The relationship between the auditory hallucination-like experience and the complexity of the resting-state EEG

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

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Lower functional hippocampal redundancy in mild cognitive impairment

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-020-01166-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Langella ◽

◽

Muhammad Usman Sadiq ◽

Peter J. Mucha ◽

Kelly S. Giovanello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Resting State ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Potential Mechanism ◽

Network Efficiency ◽

Cognitively Normal ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

The Relationship

AbstractWith an increasing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in response to an aging population, it is critical to identify and understand neuroprotective mechanisms against cognitive decline. One potential mechanism is redundancy: the existence of duplicate elements within a system that provide alternative functionality in case of failure. As the hippocampus is one of the earliest sites affected by AD pathology, we hypothesized that functional hippocampal redundancy is protective against cognitive decline. We compared hippocampal functional redundancy derived from resting-state functional MRI networks in cognitively normal older adults, with individuals with early and late MCI, as well as the relationship between redundancy and cognition. Posterior hippocampal redundancy was reduced between cognitively normal and MCI groups, plateauing across early and late MCI. Higher hippocampal redundancy was related to better memory performance only for cognitively normal individuals. Critically, functional hippocampal redundancy did not come at the expense of network efficiency. Our results provide support that hippocampal redundancy protects against cognitive decline in aging.

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The relationship within and between the extrinsic and intrinsic systems indicated by resting state correlational patterns of sensory cortices

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.044 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 684-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Lixia Tian ◽

Tianzi Jiang ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Chunshui Yu ◽

Kun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Sensory Cortices ◽

The Relationship

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Resting-state functional connectivity, cortical GABA and neuroactive steroids in peripartum and peripartum depressed women: a functional magnetic imaging and resonance study

10.1101/411405 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kristina M. Deligiannidis ◽

Christina L. Fales ◽

Aimee R. Kroll-Desrosiers ◽

Scott A. Shaffer ◽

Vanessa Villamarin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Neuroactive Steroids ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Magnetic Imaging ◽

Temporal Pole ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTPostpartum depression (PPD) is associated with abnormalities in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) but the underlying neurochemistry is unclear. We hypothesized that peripartum GABAergic neuroactive steroids (NAS) are related to cortical GABA concentrations and RSFC in PPD as compared to healthy comparison women (HCW). To test this, we measured RSFC with fMRI and GABA+/Creatine (Cr) concentrations with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in the pregenual anterior cingulate (pgACC) and occipital cortices (OCC) and quantified peripartum plasma NAS. We examined between-group differences in RSFC and the relationship between cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations with RSFC. We investigated the relationship between NAS, RSFC and cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations. Within the default mode network (DMN) an area of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) had greater connectivity with the rest of the DMN in PPD (peak voxel: MNI coordinates (2, 58, 32), p=0.002) and was correlated to depression scores (peak HAM-D17 voxel: MNI coordinates (0, 60, 34), p=0.008). pgACC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with DMPFC RSFC in a region spanning the right anterior/posterior insula and right temporal pole (r=+0.661, p=0.000). OCC GABA+/Cr correlated positively with regions spanning both amygdalae (right amygdala: r=+0.522, p=0.000; left amygdala: r=+0.651, p=0.000) as well as superior parietal areas. Plasma allopregnanolone was higher in PPD (p=0.03) and positively correlated with intra DMPFC connectivity (r=+0.548, p=0.000) but not GABA+/Cr. These results provide initial evidence that PPD is associated with altered DMN connectivity; cortical GABA+/Cr concentrations are associated with postpartum RSFC and allopregnanolone is associated with postpartum intra-DMPFC connectivity.

