scholarly journals Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongming Shi ◽  
Shanshan Hsieh ◽  
Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi ◽  
Jimeno A. Fonseca ◽  
François Maréchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore.  Zhongming Shi1,2, Shanshan Hsieh1,2,3, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi1,2, Jimeno A. Fonseca1,2, François Maréchal1,3, Arno Schlueter1,2 1 Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore 2 Architecture and Building Systems, Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]   Keywords: Urban typology, urban form, energy technology, urban program, density   Conference topics and scale: Efficient use of resources in sustainable cities   Cities consume about three quarters of global primary energy. Compared to the beginning of the Twentieth Century, the urban area is expected to triple by 2030. The future urban energy performance is substantially influenced by how the urban area is planned, designed, and built. New energy technologies have enabled new possibilities of the urban form. For example, a district cooling system can free the building rooftops for more architectural design options, like an infinity pool or a sky garden. Vice versa, to maximize the energy performance, some new energy technologies enforce some specific requirements on the urban forms, like the urban form and density. We apply a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to identify the optimal allocation of energy demand density and energy systems (e.g. district cooling network) subject to resource availability and energy (or environmental) performance targets (e.g. renewable share). The optimized energy demand density can be translated into urban program combinations and density ranges and gradients. To build the model, we survey the prevailing energy conversion technologies and their costs. Based on the local standards of Singapore, we derive the energy profiles and demand densities of buildings with different programs. We adopt a real case study in Singapore to test the target energy technologies. Adjacent to the existing central business district, the site, currently a container terminal, has an area around 1,000 hectares. Upon the relocation of the terminal in 10 years, the energy technologies, the density, and the program of the site have a variety of possibilities.   This paper builds a series of coarse urban typologies in terms of urban program and density when adopting different urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Furthermore, the general density and the density gradient may vary when the size of these energy infrastructures alters. In an integrated urban design process involving energy considerations, the urban designer can refer these urban typologies for rules on the general density, the density gradient, and the urban program combination based on the selected energy technologies. On the other way, these urban typologies can also help on the selection of energy technologies to accommodate the target urban density and program.   References (100 words) Ratti, C., Baker, N., and Steemers, K. (2005). Energy consumption and urban texture. Energy Build. 37, 762–776. Salat, S. (2009). Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Build. Res. Inf. 37, 598–609. Seto, K.C., Güneralp, B., and Hutyra, L.R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 16083–16088. UN-Habitat (2012). Energy. [Online]. Available: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/energy. [Accessed:08-Nov-2016].           

scholarly journals Urban energy performance calculation based on EPBD standards. GIS4ENER tool

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Hernandez-Moral ◽  
◽  
Víctor Iván Serna-Gonzalez ◽  
Francisco Javier Miguel Herrero ◽  
César Valmaseda-Tranque
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Performance Calculation

Climate change will have a strong impact on urban settings, which will also represent one of the major challenges (world’s urban population is expected to double by 2050, EU buildings consume 40% final energy and generate 36% CO2 emissions). A plethora of initiatives address this challenge by stressing the underlying necessity of thinking globally but acting locally. This entails the inclusion of a varied set of decision-makers acting at different scales and needing robust, comprehensive and comparable information that can support them in their energy planning process. To this end, this paper presents the GIS4ENER tool to support energy planners at different scales by proposing a bottom-up approach towards the calculation of energy demand and consumption at local scale that can be aggregated to support other decision-making scales. It is based on three main pillars: the exploitation of publicly available data (such as Open Street Maps, Building Stock Observatory or TABULA), the implementation of standardised methods to calculate energy (in particular the ISO52000 family) and the use of Geographic Information Systems to represent and facilitate the understanding of results, and their aggregation. The paper presents the context, main differences with other approaches and results of the tool in Osimo (IT).

Considerations Regarding the Use of Fuel Cells in Combined Heat and Power for Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-275
Author(s):  
Andrei Mircea Bolboaca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Polluting Emissions

Covering the energy demands under environmental protection and satisfying economic and social restrictions, together with decreasing polluting emissions, are impetuous necessities, considering that over half of the pollutant emissions released in the environment are the effect of the processes of electricity and heat production from the classic thermoelectric powerplant. Increasing energy efficiency and intensifying the use of alternative resources are key objectives of global policy. In this context, a range of new energy technologies has been developed, based on alternative energy conversion systems, which have recently been used more and more often for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat. An intensification of the use of combined energy production correlated with the tendency towards the use of clean energy resources can be helpful in achieving the global objectives of increasing fuel diversity and ensuring energy demand. The chapter aims at describing the fuel cell technology, in particular those of the SOFC type, used in the CHP for stationary applications.

