drawn up to quantify its overall and partial state, carry out monitoring analyses and make comparisons between different landscape units, so that management measures can be adopted according to the obtained scenarios.

Marking Religious and Ethnic Boundaries: Cases from the Ancient Golan Heights

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Roman Period ◽  
Common Era

In the aftermath of the 1967 “Six Days' War,” 254 ancient inscribed stones were found in forty-four towns and villages of the Golan Heights—241 in Greek, 12 in Hebrew or Aramaic, and 1 in Latin. These stones, along with numerous architectural fragments, served as the basis of the 1996 book by myself and Dan Urman, Jews, Pagans, and Christians in the Golan Heights—a study of settlement patterns of people of the three religions in this region in the early centuries of the common era.1 The area of the Golan heights, roughly the size of Rhode Island, was in antiquity a place of agriculture and, for the most part, small communities. Though historians of religions in the late Roman period have long been aware of the “quartering” of cities, and of the locations of particular religious groups in this or that section of urban areas, we have had little information concerning the ways in which Hellenes, Jews, and Christians took up residence in relation to each other in those rural settings featuring numerous towns and hamlets— most presumably too small to have “zones” for ethnic and religious groups. The surviving artifacts of a number of the Golan sites gave the opportunity for a case study. Part 1 of this article centers on evidence for the locations and possible interactions of members of these religious groups in the Golan from the third to the seventh centuries and entails a summary of findings in the earlier work, while part 2 takes up several lingering questions about religious identity and ways of “marking” it within Golan countryside communities. Both sections can be placed under a rubric of “boundary drawing and religion.”

scholarly journals 2 + 1 Highways: Overview and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Manuel Romana ◽  
Marilo Martin-Gasulla ◽  
Ana T. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rural Access ◽  
Transportation Research

Most of the rural transportation system is composed of two-lane highways, and many of them serve as the primary means for rural access to urban areas and freeways. In some highways, traffic volumes can be not high enough to justify a four-lane highway but higher than can be served by isolated passing lanes, or can present high number of head-on collisions. In those conditions, 2 + 1 highways are potentially applicable. This type of highway is used to provide high-performance highways as intermediate solution between the common two-lane highway and the freeway. Successful experiences reported in Germany, Sweden, Finland, Poland, or Texas (US) may suggest that they are potentially applicable in other countries. The objective of this white paper is to provide an overview of the past practice in 2 + 1 highways and discuss the research directions and challenges in this field, specially focusing on, but not limited to, operational research in association with the activities of the Subcommittee on Two-Lane Highways (AHB40 2.2) of the Transportation Research Board. The significance of this paper is twofold: (1) it provides wider coverage of past 2 + 1 highways design and evaluation, and (2) it discusses future directions of this field.

scholarly journals Mapping Urbanization as an Anthropedogenetic Process: A Section through the Times of Urban Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Vialle ◽  
Mario Giampieri
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Map Series ◽  
The Times ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Ecological Transition

Current trends of spatial planning policies give a strategic role to soils, the multifunctionality of which must be considered as a crucial driver facing cities’ forthcoming social-ecological transition. However, soils within urban areas are insufficiently studied as a long-term record of environmental history and heavy anthropization. This article investigates the extreme qualitative variability of urban soils by presenting a conceptual model and cartographic workflow highlighting soil evolution processes as a value which co-variates with urbanization. Based on a case study in West Lausanne (Switzerland), the layers and map series of an atlas underscore the applicability of different types of information and spatial analysis for documenting the influence of anthrosediments and land cover changes. Combined with empirical profile descriptions, such a consolidated concept map defines a template, in the form of a complex spatio-temporal figure, on which to apply the state factor approach. Instead of using a simple spatial transect or gradient, the increasing anthropic dominance over original landscape conditions is explained using a section through time. An urban anthroposequence consequently retraces contrasting soil development pathways as a coherent bundle of historical trajectories. Such a narrative integrates various facets of land use, including one-off construction techniques and recurring maintenance practices, planning tools, and morphologies, into a specific ‘project for the ground’ which brought forth the mixed mesh of the Swiss Plateau ‘cityterritory.’ Ultimately, the dynamic vision conveyed by these intertwined soil–urbanization coevolution trajectories outlines opportunities for the regeneration of the resource deposit made up of both West Lausanne’s urban fabric and its soils as a palimpsest.

scholarly journals Consequences of Promoting Less-Populated Rural Areas to Urban Areas: A Case Study, Bushehr Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Ali Bastin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Negative Consequences