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Vascular origins of low-frequency oscillations in the cerebrospinal fluid signal in resting-state fMRI: Interpretation using photoplethysmography

10.1101/2020.10.02.323865 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmadreza Attarpour ◽

James Ward ◽

J. Jean Chen

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Resting State ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

M Wave ◽

Wave Range ◽

Cardiac Pulse ◽

The Relationship

AbstractSlow and rhythmic spontaneous oscillations of cerebral blood flow are well known to have diagnostic utility, notably frequencies of 0.008-0.03 Hz (B-waves) and 0.05-0.15Hz (Mayer waves or M waves). However, intracranial measurements of these oscillations have been difficult. Oscillations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are influenced by the cardiac pulse wave, represent a possible avenue for non-invasively tracking these oscillations using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and have been used to correct for vascular oscillations in rs-fMRI functional connectivity calculations. However, the relationship between low-frequency CSF and vascular oscillations is unclear. In this study, we investigate this relationship using fast simultaneous multi-slice rs-fMRI coupled with fingertip photoplethysmography (PPG). We not only extract B-wave and M-wave range spectral power from the PPG signal, but also derive the pulse-intensity ratio (PIR, a surrogate of slow blood-pressure oscillations), the second-derivative of the PPG (SDPPG, a surrogate of arterial stiffness) and heart-rate variability (HRV). The main findings of this study are: (1) signals in different CSF regions (ROIs) are not equivalent in their vascular contributions or in their associations with vascular and tissue rs-fMRI signals; (2) the PPG signal contains the highest signal contribution from the M-wave range, while PIR contains the highest signal contribution from the B-wave range; (3) in the low-frequency range, PIR is more strongly associated with rs-fMRI signal in the CSF than PPG itself, and than HRV and SDPPG; (4) PPG-related vascular oscillations only contribute to < 20% of the CSF signal in rs-fMRI, insufficient support for the assumption that low-frequency CSF signal fluctuations directly reflect vascular oscillations. These findings caution the use of CSF as a monolithic region for extracting physiological nuisance regressors in rs-fMRI applications. They also pave the way for using rs-fMRI in the CSF as a potential tool for tracking cerebrovascular health through, for instance the strong relationship between PIR and the CSF signal.

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Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans

10.1101/602714 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin J. Clancy ◽

Alejandro Albizu ◽

Norman B. Schmidt ◽

Wen Li

Keyword(s):

Resting State ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Combat Veterans ◽

Strong Association ◽

Cortical Inhibition ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

List Type ◽

Trauma Memory ◽

Novel Target ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTIntrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events is a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast to abstract, verbal intrusions in other affective disorders, intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD is characterized by vivid sensory details as “flashbacks”. While prevailing PTSD models largely focus on dysregulated emotional processes, we hypothesize that deficient sensory inhibition in PTSD could drive overactivation of sensory representations of trauma memories, precipitating sensory-rich intrusions of trauma. In 86 combat veterans, we examined resting-state alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillatory activity (in both power and posterior→frontal connectivity), given its key role in sensory cortical inhibition, in association with intrusive re-experiencing symptoms. A subset (N = 35) of veterans further participated in an odor task (including both combat and non-combat odors) to assess olfactory trauma memory and emotional response. We observed a strong association between intrusive re-experiencing symptoms and attenuated resting-state posterior→frontal alpha connectivity, which were both correlated with olfactory trauma memory (but not emotional response). Importantly, olfactory trauma memory was further identified as a full mediator of the relationship between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing in these veterans, suggesting that deficits in intrinsic sensory inhibition can contribute to intrusive re-experiencing of trauma via heightened trauma memory. Therefore, by permitting unfiltered sensory cues to enter information processing and spontaneously activating sensory representations of trauma, impaired sensory inhibition can constitute a sensory mechanism of intrusive re-experiencing in PTSD.HIGHLIGHTSAlpha oscillations (indexing sensory inhibition) measured in 86 combat veteransRe-experiencing symptom severity was associated with attenuated alpha connectivityTrauma memory for, not emotional response to, odors mediated this relationshipTrauma memories may arise via disinhibited activation of sensory representationsSensory systems may be novel target for intrusive re-experiencing symptom treatment

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Analysis of a Signal Transmission in a Pair of Izhikevich Coupled Neurons

Biophysical Reviews and Letters ◽

10.1142/s1793048020400019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 195-206

Author(s):

David. H. Margarit ◽

Marcela V. Reale ◽

Ariel F. Scagliotti

Keyword(s):

White Noise ◽

Resting State ◽

Signal Transmission ◽

Electrical Potential ◽

Signal Amplitude ◽

Receptor Neuron ◽

Neuron Models ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Izhikevich Model

Individual neuron models give a comprehensive explanation of the behavior of the electrical potential of cell membranes. These models were and are a source of constant analysis to understand the functioning of, mainly, the complexity of the brain. In this work, using the Izhikevich model, we propose, analyze and characterize the transmission of a signal between two neurons unidirectionally coupled. Two possible states were characterized (sub-threshold and over-threshold) depending on the values of the signal amplitude, as well also the relationship between the transmitted and received signal taking into account the coupling. Furthermore, the activation of the emitting neuron (its transition from a resting state to spiking state) and the transmission to the receptor neuron were analyzed by adding white noise to the system.