Urban Form and Energy Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Silva ◽  
Vítor Oliveira ◽  
Vítor Leal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Urban Energy

The implications of urban form on energy have long been present in international debate, whether considering travel patterns or thermal comfort in buildings. The urban environment is a result of a set of intertwined attributes, the understanding of which is often unclear. The energy trade-offs between urban form attributes haven’t received proper attention. Research remains sectorial, considering buildings and transport in isolation. In order to allow for a comprehensive analysis of this relationship, this article reviews urban attributes with energy relevance. A collection of attributes and metrics is gathered from the literature for incorporating urban form in urban energy analysis.

scholarly journals Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Klemm ◽  
Frauke Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Absolute Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Abstract Background Urban energy systems are responsible for 75% of the world’s energy consumption and for 70% of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system models are used to optimize, benchmark and compare such energy systems with the help of energy sustainability indicators. We discuss several indicators for their basic suitability and their response to changing boundary conditions, system structures and reference values. The most suitable parameters are applied to four different supply scenarios of a real-world urban energy system. Results There is a number of energy sustainability indicators, but not all of them are suitable for the use in urban energy system optimization models. Shortcomings originate from the omission of upstream energy supply chains (secondary energy efficiency), from limited capabilities to compare small energy systems (energy productivity), from excessive accounting expense (regeneration rate), from unsuitable accounting methods (primary energy efficiency), from a questionable impact of some indicators on the overall system sustainability (self-sufficiency), from the lack of detailed information content (share of renewables), and more. On the other hand, indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, energy costs, and final energy demand are well suitable for the use in optimization models. However, each of these indicators only represents partial aspects of energy sustainability; the use of only one indicator in the optimization process increases the risk that other important aspects will deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to suboptimal or even unrealistic scenarios in practice. Therefore, multi-criteria approaches should be used to enable a more holistic optimization and planning of sustainable urban energy systems. Conclusion We recommend multi-criteria optimization approaches using the indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, absolute energy costs, and absolute energy demand. For benchmarking and comparison purposes, specific indicators should be used and therefore related to the final energy demand, respectively, the number of inhabitants. Our example scenarios demonstrate modeling strategies to optimize sustainability of urban energy systems.

scholarly journals Correction: Up-scalable emerging energy conversion technologies enabled by 2D materials: from miniature power harvesters towards grid-connected energy systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Rogdakis ◽  
Nikolaos Karakostas ◽  
Emmanuel Kymakis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Energy Environ

Correction for ‘Up-scalable emerging energy conversion technologies enabled by 2D materials: from miniature power harvesters towards grid-connected energy systems’ by Konstantinos Rogdakis et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d0ee04013d.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Sustainability of Suburban Areas by Using Distributed Energy Systems: A Case Study

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Beaud Muriel ◽  
Amarasinghage Tharindu Dasun Perera ◽  
Cai Hanmin ◽  
Andrew Bollinger ◽  
Kristina Orehounig
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Distributed Energy System ◽  
The Impact

The building sector plays a vital role in Switzerland’s climate policy. In order to support the energy transition in the building sector, Rolle, a suburban area located along the shore of Lake Geneva is considered in this study to understand the promising future scenarios for integration of renewable energy technologies. The area is clustered into 12 clusters and a distributed energy system is designed for each cluster. Subsequently, three energy systems with contrasting densities are taken for further comparison to understand the impact of urban density on the design of the distributed energy system. The study reveals that urban density will influence the peak as well as the annual energy demand of the energy hubs. The study reveals that the energy technologies used in the energy hubs are strongly influenced by the capacity of the system (peak and annual energy demand). Energy systems with higher capacities are less sensitive to the market changes when compared to the systems with lower capacities (leading to sparse suburban areas).

scholarly journals The way to limit emission – energy efficient buildings. The example of the largest facility in Poland in nearly

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Ewa Figiel ◽  
Dorota Leciej-Pirczewska
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

In Szczecin a mixed-use complex Posejdon is being constructed. It will be the first nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) in Poland that meets the strict ecological standards that all buildings will have to meet after January 2021. The project was presented at the COP24 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Katowice. The calculated building CO2 emission is very low. Based on the example of the Posejdon complex’s office-service section before and after renovation modern technical solutions for meeting the buildings energy demand and the resulting reduction of CO2 emission have been presented. The emissions were obtained after the calculation of energy use in accordance with Polish and European regulations concerning the energy performance of buildings using climatic conditions taken from a Polish meteorological database. The described renewable energy technologies implemented in the Posejdon building, serve as a reference to export management and design strategies to other NZEB with similar characteristics in the same region.

scholarly journals Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados ◽  
Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero ◽  
Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations     The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology.  Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today.   References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.    

scholarly journals A machine-learning model for the prediction of aggregated building heating demand from pan-European land-use maps

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
G Peronato ◽  
R Boghetti ◽  
J H Kämpf
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
Land Use Maps

Abstract Aggregated building energy demand is a useful indicator for urban energy planning. It can be used by planners and decision-makers to identify clusters of high energy demand in a given urban area and efficiently plan, for example, district heating networks. Various data sources exist at the pan-European level describing land use and built areas. Combined with statistical data, such maps have been used in previous research for estimating building energy performance aggregated at the hectare level, using engineering assumptions. In this paper, we show that large-scale land-use maps alone can be used for predicting annual building energy demand with an accuracy comparable to the one of previous engineering models. We hence present a preliminary method based on Convolutional Neural Networks at different spatial resolutions. The resulting model was trained and tested in an area of about 170 km1 in Geneva (Switzerland) using a local annual heating demand dataset comprising 16239 buildings. On a 300-m aggregation tile, the obtained mean error (14.3%) is significantly reduced compared to the one of a simple linear model (37.2%). Using solely land-use data, we also achieve similar results for a 100-m tile as those of an engineering model from the literature.

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