The modified law of Iranian Administrative divisions has greatly altered the pattern of settlement in recent decades. The promotion of rural areas to urban areas has shifted from mere population standard to combined population-administrative standards. However, all censuses suggest that many rural areas reported as smaller than the minimum population standard have been promoted to urban areas. In the last two decades, this is a clearly prominent phenomenon in the urban system of Iran. This paper evaluates the effects and consequences of promoting small and sparsely populated rural areas to urban areas in the Bushehr province. The used methodology is analytic-descriptive using a questionnaire distributed among 380 members of the target population. Data analysis is conducted in physical, economic, social and urban servicing domains using one-sample T-test and the utility range. The results show that promotion of rural areas to urban areas has positive outcomes such as improved waste disposal system, improved quality of residential buildings, increased monitoring of the construction, increased income, prevented migration and improved health services. However, the results of utility range show that the negative consequences of this policy are more than its positive outcomes, which have been studied in detail.

Classification of Landscape Sensitivity in the Territory of Cremona

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Luigi Paolillo ◽  
Umberto Baresi ◽  
Roberto Bisceglie
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Landscape Sensitivity ◽  
The Right

Centrality of landscape, in territorial planning, has been influencing for years, the testing of innovative analytical techniques aimed to gather peculiarities of urban and suburban context. The advent of Spatial Information System created the possibility to produce more detailed studies analyzing a lot of information dealing with territorial phenomena of crucial importance in spatial planning. The development of analytical systems based on multidimensional analysis may represent the right way to synthesize different phenomena that interact locally, in order to obtain the intrinsic sensitivity of a specific landscape as a result. In the case of Cremona Urban Variant, the production of thematic maps has allowed the construction of six synthetic indicators, dealing with specific aspects of Cremona landscape. The indicators are: i) insularisation of non – built spaces, ii) morphological / structural values, iii) perceptual landscape aspects, iv) permanence of urban system, v) degree of imperativeness of environmental constraints, vi) integrity of land use.

scholarly journals Abandoned Farmland Location in Areas Affected by Rapid Urbanization Using Textural Characterization of High Resolution Aerial Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ruiz-Lendínez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Abandoned Farmland ◽  
Textural Characterization ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
The City

Several studies have demonstrated that farmland abandonment occurs not only in rural areas, but is also closely interlinked with urbanization processes. Therefore, the location of abandoned land and the registration of the spatial information referring to it play important roles in urban land management. However, mapping abandoned land or land in the process of abandonment is not an easy task because the limits between the different land uses are not clear and precise. It is therefore necessary to develop methods that allow estimating and mapping this type of land as accurately as possible. As an alternative to other geomatics methods such as satellite remote sensing, our approach proposes a framework for automatically locating abandoned farmland in urban landscapes using the textural characterization and segmentation of aerial imagery. Using the city of Poznań (Poland) as a case study, results demonstrated the feasibility of applying our approach, reducing processing time and workforce resources. Specifically and by comparing the results obtained with the data provided by CORINE Land Cover, 2275 ha (40.3%) of arable land within the city limits were abandoned, and the area of abandoned arable land was almost 9.2% of the city’s area. Finally, the reliability of the proposed methodology was assessed from two different focuses: (i) the accuracy of the segmentation results (from a positional point of view) and (ii) the efficiency of locating abandoned land (as a specific type of land use) in urban areas particularly affected by rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals Shattered Dreams and Stolen Childhood: A Study of Child Labour and Child Rights in Restaurants and Hotels of Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Prakash Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Heavy Workload

Nepal is committed to end child labour expressed by the ratification of ILO convention and its national plan of action for children and Master Plan to end child labour. However, the wicked problem’ of child labour is increasing at an alarming rate in urban areas. New hotels and restaurants have been opened and along with it a new way of child labour exploitation has emerged in urban centres. Most of the workers in restaurants/hotels of Pokhara are children. The employers of such business prefer child labour as they are cheap and can be easily exploited. This study attempts to determine the extent to which child labour constitutes a violation of child rights. Pedestal on theories of exploitation and structural-functionalism the study result reveals that condition of child labourers is disgraceful with a shattered dream and stolen childhood—a result of family dysfunction and child rights violation by employer that has thwarted the opportunities for healthy adulthood under a vicious cycle of deprivation, abuse and exploitation. Amid noxious relationship between child labourer and the employer, child labourers face violence and sexual harassment by employer, senior staff and customers. Heavy workload, trouncing and dragging by hair and ill-treatment are the common violence faced by child labourer. Most of the employers are ignorant of child rights. It is a paradox that child labourer is valuable for employer but the life of child labourer is worthless. Most of the child labourers are willing to rehabilitate.  

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