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Functional connectivity and microstructural changes of the brain in primary Sjögren syndrome: the relationship with depression

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120909982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1684-1694

Author(s):

Artemis Andrianopoulou ◽

Anastasia K Zikou ◽

Loukas G Astrakas ◽

Nafsika Gerolymatou ◽

Vasileios Xydis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Pulse Sequence ◽

Sjogren Syndrome ◽

White Matter Tracts ◽

Microstructural Changes ◽

Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Background Fatigue and depression are among the most common manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but information is lacking on the relationship with brain function and microstructural changes. Purpose To investigate microstructural changes and brain connectivity in pSS, and to evaluate their relationship with fatigue and depression. Material and Methods The study included 29 patients with pSS (mean age 61.2 ± 12.1 years; disease duration 10.5 ± 5.9 years) and 28 controls (mean age 58.4 ± 9.2 years). All the patients completed the Beck’s depression and Fatigue Assessment Scale questionnaires. The imaging protocol consisted of: (i) standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences (FLAIR, 3D T1W); (ii) a diffusion tensor imaging pulse sequence; and (iii) a resting state functional MRI pulse sequence. Resting state brain networks and maps of diffusion metrics were calculated and compared between patients and controls. Results Compared with the controls, the patients with pSS and depression showed increased axial, radial, and mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy; those without depression showed decreased axial diffusivity in major white matter tracts (superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and forceps minor-major). Decreased brain activation in the sensorimotor network was observed in the patients with pSS compared with the controls. No correlation was found between fatigue and structural or functional changes of the brain. Conclusion pSS is associated with functional connectivity abnormalities of the somatosensory cortex and microstructural abnormalities in major white matter tracts, which are more pronounced in depression.

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Resting-State Cortical Connectivity Underlying Cognitive-Motor Interactions in Gait and Postural Tasks in Young Adults

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000801760.62736.87 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S3.2-S3

Author(s):

Nathan Morelli ◽

Nathan Johnson ◽

Kimberly Kaiser ◽

Richard Andreatta ◽

Nicholas Heebner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Postural Control ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Dual Task ◽

Resting State ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Network Connectivity ◽

The Relationship

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between intra- and internetwork connectivity and DTC of postural, gait, and cognitive performance in healthy, young adults.BackgroundDual-task (DT) deficits persist after return to activity in those recovering from a sports related concussion. However, little is known about the relationship of cortical network function to DT capacity. Current evidence regarding the relationship between network connectivity and dual-task balance and gait performance is limited by focusing on older adults and those with cognitive impairments, using a condensed set of task demands, and neglecting the role of connectivity in the ability to adapt to minimize DT cost (DTC).Design/MethodsTwelve adults (7 females; age: 23.41 ± 2.74 years; height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m; weight: 72.66 ± 11.25 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, as well as single and DT variants of the Concussion Balance Test, Sensory Organization Test, and gait. Functional connectivity within and between the default mode (DMN), salience (SAL), and sensorimotor (SMN) networks were calculated for all subjects. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the association of connectivity to balance and gait speed DTC.ResultsInter-network connectivity between to DMN to the SAL and SMN demonstrated moderate to strong association to DTC of gait speed and postural control during tasks which perturbed sensory environments (r = −0.59 to 0.94, p < 0.05). There was no relationship between connectivity and DTC of cognitive performance during DT (r = −0.50 to 0.54, p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of the SAL, SMN, and DMN in cognitive-motor interactions during gait and postural control. Furthermore, functional connectivity underlying DT gait and static postural control performance express inverse relationships, suggesting task-dependent differences in system level processing.

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